Scottish Rock Garden Club Forum

General Subjects => Alpines => Topic started by: Roma on January 10, 2015, 01:27:48 PM

Title: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Roma on January 10, 2015, 01:27:48 PM

Quote from: Tim Ingram on January 10, 2015, 12:35:19 PM

    Wouldn't it be lovely to establish Linnaea borealis in the garden? Probably not for us in the dry south-east! A little more research in order :)


Quote
by maggi :   I think quite a lot of us would be ecstatic to be able to have  the exquisite Linnaea borealis in our gardens.  The only people I know with that pleasure are those with gardens very close to, and so benefitting from, its natural habitat and I think that isthe secret.

 I would love to be proved wrong by tales of others growing it  well in cultivation.


Two thriving plants of Linnaea borealis
The first was in Evelyn Stevens' garden near Dunblane in 2008
The other two photos in the garden of Lena Thuresson near Varburg 75k south of Gothenburg
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Maggi Young on January 10, 2015, 01:36:06 PM
Two thriving plants of Linnaea borealis
The first was in Evelyn Stevens' garden near Dunblane in 2008
The other two photos in the garden of Lena Thuresson near Varburg 75k south of Gothenburg

 Fantastic plants!   Bears out my theory, I think - Evelyn's garden is  high on an exposed moorland and I suspect much the same for Lena's?
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Roma on January 10, 2015, 02:18:58 PM
Evelyn's garden has a lot more mature trees now than when I first saw it ?30 years ago so would be fairly sheltered.  Lena's garden is fairly new but is set in mature woodland surrounded by farmland.  I do not think it is very high.
There is ( or was) a large patch of Linnaea borealis at the Cruickshank Garden on well drained soil less than a mile from the sea.  I think I was told it is the American one which is easier to grow than the Scottish native but iit never flowered as well as Evelyn's plant.   
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Robert on January 10, 2015, 02:38:32 PM
Very nice Maggi - thanks. Interesting to see a dark leaved variant like some of the nemorosa forms and the association with other plants such as Panax (some botanists put the Araliaceae and Apiaceae together in one family - they are very close but different enough to make it much more convenient to view them separately). Wouldn't it be lovely to establish Linnaea borealis in the garden? Probably not for us in the dry south-east! A little more research in order :)

Tim,

I'll try to get a photograph of Linnaea borealis this spring. It grows in some of the shaded canyons right here in summer hot and dry El Dorado County, California. This is about the southern limit of its range around here. I'm sure that you are aware that it is quite common here in the mountains of the western U.S.A., often in locations that are quite dry during the summer. Maybe ours are different from the varieties growing in Europe? I've grown it in the garden in the past. It seems to like excellent drainage and some irrigation in our garden, and has been easy to grow in our shaded woodland.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Rick R. on January 10, 2015, 04:00:41 PM
Linnaea borealis grows wild in the northern half of Minnesota, but never in thick mats like shown in gardens on this thread.  All parts of the plant, especially the flowers, seem more refined.  Flowers all face downward, too, rather than haphazard directions.  In Minnesota they usually grow in sparsely populated, bright, dry and open pine understories, in thin soils over basalt/granite outcrops, with a good layer of pine needle duff.  Acid soils, of course. Average precipitation - 24-27 inches per year, USDA zones 2-4.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Leena on January 11, 2015, 06:53:27 AM
Very nice 'Kentish Pink', Roma. I hope mine flowers this spring and is as pink. :)

Blue Anemone trifolia, I would love that. Anne, I hope you got seeds of it and will be able to grow it for sale some day.

We have also Linnea borealis growing here in the forests, but I haven't tried it in the garden. Maybe I should try it, it is a very beautiful plant. Like Rick wrote I haven't seen it forming such thick mats in the nature, it more mingles among other plants and flower stems come up here and there. It grows also here in pine forests, and I think more in places where Rhododendron tomentosum grows in moist ground but Linnea borealis grows in higher clumps (I don't know how to say this in English) so that it doesn't get it's feet wet.

Thank you to the link to Houstonia caerulea thread! There are so many wonderful plants around the world, Houstonia  is very very beautiful.  :) Is it or its seeds ever available in Europe?
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: WimB on January 11, 2015, 09:23:01 AM
I think quite a lot of us would be ecstatic to be able to have  the exquisite Linnaea borealis in our gardens.  The only people I know with that pleasure are those with gardens very close to, and so benefitting from, its natural habitat and I think that isthe secret.

 I would love to be proved wrong by tales of others growing it  well in cultivation.

