Scottish Rock Garden Club Forum

Bulbs => Bulbs General => Topic started by: David Nicholson on March 01, 2019, 07:39:56 PM

Title: Corydalis 2019
Post by: David Nicholson on March 01, 2019, 07:39:56 PM
About three weeks earlier than last year the first of my Corydalis are in flower.

Corydalis solida 'Beth Evans'

[attachimg=1]

C. solida 'Dieter Schacht', in his memory.

[attachimg=2]



Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: David Nicholson on March 01, 2019, 07:46:09 PM
Corydalis malkensis, now slowly spreading across the garden.

[attachimg=1]

Now edited. Corydalis paczoskii

[attachimg=2]

Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Ian Y on March 01, 2019, 09:05:48 PM

Quote
Now I'm not certain about this one, it's on my label as C. shanginii but there might have been a "cock-up on the label front" as it were! Can anyone reassure me?
 

David from what I can see in your picture I think it is correct.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: David Nicholson on March 02, 2019, 09:19:35 AM
Thanks for that Ian.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Steve Garvie on March 02, 2019, 12:50:59 PM
I don’t think your plant is schanginii David. Corydalis schanginii is a steppelander that does not grow too well outside in the UK unless grown in well-drained soil that dries out in the Summer. The leaves are usually glaucous, quite deeply incised and with rather pointed ends to the terminal leaflets. The flowers are generally in upright racemes and are larger than on your plant. Schanginii is self-incompatible (your plant seems to have developing seed capsules).

I don’t have any images of Corydalis schanginii leaves but here is an image of the flowers taken on 14th February. I grow it under glass, it was up early this year.

(https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7900/33260422358_b5cdc75680_o_d.jpg)
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Ian Y on March 02, 2019, 01:03:15 PM
David and Steve

Steve does have a point, I have had an other look this morning with less tired eyes and seeing the seed pods forming makes me think it could be Corydalis paczoskii however Corydalis in the garden are very difficult to ID especially from pictures.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Yann on March 02, 2019, 06:11:22 PM
no Corydalis in the garden currently, in the greenhouse they started to show their best.
The light wasn't good enough to take pictures but i try to manage it as i can.

Corydalis wendelboi
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: David Nicholson on March 02, 2019, 07:33:48 PM
Thanks Steve and Ian. A bit of a quandry, I'll have search through some old labels and see what I can find.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: David Nicholson on March 05, 2019, 12:27:38 PM
David and Steve

Steve does have a point, I have had an other look this morning with less tired eyes and seeing the seed pods forming makes me think it could be Corydalis paczoskii however Corydalis in the garden are very difficult to ID especially from pictures.

Had I looked properly at the next label along it is Corydalis paczoskii.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Hoy on March 12, 2019, 12:54:19 PM
Nice David!

My plants are all in the garden but they develop slowly now as it is colder than it was in February!

The first one is a solida seedling and the second one is nameless.

[attachimg=1]

[attachimg=2]
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Mariette on March 12, 2019, 08:13:36 PM
What a beautifully natural scenery!

Corydalis solida self-seeds prolifically in my garden, here´s a very unlike pair of sisters.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Hoy on March 13, 2019, 08:06:29 PM
What a beautifully natural scenery!

Corydalis solida self-seeds prolifically in my garden, here´s a very unlike pair of sisters.

Thanks Mariette. My plants also self-seed and I let the grow. I also try to find the right spot outside when I plant bulbs, never in pots.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Tomte on March 17, 2019, 08:12:33 PM
In the Munich Botanical Garden C. solida currently is everywhere. Here some pinks, purples and a nice red one in the company of Chionodoxa.
At home the bulb belt species are pretty nice right now. First C. maracandica and then C. ainae.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Rimmer de Vries on March 18, 2019, 07:02:41 PM
Corydalis in a hot dry limestone gravel bed nearest tagsays C turtschaninovii yanhusou.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: David Nicholson on March 18, 2019, 07:51:30 PM
Corydalis solida

[attachimg=1]

Corydalis cava

[attachimg=2]
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: David Nicholson on March 18, 2019, 07:53:08 PM
Corydalis 'Blue Heron'

[attachimg=1]
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Hannelore on March 19, 2019, 02:07:22 PM
Corydalis solida 'Vuurvogel'  ('Firebird')

[attach=1]
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: stone on March 19, 2019, 06:15:01 PM
sry, this is not vuurvogel ;)
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Hannelore on March 19, 2019, 06:41:17 PM
I bought it under this name from Kwekerij De Hessenhof .

