Scottish Rock Garden Club Forum
General Subjects => Alpines => Topic started by: johnralphcarpenter on April 10, 2015, 04:00:34 PM
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Just bought this nice Pulsatilla vulgaris 'Rode Klokke'.
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Here is what has grown from open pollinated Pulsatilla pratensis bohemica seeds. The parent is almost black. Could this be a hybrid with P. vulgaris?
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that's how I'd expect it to look, Mark, I see no vulgaris there.
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yeah I've been out to the parent plant which opened today. It's not as dark as it used to be :'( :'(
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It's still distinctive though, surely Mark?
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Last year and first time flowering it was exciting - ignore the photo title
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actually this is the hybrid, above, I think/hope but not flowering this year
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Alan Elliott tweeted : "Horty-types get your pens ready to re-label. Transfer of Chinese Pulsatilla to Anemone
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1111/njb.00700/ (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1111/njb.00700/)
via Nordic Journal of Botany "
Research Article
Nomenclatural transfer of Chinese Pulsatilla to Anemone (Ranunculaceae)
Authors
Nan Jiang , Zhuang Zhou, Kai-Yun Guan andWen-Bin Yu
First published: 13 April 2015
Abstract
Pulsatilla has been separated from Anemone by many authors. However, molecular phylogenies show that this genus, along with Barneoudia, Knowltonia, Hepatica and Oreithales, is nested with Anemone. For this reason, Pulsatilla is better treated as a section of Anemone. For the Chinese Pulsatilla species, nine species names are already available in Anemone, and the remaining names of three species and four infraspecific taxa are transferred to Anemone here.
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Noooooooooooooooooooo
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Just ignore them Fermi
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Back to square one.
I can remember Pulsatilla vulgaris once was Anemone pulsatilla and Pulsatilla vernalis was Anemone vernalis.
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Nice plant Mark - I particularly like these small flowered Pasque flowers, so rarely grown. This is P. pratensis nigricans grown from seed from Rosemary Powis' garden where she had a wonderfully strong plant which has since died out, so something we must continue propagating. The pulsatillas are just beginning to flower with us (and I'm just beginning to make more sense of their nomenclature - growing from wild collected seed is the answer in part! - as well as following this thread from last year).
Fermi - Maggi put this tweet on the Anemone thread, and I responded there! Would probably have been simpler to follow your sentiments ;). (Chris Grey-Wilson gives a considered and sensible discussion about this in his book on the genus Pulsatilla).
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i would have no problems to transfer all Pulsatilla species to Anemone species. but first i want to see, that this is generally accepted within botany systematic + also a complete revision of all species in the genus Pulsatilla with respect to all newer scientific papers published about Pulsatilla (e.g. german botanist Zetzsche: "Die Phylogeographie des Artkomplexes Pulsatilla alpina (http://sundoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/diss-online/04/05H148/prom.pdf)"). before then i stay with Pulsatilla without problems if somebody calls me a stupid ignorant. 8)
but back to our plants...starting the season as usual with Pulsatilla vernalis. here my this year favorite with 5 flowers on 1 plant (1 bud yet ended flowering). nice to see when ending flowering how the white color fades to rose/pink
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Hoy you must have a good memory ;D
Linnaeus first named it as Anemone vernalis, it was renamed Pulsatilla vernalis in the early 18th century by Philip Miller. The name Hepatica has the same taxonomic history and is threatened with the same return to Anemone.
Back to square one.
I can remember Pulsatilla vulgaris once was Anemone pulsatilla and Pulsatilla vernalis was Anemone vernalis.
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Hi Diane,
I have (or rather had) a very good memory and what I said is true - I spoke for myself although I didn't say it clearly. My great grandfather was a keen observer of nature and he had a big library. My grandmother learnt a lot from him including Latin plant names and I learnt them from her! (None of us bothered checking the validity though ;D )
The two very first I learnt was Tussilago farfara and Anemone hepatica. Later also other names. (Maybe not very updated even at that time!)
This is from my second flora (the first one was small and only with some drawings) which I got from my grandma when I was about 10 (that's half a centrury ago) and she had got it from her dad.