I've seen it thrive in the garden of a well known Flemish Rock Gardener, not far from where I live (he's the only one I know of who grows this small treasure)...forgot to take a picture...this year, when I go back, I'll make a picture and ask for some growing advice (and for a small piece :-[  :-[ ;) )
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Diane Whitehead on January 15, 2015, 08:57:12 PM
The loveliest patch of Linnaea I saw filled the centre of a huge hollow stump which
held the scent.  It would be wonderful to duplicate the scene.

It is offered for sale here at Thimble Farms.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Hoy on January 15, 2015, 09:12:57 PM
Linnea is quite common around our mountain cabin but not here at the seaside. I am so used to it when I am up there that I never have thought of it as a garden plant. But now I have gotten the idea to try and grow it down her in the garden!

Here are a few old pictures;
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Tony Willis on January 15, 2015, 09:14:55 PM
picture from Mt Rainier Washington State,there was yards of it along every path in the woods
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Hoy on January 15, 2015, 09:16:45 PM


Thank you to the link to Houstonia caerulea thread! There are so many wonderful plants around the world, Houstonia  is very very beautiful.  :) Is it or its seeds ever available in Europe?

Leena, I have a few patches of it in my garden. If they survive the winter I can send you some cuttings in the spring or look for seeds later.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Hoy on January 15, 2015, 09:20:28 PM
picture from Mt Rainier Washington State,there was yards of it along every path in the woods

Tony,

your plant looks a bit different!
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Maggi Young on January 15, 2015, 09:49:24 PM
Subtle differences between the European  and N.  American plants. All quite lovely.

I've given this plant a thread of its  own away from the Anemone thread where it arose. 
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Robert on January 16, 2015, 12:10:29 AM
Linnaea borealis is also found on the hot, dry east side of the Cascade Mountains. It seems common in the Blue Mountains of eastern Washington and Oregon (at least I always came across it), and south into California. I have also seen it growing in the Wallowa Mountains. It certainly has gotten around.  :)
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: johnw on January 16, 2015, 12:58:18 AM
And here it is growing in the very middle of my roadway.  Actually it's in the mossy topping over highly compacted soil, like its companion Chiogenes hispidula they barely root down into the moss but scramble along and in the south frequently running up rotting or mossy trees.

Tony  - I like those glossy leaves on the western form.

johnw 0c
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Leena on January 16, 2015, 07:26:48 AM
Leena, I have a few patches of it in my garden. If they survive the winter I can send you some cuttings in the spring or look for seeds later.

Trond, thank you so much, if you get seeds I would love to try to grow it. :)
I will try also Linnea borealis in the garden when this snow melts. Pictures with it growing in moss and tree logs look so tempting. I think it could look lovely close to Rhododendrons, or under them (though my rhodos are not very big yet, most are seedlings).
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Tim Ingram on January 16, 2015, 07:52:57 AM
After seeing these marvellous pictures of Linnaea (or presumably more correctly Linnea) I had to look for Lincoln Foster's descriptions of it in 'Cuttings from A Rock Garden'. He writes an informative short essay on it and elsewhere recommends planting it with Phlox adsurgens. That would be lovely pairing, the epitome of woodland beauty. We must try to establish it in the garden and the American form sounds to be the one to go for.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Maren on January 16, 2015, 08:36:49 AM
Hi,
plant names always interest me. Here is the relevant entry in the International Plant Names Index (IPNI), maintained by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew:

Plant Name Details
Caprifoliaceae Linnaea borealis L.
Sp. Pl. 2: 631. 1753 [1 May 1753] View page [BHL]
Type Information:
Locality:
"Habitat in Sueciae, Sibiriae, Helvetiae, Canadae sylvis antiquis, muscosis, acerosis, sterilibus, umbrosis."
in English (as if you needed it!! my translation is as approximate as I can get):
it grows in Sweden, Siberia, Switzerland, Canada, in ancient forests, that are mossy, shady, sterile and contain leaf litter.

Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Tim Ingram on January 16, 2015, 10:43:28 AM
I wondered about the name simply because those who live in Scandinavia use the spelling Linnea, but I've always seen it as Linnaea. Lincoln Foster says that 'Jan Fredrik Gronovius, an eminent early botanist, dedicated the European twinflower, Linnaea borealis, to the revered Linnaeus, who was especially fond of this sweetly scented little creeper'.  He finishes with a poem from Ralph Waldo Emerson:

He saw beneath dim aisles, in odorous beds,
The slight Linnaea hang its twin-born heads,
And blessed the monument of the man of flowers,
Which breathes his sweet fame through northern bowers.