Hannelore
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Leena on March 19, 2019, 06:56:01 PM
There seems to be several different plants  sold as 'Vuurvogel'/'Firebird'. :(
I have two which were both bought from Nijssen in Netherlands as 'Vuurvogel', and neither is like Hannelore's plant. The other is a tiny plant with muddy reddish flowers, real dissappointment, the other might be the real 'Firebird', it is a taller plant with true red flowers. I guess there are seedlings sold with the name of mother plant..
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Leena on March 19, 2019, 06:57:05 PM
Corydalis 'Blue Heron'

Very nice blue Corydalis! :) And early.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: stone on March 19, 2019, 07:43:14 PM
this is gp barker, and vuurvogel is more red, sry GP Baker
(https://up.picr.de/35314467zq.jpg)
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: David Nicholson on March 19, 2019, 08:20:57 PM
Very nice blue Corydalis! :) And early.

Yes Leena it's a nice plant. I do have worries that it isn't 'right' since in Tebbit, Liden and Zetterlund it says  "........... starts flowering in early summer and may continue with the occasional flowering raceme well into September.........." Mine usually starts flowering early to mid-March and is still in flower in late October. Having said that forumists with far more knowledge than I possess assure me it is 'right'.

I think I agree that Hannelore's 'Firebird' isn't 'right' and Stone's Corydalis solida 'G P Barker'  is probably the plant I have known for many years as C. s. 'George Baker'.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: stone on March 19, 2019, 08:42:06 PM
https://order.blumenzwiebel.nl/corydalis/1046-corydalis-solida-vuurvogel-1046.html
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Hannelore on March 20, 2019, 04:07:26 AM
I don't mind, I like it anyway. Perhaps I should stop placing labels in order not to disturb the fun about my garden.  :-\

Hannelore
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: David Nicholson on March 20, 2019, 09:08:13 AM
I agree with you, it's very nice.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gabriela on March 20, 2019, 10:58:08 PM
Nice blue David.

The suppliers should know better than propagate Corydalis from seeds and use the name of mother plant.
But they are all so beautiful that for me it really doesn't matter. Grow them from seeds and you will end up with many nice surprises! (and you can name them as you wish :D
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: stone on March 21, 2019, 07:04:47 AM
I bought it under this name from Kwekerij De Hessenhof .

Hannelore
maybe it is purple bird, yes it is nice
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Leena on March 21, 2019, 07:33:41 AM
I don't mind, I like it anyway. Perhaps I should stop placing labels in order not to disturb the fun about my garden.  :-\

I agree that all Corydalis are very nice, and it doesn't matter what their name is!  :) Only when you try to buy a certain type it is a  shame when you don't get what you were hoping to get.

The suppliers should know better than propagate Corydalis from seeds and use the name of mother plant.
But they are all so beautiful that for me it really doesn't matter. Grow them from seeds and you will end up with many nice surprises!

I think it is very difficult to prevent Corydalis seedlings if they are grown commercially in fields in big rows, and that is why there are different colored plants sold with the same name. But of course this is only my speculation..

'George Baker' seems to be another one  where different colored plants are sold with the same name. I have bought it from three places and two of them have the same red plant but the plant from the third was smaller and more pinkier red, but not as pink as in stones picture.
This is a plant which I have thought was the real  GB, but I don't know (picture from last spring). It is a nice red anyway whatever it is. The large and more pink Corydalis in the background is 'Beth Evans' (or bought as such).
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: stone on March 21, 2019, 08:49:26 AM
wonderfull picture
i also saw george baker, more red as they in my garden, sry for my bad english
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Maggi Young on March 21, 2019, 10:15:44 AM
Not the best photos  but  they may help -

 Corydalis Beth Evans
 [attachimg=1]


and Corydalis  George Baker
 [attachimg=2]

 In our garden  Beth Evan flowers  first, and when it is  almost over, George Baker  begins - at least, that is what happens in most  years. Sometime  George Baker begins  while  Beth Evans is  in full flower.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Leena on March 21, 2019, 12:28:03 PM
Wonderful spring garden, Maggi. :) Like your garden always is.
The difference in colours is the same here, but they flower the same time, like all Corydalis, because spring is so much shorter  time here.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gabriela on March 21, 2019, 05:32:45 PM
Leena - you're right, it can be disappointing when you expect a certain plant to be true to name.
I don't have this problem with Corydalis solida (or other Corydalis) here because they are rarely  offered; we don't have that many specialized nurseries, the mass producing ones don't grow them. Many people have no idea about them, especially that they flower and go dormant fast.