"Lehrbuch der Praktischen Pflanzenkund in Wort und Bild, für Schule und Haus, für Gebildete aller Stände." Mit über 1000 Abbildungen auf 60 colorirten Tafeln in Doppelfolio und 214 Holzschnitten. Herausgeben von Carl Hoffmann. Stuttgart. Hoffmann'sche Verlags-Buchhandlung." (ca 1860) Herr Hoffmann hadn't read or didn't agree to Miller!
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What a beautiful drawing Trond.
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Hi Diane, I have (or rather had) a very good memory and what I said is true - I spoke for myself although I didn't say it clearly. My great grandfather was a keen observer of nature and he had a big library. My grandmother learnt a lot from him including Latin plant names and I learnt them from her! (None of us bothered checking the validity though ;D )
Very interesting, Hoy. I did wonder for how long Linneaus' names were still used, as Miller's revision came very quickly after the first publication from Linneaus, but perhaps they were not widely accepted. Lovely to see the old drawings, thanks for posting them.
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This is becoming quite an interesting discussion - we have an old pre-Linnaean 'Natural History' which I must look at more closely ;). Room for debate between figures such as Linnaeus and Miller!
This is the frontespiece from a book on the native British flora written by Walter Ingwersen which also refers to Anemone pulsatilla (actually it is quite stylised and looks more like Pulsatilla vernalis to me), so usage of Anemone does have historical following by gardeners and nurserymen too. I prefer Miller's use of Pulsatilla because if both this and Hepatica and other closely related less well known genera are placed back into Anemone there is loss of information (that is if they would still be regarded as distinct subgenera within Anemone). The fact that there are genera such as Oreithales, Barneoudia, Knowltonia and Metanemone makes me interested in them - actually I don't know much if anything about any of these!. If they are all placed back into Anemone I would know rather less about these related plants than I do now (in fact I wouldn't even know anything about them at all unless I was a student of Anemone), even if scientifically there was more evolutionary accuracy about the designation (and I imagine there would be continuing debate about this!). But I speak as a gardener and nurseryman, and we tend to prefer more names rather than less! If I was a botanist studying and describing the Ranunculaceae I would probably view them differently, and possibly more as herbarium specimens rather than living plants of interest to grow and propagate. This all becomes quite philosophical and along the way you probably end up learning a lot more about the plants and still end up arguing about the names :-\. (The book I use now is 'Flowering Plant Families of the World' by Heywood et al published by Kew in 2007, which still refers to Pulsatilla, but this is an overall compilation of nomenclatural information based on the most up to date research, but always subject to detailed modification).
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David,
Yes, some of the drawings are very beautiful but some are rather primitive!
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Diane,
I don't know how long the names were in use, but I think the last to be changed where Anemone hepatica, at least in books here. Probably the authors had their own view.
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Tim,
I don't like name changes but I do understand why it is done!
Here are some pictures of plants I wouldn't recognize as anemones at first glance: Barneoudia major from Argentina. Unfortunately the flowers had not opened when we found them. Probably just one but it can be two species. They are from different sites.
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Here what i wrote in an other thread.
There is a taxonomic explanation about Pulsatilla and Anemone in Flora Gallica : separating Pulsatilla (and Hepatica) from Anemone need, from a phyllogenetic point of view, the separation of other subgenus like Anemoloides (nemorosa, apennina, ranunculoides...), Homalocarpus (narcissiflora).... Pulsatilla and Hepatica are now subgenus of Anemone and it seems to be accepted by many taxonomist.
See Hoot & al. 2012 (http://molbiol.ru/forums/index.php?act=Attach&type=post&id=134521) or Schuettpelz & al., 2002 (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sara_Hoot/publication/226752321_Multiple_origins_of_Southern_Hemisphere_Anemone%28Ranunculaceae%29_based_on_plastid_and_nuclear_sequence_data/links/0deec515df1b12a5ef000000.pdf)
It seems easier to rename back Pulsatilla and Hepatica as Anemone than to split the whole Anemone genus in numerous genus.
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Yes there is logic in that Yvain! I started life as a scientist (plant physiologist), became a gardener, and now am becoming more of a botanist again! (I know a lot more about Anemone now than I did a while ago - the genus obviously deserves a good monograph directed at gardeners too).
