Scottish Rock Garden Club Forum

Plant Identification => Plant Identification Questions and Answers => Topic started by: Stephenb on July 18, 2010, 02:49:54 PM

Title: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Stephenb on July 18, 2010, 02:49:54 PM
I have planted many Codonopsis in my garden, but not many have survived. I have understood that there are a number of impostors in the Codonopsis world and would love to know the true identity of my 4 surviving plants. I don't have a key to the genus. Can anyone help? Pictures 1-4 are general pictures of each plant and 5-8 are the flowers.

1 and 5: My oldest plant received as Codonopsis spp (is markedly different from all the others, darker leaves and doesn't climb.
2 and 6: Received as C. pilosula
3 and 7: C. clematidea
4 and 8: C. ovata
(The last 3 all look similar in their growth form, i.e., scrambling)
9 and 10 show the leaves. Again, my unknown species is most different:

9 (from L to R) Ovata, clematidea, pilosula
10 (from L to R) Ovata, clematidea, pilosula and no name.

Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Susan Band on July 18, 2010, 04:47:25 PM
Hi Stephen I think most of your codonopsis  have clematidea blood in them, a common mistake in the seed exchanges. Ovata is distinct it is plain inside with blue veining. For reference there is a link to the codonopsis website on the links page, I have to admit I haven't looked at it for a while so don't know if it is up and running.
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: TheOnionMan on July 18, 2010, 05:27:45 PM
Try this:  http://www.kneebone.freeserve.co.uk/
Click on "Pictures of Codonopsis".

It appears the web page hasn't been updated for some time, but what is there, is a great resource.
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: arisaema on July 18, 2010, 08:21:23 PM
I'm wondering if the first one might be C. chimiliensis, there aren't that many erect species... See the FoC draft (http://hua.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume19/Campanulaceae-K_coauthoring.htm) and the syntype thumbnail here (http://plants.jstor.org/specimen/e00265773). I'd love to trade for some seeds of it!

EDIT: Are you sure those leaves belong to a Codonopsis? There's some Codonopsis stems to the left of the Adenophora'ish unknown...
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Paul T on July 18, 2010, 10:28:08 PM
The details inside codonopsis flowers are stunning aren't they?  Are they as amazing in person as they look in the pics, or is much of it lost by being small flowers that we get great detail of on our computer screens?  They look amazing!!  :o
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: TheOnionMan on July 18, 2010, 11:09:57 PM
The details inside codonopsis flowers are stunning aren't they?  Are they as amazing in person as they look in the pics, or is much of it lost by being small flowers that we get great detail of on our computer screens?  They look amazing!!  :o

Paul, I think Codonopsis are fantastic, particularly the taller vining types that can scramble up through a shrub.  Quite by accident, perhaps from the dumping of old ungerminated seed pots, one year I found a seedling that I could not recognize, so I let it grow on, and it started to scramble up a tall Rhododendron... turned out to be C. lanceolata

The flowers were as big as boiled eggs, in fact, they looked like peeled boiled eggs hanging down all over the twining vine, the eggs dimpled at the bottom, then opening up to fantastic flowers, carnous pinky-red on the inner rim and petals tips, heavily spotted in the tube. It flowered late August-September, with dozens upon dozens of these blooms midway to high up on the rhododendron, a perfect positioning to be able to look up and see the insides.  And inside each flower, there was invariably a single wasp, attracted to the barely detectable foetid scent.  It would flower for weeks on end.  I grow it for 6 years, never made any seed, then didn't come back this spring :'(
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Lesley Cox on July 18, 2010, 11:30:38 PM
The inner markings are indeed fantastic, well up there with Fritillaria and especially Calochortus. A number have come and gone through my hands, mostly through neglect, I'm ashamed to say. A special favourite is what I've always known as C. vincaeflora but may be grey-wilsonii nowadays. Oddly, it's unmarked in the centre but of such a glorious blue colour, that's irrelevant. The white form is lovely too. Must take some pictures later this year. ::)
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Stephenb on July 19, 2010, 08:12:33 AM
I'm wondering if the first one might be C. chimiliensis, there aren't that many erect species... See the FoC draft (http://hua.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume19/Campanulaceae-K_coauthoring.htm) and the syntype thumbnail here (http://plants.jstor.org/specimen/e00265773). I'd love to trade for some seeds of it!

EDIT: Are you sure those leaves belong to a Codonopsis? There's some Codonopsis stems to the left of the Adenophora'ish unknown...

Whoops, that's embarassing, you are absolutely correct and I see my mistake now. If I'd waited a week I would have seen that it was an Adenophora  :-[   The Adenophora has almost taken over the Codonopsis - my notes tell me that I planted Adenophora latifolia here some years ago and I even have a photo, here:

Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Stephenb on July 19, 2010, 08:18:26 AM
Hi Stephen I think most of your codonopsis  have clematidea blood in them, a common mistake in the seed exchanges. Ovata is distinct it is plain inside with blue veining. For reference there is a link to the codonopsis website on the links page, I have to admit I haven't looked at it for a while so don't know if it is up and running.

