Hello Panu!
There are many places, it depends on how long du You wish to stay, and what are You interested in: culture or nature (or both

)
I'm just making an international conference brochure, in which the organizers say:
"Must see sights:
• Buda Castle with the Fishermen’s Bastion, Matthias Church and the Royal Palace
• Gellért Hill viewpoint on Budapest – UNESCO World Heritage site
• Chain Bridge
• Parliament - inside visits are also available
• Saint Stephen’s Basilica
• Andrássy avenue – UNESCO World Heritage site
• House of the Opera – inside visits are also available
• Great Synagogue - inside visits are also available
• Heroes' Square"
I agree with that. And the sequence is also good.

Also interesting:
"• Thermal bathes of Budapest (Gellért, Széchenyi, Rudas)
• High class cafés of the Monarchy period: New York, Gerbeaud, Lotz Hall of the Paris Mall (on Andrássy avenue)
• House of Hungarian Art Nouveau
• Jewish district with Gozsdu Court
• House of the Terror
• Memento Park – statues of the communist era (outside of Budapest)"
But if You are interested also in plants, and nature, You can go easily to Buda Hills (János-hegy, Hárs-hegy, Hármashatár-hegy). If You are not too late You can see fields of Corydalis bulbosa, Iris pumila in many colors, Polygonatums and maybe also other beauties.
Send me a PM if You would like to, maybe we can take You to see Iris pumila and/or Linum dolomiticum.
Ask me freely if You have any questions (although it's not absolutely shure I can answer

)
Kata