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I did a Botanics Story http://stories.rbge.org.uk/archives/14827 (http://stories.rbge.org.uk/archives/14827) and used images of the Anemones, I mean Pulsatillas, we grow at the Botanics that are mentioned in the Nordic J Bot. paper but ultimately didnt use any names because I'm sure two of the three are misidentified - a far worse crime than a nomenclatural/taxonomic change. Oh woe.
Just ignore them Fermi
To paraphrase David you dont have to follow anyone's Taxonomy. I've said it before and I'll say it again the use of plant names is democratic. You call them what you like, think its best, or know. Joining the dots to work out what something is is half the fun...
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I hope you are not fed up with Pulsatilla pictures?
Today a friend and I made an excursion to some localities in our area. Pulsatilla vernalis was at its best, but there is only one or with good luck two or three plants in each locality. Some of them had hundreds of plants less than ten years ago. It is so sad. But with no cows or sheep pasting the pine forrests it gets to dense and to mossy for them to multiply. We had a hug fire in the forrests upnorth last summer. It is in P vernalis land, so hopefully there will be plenty of them in some year. They are really favoured by fire.
The Pulsatilla vulgaris are just about to begin to flower. In our most famous locality there are well over 200 000 flowers ( not plants, though) The place is kept open by pasting bulls. Unfortunally I will not be able to go back when it is in full glory. So you´ll have to do with these pictures.
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This one is dedicated to "Astragalus"
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I would also like to tell a beautiful story my friend told me today. We have two rivulets just outside my village. The both begin on the very same hill not far away from here. One spring on each side of the hill. The rivulets decided to compete; who would be the first to reach the sea? One of them, Silverån, found the lake Hulingen and thought it was the sea so he happily yelled: "I won; I won!". The other rivulet, Stångån, was already much further down south and got very disappointed so he decided to make a sharp turn and go back norht to find the sea. He even past the spring of origin in his search for his friend and the sea. He didn´t find the sea either but ended up in a lake upnorth.
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Susann, could neither of them read a map ;D
Regarding Pulsatilla vernalis, where we have our mountain cabin it was huge areas of this plant down in the valley when my father-in-law grew up but now they're all gone. I have introduced some at our cabin and keep the shrubs and tree seedlings away so they have started to spread around themselves.
When is the best time to see the flowering of backsippa at its best?
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The best time for "backsippa"? This year it is right now, today, in my area. I really wish I had time to go and enjoy them. In the very south ( Skåne) they are probably over already.
Normally is is about three weeks later when they are at their best, but spring is really early this year. Other years we still have snow these dates.
Regarding the rivulets; you know about youngsters. They don´t have the patience to listen to advice or read maps. They just go for it.
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a quite small type of Pulsatilla rubra 8) this very dark form is called Pulsatilla rubra var. rubra f. nigella and is endemic in a small area nearby the village Rix/France. hight at the moment 10-11 cm (bracts), flower diameter 3 cm, flower tubular facing upwards when starting to flower, then sidewards bowl-shaped, not nodding (till now). some more buds will flower the next days, if weather stay warm.
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Very nice. A couple here at the moment: Pulsatilla halleri, a recent acquisition, and a happy clump of Pulsatilla vulgaris.
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Thanks, Susann. We normally would have Pulsatillas in bud by now but we are quite late with everything this year. A lingering winter and still having some hard frosts. but not every night.
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Really nice to see that form of P. rubra Greenspan, and where it occurs. Grey-Wilson suggests that the cultivar 'Eva Constance' derives from P. rubra, but these darker forms are remarkable and would be very interesting to grow.
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a quite small type of Pulsatilla rubra 8) this very dark form is called Pulsatilla rubra var. rubra f. nigella and is endemic in a small area nearby the village Rix/France. hight at the moment 10-11 cm (bracts), flower diameter 3 cm, flower tubular facing upwards when starting to flower, then sidewards bowl-shaped, not nodding (till now). some more buds will flower the next days, if weather stay warm.
Fabulous colour! Dark Velvet plus a sheen = Wonderful!
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Pulsatilla violacaea
Pulsatilla vulgaris
and in tufa
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Pulsatilla albana
(https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8805/17256529726_541ec6a261_o.jpg)
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Pulsatilla albana
Fantastic picture once again Steve.