I must say I particularly like Trond's picture of the upturned flower as well - a really delightful plant.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Leena on January 16, 2015, 11:30:31 AM
Tim, you are right, and I wrote the name wrong. It is Linnaea borealis also here. :) I didn't check and wrote the name from my memory.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Robert on January 16, 2015, 02:14:59 PM
After seeing these marvellous pictures of Linnaea (or presumably more correctly Linnea) I had to look for Lincoln Foster's descriptions of it in 'Cuttings from A Rock Garden'. He writes an informative short essay on it and elsewhere recommends planting it with Phlox adsurgens. That would be lovely pairing, the epitome of woodland beauty. We must try to establish it in the garden and the American form sounds to be the one to go for.

I wold love to see the combination of Linnaea borealis and Phlox adsurgens. It sounds very good. To the north of here near the Oregon border they seem to like the same general habitat - dry, high open shade, some sort of organic material in or on the soil - however, I have never seen the two plants growing together. For us it would be a tricky combination. Phlox adsurgens has never been easy for us to keep going in the garden.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: ian mcdonald on January 16, 2015, 07:34:35 PM
Hoy, I was once told that to produce seed you need two plants from different clones. It would be interesting to see if your plant produces seed.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Hoy on January 17, 2015, 08:00:57 AM
Hoy, I was once told that to produce seed you need two plants from different clones. It would be interesting to see if your plant produces seed.

My plant? Leena and I speak of Houstonia which I have in my garden and promised her, and Linnaea (which is called linnea in Norwegian and Swedish therefore the spelling "mistake") which grows in abundance at my cabin. No problem with different clones! I think Leena has a lot of "vanamo" in the woods of Finland ;)

Thanks, Tim!
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: brianw on January 17, 2015, 05:41:26 PM
Why is this under "bulbs"? Something I don't know?    [ N.B. edit by maggi : because it was originally  in an Anemone thread]

My first introduction to Twinflower was I think at the Jack Drake Inshriach nursery very many years ago. It grew locally I believe. I did not see it in the wild until 2008 on Flower Pot Island off the coastal town of Tobermory. No not off the Isle of Mull in Scotland, but in Ontario off the northern tip of the Bruce peninsular. (A plant wonderland for those fortunate enough to visit)

Not as sharp as it could be, sorry. But lots through the woodland and almost down to the shore.
In May 2009 I set up what I hoped was suitable growing conditions. A peat bed in a sink, just for this plant, although with a few additions. I had grown a couple of plants from Nargs seed and thought this might be the best I could do in the warm chalky south. The peat blocks are supported by roofing slates at the back.

The sink was in a shady corner of the garden and received good light but no direct sunlight. I found I had to cage it because of the birds. In a couple of years the plants had almost filled the cage and grown through the netting. I had to trim it to get the cage off to weed. I still have the sink, now very weedy and no longer caged, and the Saponaria later was replaced by Mimulus primuloides, but I have never had a flower on the Twinflower. I assume this is because of the lack of sunlight rather than me trimming. Not checked recently to see if any remains. The Mimulus did OK and the Soldanella had a few flowers and were both there last I looked. I tried to get Moneses uniflora going on it too but don’t think I ever had viable seed.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Maggi Young on January 17, 2015, 05:45:28 PM
This thread was split off from an Anemone thread - which is under "bulbs" because of the wide tolerance given here to bulbs, corms, tubers and rhizomes  here in the forum, which extends to all sorts of lumpy , underground storage organs!  And it found itself still in "bulbs" because I was too busy helping members get their seed orders in at the last minute to  fully register that fact!

 I'll move it now  ;)
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Tony Willis on June 12, 2015, 08:07:24 PM
Linnaea borealis running around in one of my frames. Sorry about the quality of the picture but it was taken through dirty glass in order to get near enough to it.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Maggi Young on June 12, 2015, 08:40:32 PM
Linnaea borealis running around in one of my frames.
You lucky dog!
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: John Aipassa on July 10, 2015, 11:58:04 AM
Here is one of my patches. This is the var. americana. I also have the European Linnaea borealis from Sweden.

[attachimg=1]
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Lori S. on July 10, 2015, 04:44:08 PM
This seems like a fitting place to show the most floriferous patch of Linnaea borealis I've ever seen.  It's a very common understory plant through the montane and boreal forest here (Alberta, and western Canada).  This was along the Buller Pass trail in Spray Valley Provincial Park, eastern slope Rockies, Alberta, yesterday, in a sunny clearing along the trail.  (The clearing may have been due to the prescribed burn in 2011 through this area - can't remember if that was the case right at this spot or not, and didn't take any broader photos right here.)
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Maggi Young on July 10, 2015, 04:53:36 PM
Crikey, Lori, that is truly spectacular - never seen anything - or likely to see - anything so marvelous. You've left Ian and I speechless here!
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Hoy on July 11, 2015, 08:07:21 AM
Lori,

That's the finest twinflower I've ever seen! And I do see a lot of them :)
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Gabriel B on July 11, 2015, 06:43:03 PM
I just noticed this thread! I took a few photos of twinflower leaves yesterday. They're growing in a large carpet at Gardens of Rice Creek. I know that another clump is a clone from northern Minnesota, but I don't remember where this one came from. They were blooming in June, but I didn't get any pictures. Now they're sending out long summer shoots. The purple stems and little round shiny leaves are very pretty.

