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Author Topic: Gredos Mt. Range, Avila, Spain.  (Read 1093 times)

Rafa

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Gredos Mt. Range, Avila, Spain.
« on: September 29, 2014, 09:54:05 AM »
Hello just to show some pics of this place, that I visited last week. I was trying to locate Sideritis lurida subsp. borgiae but it is extinct in this place "Garganta de los Conventos" due to wild goat pressure. I saw other interesting plants like Antirrhinum grossi, Pseudomisophates rivas.martinezii, Diantus gredensis, Santolina oblongifolia, Eryngium bourgatii
« Last Edit: September 29, 2014, 12:44:16 PM by Rafa »

Maggi Young

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Re: Gredos Mt. Range, Avila, Spain.
« Reply #1 on: September 29, 2014, 12:30:44 PM »
It looks as though the goats have eaten just about everything, Rafa.

I understand the flora of that region ( while under great threat ) has been a rich one, but with a smaller range of endemics - I found this paper : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26569701_Plant_endemics_to_Sierra_de_Gredos_%28central_Spain%29_taxonomic_distributional_and_evolutionary_aspects

Plant endemics to Sierra de Gredos (central Spain): taxonomic, distributional, and evolutionary aspects
Bernardo García
Pablo Vargas


Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 01/2008; DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i2.298
Source: DOAJ

ABSTRACT:
 Causes related to a low number of endemics to Sierra de Gredos (central Iberian Peninsula) are poorly understood. Taxonomic, distributional and genetic aspects of the 12 endemic taxa (species and subspecies) are herein discussed. New populations found in the last years provide new chorological reports and taxa to science. As a result, we extend the distribution range of Pseudomisopates rivas-martinezii and describe a new subspecies ( Teucrium oxylepis subsp. Gredense ). Genetic variation was investigated by sequencing the ITS (Internal Transcribed Sequence) region, which is a widespread nuclear DNA region used to detect significant sequence divergence at the species and population levels. At the species level, only eight endemics to this large mountain range (c. 4,800 km2) indicates both limited speciation events coupled with their persistence, despite the high species richness of the flora of Sierra de Gredos (>2,500). According to the levels of ITS sequence divergence, significant isolation processes may have predated the Quaternary in Sierra de Gredos to account for divergence of the monotypic genus Pseudomisopates from its closest relatives ( Misopates, Acanthorrhinum ). Isolation of the other seven endemic species from their closest relatives has been a more recent process, as revealed by the limited ITS sequence variation obtained in this study. At the population level, no net nucleotide substitutions were observed between distant populations of the endemic species: Antirrhinum grosii, Astragalus devesae, Centaurea avilae, Dianthus gredensis, Echinospartum barnadesii, Pseudomisopates rivas-martinezii, Santolina oblongifolia . In contrast, the three populations of Sedum lagascae displayed a relatively high number (4) of nucleotide substitutions. These results, together with limited morphological differentiation, may reflect insufficient population isolation of seven of the eight endemic species of Sierra de Gredos in the Quaternary. Recurrent population contacts or relatively recent range expansion of populations are the two most plausible interpretations in phylogeography of most taxa. Massive extinctions after glacial episodes may have been, in part, responsible for a limited number of endemics and genetic differentiation in Sierra de Gredos, which contrasts with high levels of endemicity in other areas (hotspots) of the Mediterranean floristic region.

Abstract in Spanish:
Las causas del bajo número de endemismos de la Sierra de Gredos (centro de la Península Ibérica) son poco conocidas. Aspectos taxonómicos, distribucionales y genéticos de los 12 taxones endémicos se discuten en este artículo. Nuevas poblaciones encontradas en los últimos años han resultado ser nuevas citas corológicas y nuevos táxones para la ciencia. En concreto, en este artículo ampliamos la distribución de Pseudomisopates rivas-martinezii y describimos una nueva subespecie ( Teucrium oxylepis subsp. Gredense ). Niveles de variación genética han sido investigados por medio de la secuenciación de la región ITS (del inglés Internal Transcribed Sequence ), que es una región de ADN nuclear ampliamente empleada para detectar divergencia genética significativa a nivel de poblaciones. A nivel específico, la presencia de solo ocho especies endémicas de este amplio territorio montañoso (c. 4.800 km2) indica escasos eventos de especiación seguidos por procesos de supervivencia de las especies nuevamente formadas, a pesar de la riqueza en especies de la flora de la Sierra de Gredos (>2.500). De acuerdo con los niveles de variación de secuencias ITS, un notable proceso de aislamiento debe haber precedido la divergencia del género monotípico Pseudomisopates de sus parientes más próximos ( Misopates, Acanthorrhinum ). El aislamiento de las otras siete especies de las especies más próximas ha sido un proceso más reciente tal y como interpretamos por la limitada variación nucleotídica de las secuencias. A nivel poblacional, comparaciones de secuencias ITS realizadas en este estudio no revelan ninguna substitución nucleotídica neta entre poblaciones distantes de los siguientes endemismos: Antirrhinum grosii, Astragalus devesae, Centaurea avilae, Dianthus gredensis, Echinospartum barnadesii, Pseudomisopates rivasmartinezii, Santolina oblongifolia . Por el contrario, las tres poblaciones de Sedum lagascae difirieron en un número (4) relativamente alto de substituciones nucleotídicas. Estos resultados, junto a una escasa diferenciación morfológica, parecen reflejar el insuficiente aislamiento poblacional de siete de las ocho especies endémicas de la Sierra de Gredos durante el Cuaternario. Contactos recurrentes entre las poblaciones o su reciente expansión son las interpretaciones más plausibles en filogeografía de la mayor parte de estos táxones endémicos. Asimismo, extinciones masivas durante los episodios glaciares deben haber sido, al menos en parte, responsables de la presencia de un número escaso de endemismos y una baja divergencia genética en un territorio (Sierra de Gredos) que, paradójicamente, está situado en una zona de máxima endemicidad (la región mediterránea).
Margaret Young in Aberdeen, North East Scotland Zone 7 -ish!

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Rafa

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Re: Gredos Mt. Range, Avila, Spain.
« Reply #2 on: September 29, 2014, 12:55:54 PM »
oh yes! Pablo Vargas, he is a great botanist and an expert of Gredos Flora!.
I checked the plants of Pseudomisophates rivas-martinezii and all of them had been browsed on.
It's a great problem... I am sure Sideritis lurida subp. borgiae will disappear from this range in 10 years' time or less because as it is a stoloniferous plant, the roots penetrate very little into the ground and they are very exposed to the goat mouths.

 


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