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I need help to identify this nice bell flowered Pulsatilla blooming now. about 12-13 inches tall
These were grows in a flat of seed from various seed ex. and got all mixed up.
Any idea on ID?
Thank you
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I have a general question about identifying pasqueflowers. How do you tell Pulsatilla vulgaris (Anemone pulsatilla) from Pulsatilla patens (Anemone patens)? As I understand it, there are several different flower colors of each species. Here in Minnesota, we have Pulsatilla patens var. multifida growing in the wild, and it usually has sepals with lavender backs and white fronts (http://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/american-pasqueflower (http://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/american-pasqueflower)). But I have seen pictures of European Pulsatilla patens with darker purple flowers, and the same flower color on the Illinois Wildflowers site (http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/pasqueflower.htm (http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/pasqueflower.htm)).
So what's the difference between the two species? The difference doesn't seem to be flower color, since both species sometimes have purple flowers. I suspect there's a leaf shape difference, in which Pulsatilla patens leaves are more palmate and Pulsatilla vulgaris leaves are longer, but I don't know Pulsatilla species well enough to know if I'm right. I'd include a picture if I had one...
The reason for this question is that the Friends School Plant Sale here in Minnesota is selling Pulsatilla patens, but some people think it might actually be Pulsatilla vulgaris. So, I wanted to ask rock garden people, who might grow or otherwise know both species, how you tell the two species apart.
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One difference is that Pulsatilla patens blooms before any leaves emerge, while leaves and flowers are simultaneous on P. vulgaris, as shown by the photos below.
P. patens - note no leaves; these photos also show the usual colour across the Canadian prairies (Sask. and Alberta; can't speak about Manitoba, or further east across its range outside the "Prairies"), and up into the Alberta foothills, sort of a pale lilac.
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An early season P. vulgaris - note leaves present at blooming:
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P.S. And, by the way, I'd say the plants shown on the Illinois Wildflowers site (http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/pasqueflower.htm (http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/pasqueflower.htm)) are P. vulgaris; also note that they're photographed in someone's garden... which is awfully feeble for a wildflowers site. :P But let's see what the Pulsatilla experts here say.
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Hmm, interesting: if flowers before leaves is the distinguishing characteristic of patens, the Illinois Wildflowers photos certainly show vulgaris.
The color of Pulsatilla patens that you have is the same color we have here.
Hope to hear from others.
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Hmm, interesting: if flowers before leaves is the distinguishing characteristic of patens, the Illinois Wildflowers photos certainly show vulgaris.
Not the only one, but an obvious one.
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Not the only one, but an obvious one.
An issue with P. vulgaris in cultivation in the UK (not sure about US) is that it is most likely "something else" a series of crosses and back crosses of different but closely related species to P. vulgaris....so if what you have being sold as P. vulgaris doesnt quite 'fit', it might be because it is a hybrid of garden origin.
My favourite glib Botanical comment....
You know what they say about Ranunculaceae?
It makes a good species.
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The leaves of patens and vulgaris are certainly very different as you say - the former distinctly palmate (I only have this picture of leaves of the American patens on the left with vernalis on the right taken in January - must take another to compare now with other species). In the UK patens is hardly grown - and not so easy - but there is plenty of confusion about pulsatillas in general which is a pretty good reason to grow more of them and obtain true wild collected seed, as well as the fact that they are such great plants!
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@rimmer
my first thought was + it is said the first thought is always the best thought ;D that your photos show a very nice form of Pulsatilla ambigua. 2 features, why i came to this conclusion...the reflexing sepals + the biternate leaves. see also these ambigua photos (http://www.plantarium.ru/page/view/item/30888.html) on plantarium.ru for comparison.