[attachimg=3]

[attachimg=1]

[attachimg=2]
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Hoy on July 12, 2015, 11:56:24 AM
Gabriel, is this the American variety? The leaves look different from the ones here.

Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Gabriel B on July 22, 2015, 06:00:54 PM
Trond, I asked Betty Ann Addison, whose garden the twinflowers are in, and she said they come from up north near Duluth. For people not from Minnesota, that's just above the western tip of Lake Superior. Because of the moderating effect of the lake, the winter temperatures are similar to Minneapolis, but the summers are shorter and cooler. There's also a bit more snow, I think. So yeah, it's an American form, more specifically northern Minnesotan. It's really taken off this year, while another form collected from closer by, just north of the Twin Cities, almost completely died off, though that might just be because it was exposed to winter winds.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Hoy on July 24, 2015, 09:50:48 AM
Some of the plants here grow on fairly exposed sites where thy certainly experience hard frost and wind but most grow in the birchwood where they are protected from the worst of elements.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: ian mcdonald on July 30, 2015, 11:48:46 AM
I have Linnaea in the garden. They have not yet flowered here in Yorks.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Dave Hardy on October 12, 2015, 02:56:05 PM
I have been trying to establish Linnaea borealis in my garden for the last two years. My daughter is named after the flower as it's common name is the twin flower. She is a twin.
I have been trying it in a number of places but still to find an ideal spot that it grows away. I have found that the foliage often goes a bronze colour. Possibly to wet???
Dave
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Hoy on October 13, 2015, 06:13:44 PM
Twinflower never grows wet or in stagnant water although they like a humid habitat. It often grows on moss covered fallen logs and tree stumps. The main roots are in the soil of the forest floor. The soil can be sandy but it is always covered by at least a thin layer of humus and moss.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Maggi Young on November 09, 2015, 02:46:43 PM
Interesting post  by Gabriela copied here from elsewhere in the forum :
I remember seeing a thread showing wonderful images of Linnaea but I don't know where it is and maybe this is a good place to discuss the seeds aspect.
I wonder how many are aware of its self-incompatibility problem and as a result the low seed setting? I just patiently sorted out about 400 fruits - resulting in +/- 75 seeds  ???

[attachimg=1]

I think many people are sowing the dry fruits as 'seeds' and hence report very low germination rates. In Canada and US it is not of conservation concern but the low seed rate and loss of habitat may well in the future change the situation.
Here's a link of interest (from many others): http://www.kew.org/press/wp_twinflower.html (http://www.kew.org/press/wp_twinflower.html)
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Lesley Cox on November 10, 2015, 08:57:52 AM
My own Linnaea (and I think it is the var americana) is coming into full flower now. I'll try for a photo tomorrow though not sure how my camera will handle the tiny flowers. It flowers each year but this year's is best I've seen. It has grown to about a metre across in less than two years and threatens to overtake Asteranthera while engulfing a flat Cotoneaster, itself very vigorous. Mine is in mostly sun but some afternoon shade (about 3 hours in summer) from a smallish Magnolia.
Title: Re: Linnaea borealis
Post by: Gabriela on November 10, 2015, 02:41:11 PM
My own Linnaea (and I think it is the var americana) is coming into full flower now. I'll try for a photo tomorrow though not sure how my camera will handle the tiny flowers. It flowers each year but this year's is best I've seen. It has grown to about a metre across in less than two years and threatens to overtake Asteranthera while engulfing a flat Cotoneaster, itself very vigorous. Mine is in mostly sun but some afternoon shade (about 3 hours in summer) from a smallish Magnolia.

The fruits/seeds in my image were coll. somewhere in the Karelian Isthmus (close to St. Petersburg), so ssp. borealis (or var. borealis). What we have here in Ontario most probably is var./ssp. americana. It takes me about 4 hours to reach a place where it naturally grows; hard to estimate when to go for the seeds.
[attach=1]

It would be interesting if you can monitor and try to collect seeds from your plant (if any). The dry fruits are very tricky, you cannot tell which ones contain seeds
(1/fruit). I placed them in water for a few hours and then slowly pried them open.
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