Thanks, Susan! When you say "clematidea blood" do you mean that they also cross? I was aware that clematidea often turns up as an impostor and had reckoned that some of mine were this (perhaps all are in fact this  :'( ) , but I was struck by the fact that the colouring varies quite a lot...

I've also planted and lost (before flowering) rotundifolia, tangshen, lanceolata and tubulosa. Do Codonopsis have particularly cultivation requirements or are they just not that hardy? My soil is fairly high pH (I noticed Mark mentioned climbing into a rhododendron, acid lovers?).
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Stephenb on July 19, 2010, 08:26:18 AM
The inner markings are indeed fantastic, well up there with Fritillaria and especially Calochortus. A number have come and gone through my hands, mostly through neglect, I'm ashamed to say. A special favourite is what I've always known as C. vincaeflora but may be grey-wilsonii nowadays. Oddly, it's unmarked in the centre but of such a glorious blue colour, that's irrelevant. The white form is lovely too. Must take some pictures later this year. ::)

Surprise plants! They look relatively plain until one lifts its "skirt" and peers up inside at its hidden charms (people always gasp when you show them as it is so unexpected...) :)
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Susan Band on July 19, 2010, 08:31:05 AM
Yes they can cross with ovata that is probably why some are more open shaped than others. C. clematidea should have straightish sides. Clematidea and ovata are certainly hardy here along with some of the greener ones, but I have lost young plants of others but probabaly because I threw them out when they were dormant or didn't notice them coming through the ground. Some of the Czech collector have a few of them on their seed lists.
Susan
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Susan Band on July 19, 2010, 08:31:50 AM
No one has mentioned the smell yet  ;D
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: arisaema on July 19, 2010, 09:54:01 AM
Quite foxy, isn't it... Probably not ones for your salad, Stephen ;D
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Paul T on July 19, 2010, 10:52:12 AM
McMark,

Your Rhodo combo sounds delightful.  I am guessing that this genus is one of these that likes it cool and moist, and therefore would evaporate here in my summers?
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: TheOnionMan on July 19, 2010, 03:52:37 PM
No one has mentioned the smell yet  ;D

I did, I mentioned the foetid scent of C. lanceolata in my post above.  Years ago, when I grew a few others, some have a skunky scent.
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Stephenb on July 19, 2010, 04:28:48 PM
Quite foxy, isn't it... Probably not ones for your salad, Stephen ;D

Just had a sniff - yes, foxy/fishy...

The roots of lanceolata and pilosula are commonly eaten in the Far East and pilosula (Dang Shen) is of course a ginseng substitute, so they might find a place in a salad one day, but definitely not the flowers... ;)

I have another, C. tangshen, in bud and it appears to be green, so maybe I'll have something else than clematidea soon...
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Gunilla on July 19, 2010, 06:07:12 PM
I have tried Codonopsis seed from several seed exchanges but have given up on naming the plants.  C. ovata always turns out to be clematidea or something else.  As a result I have many different Codonopsis in my garden but still no ovata  :'(.    I try not to touch the plants - the smell is appalling.

Codonopsis lanceolata
C. grey-wilsonii
C. clematidea
4-8 Codonopsis ?
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Lesley Cox on July 19, 2010, 09:43:28 PM
Paul, Codonopsis grow from succulent tubers which go dormant as soon as the plants have seeded, which they do copiously (in general). They remain dormant until the following spring, even late in spring or early summer so they're not above ground for very long. As a result, they will stand quite a lot of drought I find, but the top growth is much better when they have a cool, moist place. Most species flower summer into autumn. When they're dormant I frequently throw out small tubers, thinking they are dead and then later I find them growing in odd places like among the lettuces.

Ulla that is a lovely lavender-washed form in your fourth picture, with the perfect background, which is.....?
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: ashley on July 19, 2010, 09:53:31 PM
A beautiful series Ulla.  As an aside, that looks like Fuchsia magellanica in your fifth picture.  Does it tolerate the southern Swedish winter?
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Gunilla on July 20, 2010, 06:24:54 AM
Lesley, as you say they selfseed a lot and the one in my fourth picture is a seedling climbing in an Agastache, also selfseeded  :).

Ashley, I grow Fuchsia magellanica outside and it is hardy but freezes down to the ground most winters.
Title: Re: Four Codonopsis
Post by: Paul T on July 20, 2010, 09:36:31 AM
Thanks Lesley.  I'll have to keep an eye out for them then, if you think they can grow here.  I've loved all the pics of them that I've seen.
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