I think I showed some pictures before but when they flower there is little time. My reddest is also not the GB. Just a few:
[attachimg=1]

[attachimg=2]
[attachimg=3]
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Carolyn on March 21, 2019, 05:53:15 PM
Lovely strong colours, Gabriela, even if you can't buy named varieties.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Janis Ruksans on March 23, 2019, 04:48:10 PM
I didn't followed Corydalis page, was very busy in nursery and the health was not on top. So may be I repeat something, but here 4 pictures made today, when crocuses almost finished blooming, but now comes Corydalis festivity. Here 3 species, difficult for outside, but good in pots - all from Iran and starting from top - Corydalis hyrcana (16IRS-082), then 2 colour forms of Corydalis haussknechtii (17IRS-038 and 050), collected at two different, quite distant localities (the purple in wild was more impressive) and last is very special Corydalis verticillaris ssp. boissieri (17IRS-042).
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gabriela on March 23, 2019, 05:52:08 PM
Lovely strong colours, Gabriela, even if you can't buy named varieties.

Thank you Carolyn. The only named var. I ever bought were GB (presumably) and one bulb of Beth Evans maybe 8 years ago.
In the last couple of years I sowed a lot of Corydalis from my own (to help) and friends: solida, caucasica, cava....I look fwd for all to grow and intermingle happily in the garden!
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gabriela on March 23, 2019, 05:54:59 PM
I didn't followed Corydalis page, was very busy in nursery and the health was not on top. So may be I repeat something, but here 4 pictures made today, when crocuses almost finished blooming, but now comes Corydalis festivity. Here 3 species, difficult for outside, but good in pots - all from Iran and starting from top - Corydalis hyrcana (16IRS-082), then 2 colour forms of Corydalis haussknechtii (17IRS-038 and 050), collected at two different, quite distant localities (the purple in wild was more impressive) and last is very special Corydalis verticillaris ssp. boissieri (17IRS-042).

Spectacular festivities Janis.
Those with a greenhouse can rejoice in growing all these interesting beauties!
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Yann on March 23, 2019, 07:26:34 PM
indeed without a greenhouse...
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Hannelore on March 24, 2019, 11:05:15 AM
At last I caught the firebird!
[attachimg=1]

But now I have another problem: The labels at this place say that one of these two is "White swallow"  ???

BW
Hannelore
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: barnclos on March 24, 2019, 04:37:07 PM
Corydalis fumariifolia subsp. azurea. My first Corydalis flower.

[attachimg=1]
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Leena on March 25, 2019, 07:02:31 AM
The only named var. I ever bought were GB (presumably) and one bulb of Beth Evans maybe 8 years ago.
In the last couple of years I sowed a lot of Corydalis from my own (to help) and friends: solida, caucasica, cava....I look fwd for all to grow and intermingle happily in the garden!

I have had the same thought  when I have bought named cultivars: that I would get some good mother plants and then increase by seeds to have someday a lot of flowering plants  :). Not the same of course, but some maybe even better and some not so good, but it is faster to increase them from seeds than to wait for bulbs to multiply (if you have a big garden).
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: David Nicholson on March 25, 2019, 08:11:07 PM
Two that are a bit past their best, Corydalis solida 'Purple Bird' and Corydalis solida. The latter hasn't flowered well this year so maybe I will move it later.

[attachimg=1]

[attachimg=2]
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Yann on March 25, 2019, 09:40:55 PM
very nice set of colors from all of you, here's another solida hybrid 'Domino'
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gabriela on March 25, 2019, 11:42:03 PM
Corydalis fumariifolia subsp. azurea. My first Corydalis flower.

(Attachment Link)

To many more Keith :)
A pleasant soft blue color.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gabriela on March 25, 2019, 11:47:14 PM
I have had the same thought  when I have bought named cultivars: that I would get some good mother plants and then increase by seeds to have someday a lot of flowering plants  :). Not the same of course, but some maybe even better and some not so good, but it is faster to increase them from seeds than to wait for bulbs to multiply (if you have a big garden).

The more the better Leena!
What I'm doing now is grow them 2 years in pots to better give them a 'fighting' chance, then I plant in the garden after they go dormant (in the second year).
I only kept seedlings of the very red form in a pot because I'm curious to see what's the probability of getting something close with the mother plant. We'll see...
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gabriela on March 25, 2019, 11:48:50 PM
very nice set of colors from all of you, here's another solida hybrid 'Domino'

Interesting flower shape for a solida Yann. Do you know the parentage?
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Maggi Young on March 26, 2019, 11:03:18 AM
Corydalis Open Day - Durham, Co Durham
Sunday 31st March 2019

[attachimg=1]

The  garden of  Brian Whitton is again open to view his national collection of  Corydalis.  This is  a fascinating opportunity to view the Corydalis Collection in Durham (DH1 4LA) on Sunday 31st March 2019. Species from the high mountains in China are of particular interest, but it's difficult to predict flowering dates, so email for information.