@Lori
wonderful photos of P. patens. i still miss patens here in my garden. got a lot of seed from usa but nothing germinated (guess it was old seed). btw...i thought exactly the same, when checking the illinois wild flower website...looks like vulgaris + a bit strange to show garden plants on a website about wildflowers. ;D
btw ...some photos about some Pulsatilla in my garden...flowering ended already of course
the first one was Pulsatilla vulgaris var. oenipontana (end of march), an endemic vulgaris-variety from the area around innsbruck/austria. got it as seedlings from the german nursery arktisch-alpiner-garten (http://www.arktisch-alpiner-garten.de/). planted in calcareous soil
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another interesting vulgaris variety is Pulsatilla vulgaris var. costeana, an endemic form of the french calcareous high plateau Causse de Sauveterre (found near the village Mende). the finder, who gave me this plant, thought he had found P. rubra var. rubra f. serotina which is native in the same area. P. vulgaris var. costeana is a quite dark flowering variety, especially when the buds open. the color fades out to more violet while flowering
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Pulsatilla rubra var. rubra f. nigella, a form which is endemic in a small area around the village Rix/France on the calcareous hills above the Rhône valley. this form is quite small, about 10-12 cm high. the flowering was short because i hand pollinated them as soon they opened their flowers...that's why the pollen "contamination", what does no harm to their beauty + my "bee" activities seem to be successful
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an acid soil lover Pulsatilla alpina ssp. apiifolia, sowed in august 2012, this seedling flowered now in may 2015, peat soil with sandy grit + lava, watering from time to time with acid water plus some fluid fertilizer for ericaceae plants (rain water plus some vinegar -> ph~3,5)
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@rimmer
my first thought was + it is said the first thought is always the best thought ;D that your photos show a very nice form of Pulsatilla ambigua. 2 features, why i came to this conclusion...the reflexing sepals + the biternate leaves. see also these ambigua photos (http://www.plantarium.ru/page/view/item/30888.html) on plantarium.ru for comparison.
Thank you very much Greenspan.
that may be it! Thank you.
I found a tag in the original tray as Pulsatilla ambigua 882- seed started 5 March 2012. so this is very likely the name.
Not sure of the source, it does not match any seed ex lists i have for 2011/12 year.
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Those last pics of endemic French Pulsatilla varieties are giving me hope of finding out what this mystery pulsatilla is. From the SRGC seed ex, the seed was wild collected in Sweden, labeled as P. pratensis ssp. nigricans ...but, obviously not that. Until now, I didn't know any pulsatilla had such fine, needle like foliage that laid on the soil surface. So any suggestions for the identity of these?
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Rick - this looks very like a marvellous small form of P. vulgaris that I have grown under the subspecies name gotlandica; very deep inky violet flowers and the finest of cut foliage virtually at ground level. I had seed of this originally from Richard Bird but I'm not sure where he obtained it - it looks close to the native British form of P. vulgaris which is much smaller and deeply coloured than cultivated forms. We almost lost this after growing and selling many from the nursery but have just one plant beginning to flower again on the sand bed so hope we will be able to raise more again.
(I think the seed may originally have come from Gothenberg Botanic Garden because I know Richard obtained seed from there).
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an acid soil lover Pulsatilla alpina ssp. apiifolia, sowed in august 2012, this seedling flowered now in may 2015, peat soil with sandy grit + lava, watering from time to time with acid water plus some fluid fertilizer for ericaceae plants (rain water plus some vinegar -> ph~3,5)
(Attachment Link) (Attachment Link)
One of my favourites!
I find it doesn't need acid conditions at all in the garden. Mine grow in silty soil between limestone rubble in our garden - soil pH is 7.7.
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i tried to grow P. alpina ssp. apiifolia in the past years and had never success to establish it for a longer time. i used sandy-humus rich soil (without lime). all plants passed away over the years, one plant remained, guess about 5 years old but never flowered. only when i started to use pure peat with non calcareous grit to stabilize the soil i had success. my aim is to keep the soil acid to prevent rotting as this happened in the past years. now i had no more losses, the plants grow quick from seedling size to nearly adult plants in the past 3 years, looking very healthy + as you see the first plant flowered. 8) it's simple to make acid water. i have a 200 L/53 gal rain barrel + mix some vinegar or sulphur acid till ph ~3,5, that's all. i use this also for P. vernalis, P. sugawarai + P. taraoi + stopped rotting especially with taraoi. but i have to say that i have no luck to establish P. occidentalis in this soil. all seedlings rotted quite quick after transplanting...it's a real bastard for me ;D. a few occidentalis germinated this year, using pure peat + i keep the soil acid and they grow, showing their first leaves, but let's see what will happen, when i prick them out from tray. Pulsatilla aurea germinated this year in the same soil condition, keeping acid also + they grow quick + look good as you can see here
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@rick
i agree with tim, that your plants should be P. vulgaris var. gotlandica. grey-wilson put it to P. grandis, but i stay at vulgaris.