Plant Heritage  notice :
 Open day to see the National Plant Collection, Corydalis. Medium garden with plants in outdoor and greenhouse pots; many also in open beds. Species from high mountains in China of particular interest, but difficult to predict flowering dates, so email for information.
Event Location:
74 Archery Rise
Durham
Co Durham
DH1 4LA
Event Contact:
Prof Brian A Whitton
0191 386 7504
b.a.whitton@durham.ac.uk

[attachimg=2]


https://www.nccpg.com/Events/Corydalis-Open-Day---Durham,-Co-Durham.aspx?fbclid=IwAR0GjEctlxH6Vq9wLxppY6cK6hbLl0H62O0tKdLwbXpj52mdx-gOEN7xvh0 (https://www.nccpg.com/Events/Corydalis-Open-Day---Durham,-Co-Durham.aspx?fbclid=IwAR0GjEctlxH6Vq9wLxppY6cK6hbLl0H62O0tKdLwbXpj52mdx-gOEN7xvh0)
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gerdk on March 26, 2019, 05:48:39 PM
Here are

Corydalis solida - one of my best blue selections
and Corydalis marschalliana

Gerd
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gabriela on March 26, 2019, 11:59:09 PM
Here are
Corydalis solida - one of my best blue selections
Gerd

Gorgeous blue Gerd, are you sure it doean't have a bit of foreign blood? The flower shape is a bit unusual for solida.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Leena on March 27, 2019, 07:12:48 AM
What I'm doing now is grow them 2 years in pots to better give them a 'fighting' chance, then I plant in the garden after they go dormant (in the second year).

This is what I'm doing now, too.  :) I have lost seedlings in some years, when I have either sown them directly to ground or planted right after germination. Of course this would happen to seedlings which I'm most looking forward to, the more common ones (muddy purple)  just keep on self seeding no matter what the weather is like ..
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gerdk on March 27, 2019, 09:43:46 AM
Gorgeous blue Gerd, are you sure it doean't have a bit of foreign blood? The flower shape is a bit unusual for solida.


Thank you Gabriela! There is more than one origin of my blue selections. I remember that I once found a single blue one in the Alps and there are also some of commerce.
However I just compared the photographed plant with other solidas and I can't detect special differences.

I must confess I am not the best oberserver concerning differentiation, so would you please tell me what is unusual for you.

Gerd
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gabriela on March 27, 2019, 11:55:47 PM
This is what I'm doing now, too.  :) I have lost seedlings in some years, when I have either sown them directly to ground or planted right after germination. Of course this would happen to seedlings which I'm most looking forward to, the more common ones (muddy purple)  just keep on self seeding no matter what the weather is like ..

I noticed self sown seedlings as well Leena, don't know the colours yet but for now even the common ones can stay; I have plenty of space to fill (will keep them on the other side of the house though  ;D
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gabriela on March 28, 2019, 12:01:30 AM

Thank you Gabriela! There is more than one origin of my blue selections. I remember that I once found a single blue one in the Alps and there are also some of commerce.
However I just compared the photographed plant with other solidas and I can't detect special differences.

I must confess I am not the best oberserver concerning differentiation, so would you please tell me what is unusual for you.
Gerd

Your picture doesn't have enough detail Gerd but the spur seems a bit too recurved, I may be wrong of course.
I have never seen a pure blue C. solida (and I've witness large populations in the wild) and I actually don't know of any cultivars, maybe they exist but no one shows them.


Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gerdk on March 28, 2019, 10:10:16 AM
Thank you Gabriela! I just picked a flowerhead of the blue selection - and you are right, the spur is more incurved than it is in the other ' solida ' which I grow. So some kind of introgression can't be excluded.
I am still not sure if this is sufficient to name them ' solida hybrids ' or ' aff. solida '.