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Those last pics of endemic French Pulsatilla varieties are giving me hope of finding out what this mystery pulsatilla is. From the SRGC seed ex, the seed was wild collected in Sweden, labeled as P. pratensis ssp. nigricans ...but, obviously not that. Until now, I didn't know any pulsatilla had such fine, needle like foliage that laid on the soil surface. So any suggestions for the identity of these?
Rick, the most recent offering I can find in the SRGC seedlists for P. pratensis ssp. nigricans from wild coll. seed is from the 64th list for 2010-20111 - No. 5248 - where it is listed as being collected in Austria. This puts a different perspective on the question, I think, if that is the collection your plants came from.
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maybe the seed collector made a mistake? i found this swedish website "den virtuella floran" with all native Pulsatilla species (http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/ranuncula/pulsa/welcome.html) in sweden...vernalis, vulgaris, pratensis (http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/ranuncula/pulsa/pulspra.html) + patens (http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/ranuncula/pulsa/pulspat.html). here the vulgaris site (http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/ranuncula/pulsa/pulsvul.html). this vulgaris photo (http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/ranuncula/pulsa/pulsvul6.jpg) looks similar to rick's plants. so better to say P. vulgaris (from sweden). the gotland variety, as the name says, occurs only on gotland.
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Thanks Tim, Maggi and Greenspan!
My apologies to the SRGC: the seed came from the NARGS seed ex, from a donor in Germany who recorded the seed collection from Oeland, Sweden. The donor collected both partensis and vulgaris from that island that year, and a mix-up could have happened at multiple stages along the way.
I am happy with the more generic ID of P. vulgaris from Oeland, Sweden. The similarity with var. gotlandica might not be unusual there (?), as the Oeland is only 50 miles from Gotland...
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Rick,
according to Mossberg's Nordic Flora P. vulgaris gotlandica is very similar to P. vulgaris vulgris in Sweden. The differences are that var gotlandica has slightly shorter and broader leaf segments, lighter colour of the flower and a stouter stem. It has an easterly distribution and the nearest population is in Estonia.
It's easier to see when the plants are more developed later in the season.
PS. To make it more difficult - all the species seem to cross a little in Sweden!
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Hmm, interesting: if flowers before leaves is the distinguishing characteristic of patens, the Illinois Wildflowers photos certainly show vulgaris.
The color of Pulsatilla patens that you have is the same color we have here.
Hope to hear from others.
It Scandinavia the main difference is that patens flowers before the leaves develop. Moreover the bracts of patens are cut 2/3 down but in vulgaris right down.
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First flower on Pulsatilla rubra ssp hispanica
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Wonderful depth of colour Luc! Will definitely be looking out for wild collected seed of Pulsatilla species in coming years.
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great plant luc. do you know where the seed was collected (pyrenees, picos de europa)? do you have more plants for good seed setting? the rubra ssp. hispanica is my plant of desire. 8)
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Thanks Tim and Greenspan (?).
It comes from the Picos originally and it sets seed freely every year. Let me know if you're interested.
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Luc - I would be very interested in seed. I imagine, like other pulsatillas, fresh sown seed can germinate rapidly. I hope also that our Kent AGS Groups might arrange a visit to your's and other alpine gardens sometime - I must talk to some other members.
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Luc - I would be very interested in seed. I imagine, like other pulsatillas, fresh sown seed can germinate rapidly. I hope also that our Kent AGS Groups might arrange a visit to your's and other alpine gardens sometime - I must talk to some other members.
I'll make a note for the seed Tim, I'll send it to you as soon as harvested. Just send me a pm with your exact address.
As to a visit to my garden, obviously you would be welcome, but don't get overexcited it's not as big as you might think... :-[ ;)
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P. campanella - white and normal forms plus habitat.
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Little charmers, Frazer. No idea why the odd photo shifts sideways- I've rotated it for you.
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How do you tell Pulsatilla vulgaris (Anemone pulsatilla) from Pulsatilla patens (Anemone patens)? As I understand it, there are several different flower colors of each species. Here in Minnesota, we have Pulsatilla patens var. multifida growing in the wild, and it usually has sepals with lavender backs and white fronts (http://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/american-pasqueflower (http://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/american-pasqueflower)). But I have seen pictures of European Pulsatilla patens with darker purple flowers, and the same flower color on the Illinois Wildflowers site (http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/pasqueflower.htm (http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/pasqueflower.htm)).
By the way, I have made contact with the owner of the Illinois Wildflowers site and explained why I believe the photos of the garden-grown plant(s), labelled there as P. patens, are actually P. vulgaris. The site owner agreed, and removed the entry for P. patens (given that the garden-grown P. vulgaris were the only pictures used in it).
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Lori, I'm glad you got the error corrected.
Here are the leaves of one of my native pasqueflowers (Pulsatilla patens var. multifida) in late May. They're very interesting, dark, leathery and slender-lobed and spreading. It's a big old clump, happy with the dry sunny spot next to our steps, in a soil column sandwiched between two pieces of concrete.
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And since I don't think I posted this, here are the buds and flowers in early April. The buds are fuzzy like little chicks, and the sepals are white with veins on the top and light lavender on the bottoms. I have to admit the flowers look a bit messy after they open up fully; I really like the bud stage more. Maybe this isn't the best genetic variant. I've seen some that looked much cuter.
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Looks pretty cute to me. Wouldn't mind having it in my garden.
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From Olga Bondareva :
Pulsatilla leaves
Pulsatilla leaves:
1 Pulsatilla flavescens from Irkutsk
2 P. campanella
3 P. tatewakii
4 P. vulgaris
5 P. nuttaliana
6 P. georgica
7 P. patens
8 P. taraoi
9 P. chinensis
10 P. halleri. 'Budapest'
11 P. pratensis ssp. nigricans
12 P. dahurica
13 P. flavescens
14 P. cernua
15 P. ambigua
16 P. albana
17 Pulsatilla sp. ambigua group
18 P. subslavica
19 Pulsatilla sp. pratensis group
20 P. multifida
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and Pulastilla taraoi, with Susann Nilsson's comment on how to make it happy - "The trick to keep it alive is to grow it in pure vulcanic soil. Very very low pH with a lot of minerals."
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Astragalus, if you'd like to try it (and can't find another source), I can send you seed next June.
Maggi, thanks for posting the wonderful picture of pasqueflower leaves, and please thank Olga too! Does she grow all of those in her garden? That's a truly amazing collection. I should try more species, because the climate in Moscow is fairly similar to Minnesota.
It's fascinating how the leaves vary from a round outline to long, from palmate to pinnate, and the divisions from wide to grasslike.
It looks like my Pulsatilla patens var. multifida is what she labels P. nuttalliana, although her P. multifida is very similar as well. It makes me wonder how these species or varieties are distinguished.
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From Olga Bondareva :
Pulsatilla leaves
Pulsatilla leaves:
1 Pulsatilla flavescens from Irkutsk
2 P. campanella
3 P. tatewakii
4 P. vulgaris
5 P. nuttaliana
6 P. georgica
7 P. patens
8 P. taraoi
9 P. chinensis
10 P. halleri. 'Budapest'
11 P. pratensis ssp. nigricans
12 P. dahurica
13 P. flavescens
14 P. cernua
15 P. ambigua
16 P. albana
17 Pulsatilla sp. ambigua group
18 P. subslavica
19 Pulsatilla sp. pratensis group
20 P. multifida
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What a wonderful and useful image by Olga. Thanks for posting it, Maggi.
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Those leaves were , I believe, all from Olga's garden - and I think she even forgot to add ( or ran out of space on the table) a few more!
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Astragalus, if you'd like to try it (and can't find another source), I can send you seed next June.
I'd love to try it - thank you.
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Maggi, if she wouldn't mind taking the trouble, I'd love to see another image with the missing ones in it!
Astragalus, I've written your request down, and I'll send you a message next June. If anyone else is interested in the North American Pulsatilla patens (or nuttalliana), just let me know.