Gerd


Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gail on March 28, 2019, 07:28:00 PM
I have never seen a pure blue C. solida (and I've witness large populations in the wild) and I actually don't know of any cultivars, maybe they exist but no one shows them.
I bought a bulb of C. solida 'Blue Pearl' from Paul Christian, expecting at least a blue-ish flower but for me it was not even a Dulux hint of blue. I think they must have had quite a few other people disappointed as there is now quite an extensive discussion about the unstable nature of the blue colour of this cultivar on their website...
My plant;
[attachimg=1]
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gabriela on March 28, 2019, 11:23:36 PM
Thank you Gabriela! I just picked a flowerhead of the blue selection - and you are right, the spur is more incurved than it is in the other ' solida ' which I grow. So some kind of introgression can't be excluded.
I am still not sure if this is sufficient to name them ' solida hybrids ' or ' aff. solida '.

Gerd


It's up to you Gerd how to name it, I would say hybrid. What blue Corydalis species you had/have in the garden? It would help to clarify the origin.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gabriela on March 28, 2019, 11:38:50 PM
I bought a bulb of C. solida 'Blue Pearl' from Paul Christian, expecting at least a blue-ish flower but for me it was not even a Dulux hint of blue. I think they must have had quite a few other people disappointed as there is now quite an extensive discussion about the unstable nature of the blue colour of this cultivar on their website...
My plant;
(Attachment Link)

Still nice Gail :) I do not cry after blue C. solida because there are enough beautiful blue Corydalis.
If we are to discuss colours, let's think that in within every species there are 'traditional' colours, some 'rare' and some plainly put 'nonexistent' - better said not expressed, they may exist genetically speaking. There are many studies regarding the genetics of flowers colours.
Corydalis solida, considering wild large populations, shows: purple in various shades, pink, white and red. Even in close species: C. caucasica, cava,...the main colours are purple to white.

So, any 'blue' C. solida sounds a bit suspicious to begin with (but not impossible). But there are still many other beautiful forms to obtain colour wise for C. solida.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gerdk on March 29, 2019, 06:35:06 PM
It's up to you Gerd how to name it, I would say hybrid. What blue Corydalis species you had/have in the garden? It would help to clarify the origin.

Gabriela, I don't have any blue Corydalis besides the plant pictured but within the ancestry there might be another species - part of the starting material of my selection came from a nursery.

So - better will call them aff. solida.
Gerd
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Rick R. on March 30, 2019, 01:24:55 AM
affine (aff.) is Latin for "similar to", but in botany it means "closely related to, but likely not the same species".

confer (cf.) is Latin for "compare", but in botany it means "similar to, but not identical and may be the same species".

But in real life, affine and confer are subjectively used.  Their subtle difference is meaningful when both are used by the same author, but probably best viewed as identical from author to author.

Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: David Nicholson on April 12, 2019, 07:19:19 PM
Corydalis flexuosa 'Purple Leaf'

[attachimg=1]

Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Gail on May 05, 2019, 09:52:14 PM
Corydalis 'Korn's Purple' bought from Beth Chatto's nursery who say "From Peter Korn, Sweden. A selected seedling derving from C.flexuosa. elata & capitata."
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Leena on May 07, 2019, 08:55:35 AM
'Korn's Purple' has been a very good Corydalis for me, too. :)

Corydalis solida is soon over, but here is C.kuznetzovii.
In the second picture a clump of seedlings ex  C.wendelboi 'Abant Wine', not like the mother plant but some even nicer.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: David Nicholson on May 07, 2019, 01:43:13 PM
Corydalis 'Spinners', a nice plant but a bit of a spreader. The flower heads always show light lilac shades but, unless these are immature flower heads, some are showing a 'Manchester City' light blue.

[attachimg=1]

[attachimg=2]

[attachimg=3]
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Leena on May 09, 2019, 07:33:05 AM
Very nice David. I have it also and it seems to do well, not flowering yet.

The latest Corydalis solida are still flowering, this is 'Blushing Girl'.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Leena on May 17, 2019, 08:12:07 AM
Corydalis nobilis is flowering right now.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Rick R. on May 17, 2019, 10:09:51 PM
My Corydalis nobilis is nearing the end.  This pic taken 11 May.
[attachimg=1]
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Leena on May 19, 2019, 05:12:51 PM
Rick, your plant is so good looking! It grows in the open, so maybe that is why is has so much flowers.
My C.nobilis are more like weeds (but pretty ones!), and grow under trees where I had planted one maybe 20 years ago.
I like them, because they can look after themselves, and flower at this time well every year, no matter of frosts or anything. And soon they go below ground.
Title: Re: Corydalis 2019
Post by: Rick R. on May 21, 2019, 12:23:42 AM
Yes Leena, that would be the case.  It grows in dappled, and open shade, with very little competition under a seviceberry tree.  It seems to be pretty optimal growing conditions.  When it dies back, it is covered with summer perennials, like Triosteum pinnatifidum.
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