Scottish Rock Garden Club Forum
Bulbs => Bulbs General => Topic started by: Yann on February 26, 2021, 11:03:23 PM
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Amana edulis (ex Tulipa)
It likes wet soil and a few shade.
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Not in my garden but previous week in Cyprus i found this 4 petals form, i guess turkestanica amond car's rubbish...
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Tulipa bifloriformis in the garden
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Another "cutie" Tulipa
humilis hissarica
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hmm, not humilis ;)
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T. biebersteiniana?
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hmm, not humilis ;)
pff need to go sleeping hihi, hissarica!
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Tulipa kaufmanniana 'Ugam'
Tulipa montana var. chrysantha i hope to catch fully opened this afternoon
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Tulipa cretica, a pure juwel
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Tulipa sylvestris subsp. primulina i collected many years ago in an abandoned fields in Midle Atlas where it grew by thousands.
the feature of this subspecies is the hairy tunics (glabrous for subsp. sylvestris) and the thin stripe (<3mm) on the petals drawn from the ovary to the upper part.
It splited very slowly after several years but nothing compared with the subsp. sylvestris.
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Tulipa sylvestris subsp. primulina i collected many years ago in an abandoned fields in Midle Atlas where it grew by thousands.
Very cute miniature of sylvestris Yann.
T. kaufmanniana 'Ugam' also looks special.
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Tulipa humilis violacea
My earliest tulip which flowered in the last days of March.
It propagates nicely here, unfortunately the flowers only last a couple of days and are already gone.
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Tulipa humilis violacea
My earliest tulip which flowered in the last days of March.
It propagates nicely here, unfortunately the flowers only last a couple of days and are already gone.
This species never last long, i thing it's very sensible to temperatures.
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Might be, conditions are brutally continental out there now in my orchard in the Pannonian hills south of Vienna with hot days exceeding 30°C in the sun and chilly nights below freezing a few days later. Also fully exposed on a south slope with no shade and bone dry thanks to limestone underground. So far I am surprised there is no damage to leaves or flowers but then again tulips are adapted to exactly this environment.
Only violacea flowers starts to shrivel after 2-3 days. Well, at least they produce lots of nice bulbs. I'll test if they bloom longer in my sheltered garden in Vienna next year but there's too much shade for most tulips to thrive.
Ordinary T. humilis from commercial Dutch stock
The flowers appear a few days later but last much longer than humilis violacea. They unfold to a flat star, completely closing every evening while violacea's cup shaped flowers only show very limited movement never fully opening or closing. Maybe that's the reason they're so short lived. I wonder if both really should be considerd the same species.
Tulipa binutans
Curiously the flowers only open for a few hours in the afternoon and remain closed over noon - even in scorching sunlight. Haven't been able to check if they are open in the morning.
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Tulipa ferganica
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Tulipa zenaidae in red from Kyrgiz ridge collected by Aleksandr Naumenko
It does look different from typical zenaidae / lehmanniana but this group appears to be quite variable - as often with tulips.
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Tulipa vvedenskyi x Kursu Dzelts
Tulipa fosteriana self sown
Tulipa clusiana 'Lady jane' that set seedlings all round
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Yann, how long did it take fosteriana from sowing to flowers?
Tulipa humilis alba coerulea oculata from Dutch stock does very well here and multiplies nicely.
However despite a fine mesh fence I do have a mouse problem - look at the leaves.
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Yann, how long did it take fosteriana from sowing to flowers?
Tulipa humilis alba coerulea oculata from Dutch stock does very well here and multiplies nicely.
However despite a fine mesh fence I do have a mouse problem - look at the leaves.
8 years
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Even longer than I had imagined... :-\
Tulipa heweri has also been attacked by mice which ripped off some flowers, but fortunately there are so many it does not even matter. An excellent and prolific Dutch selection, though it looks a bit overbred for my taste. Then again I guess all material comes from Grey-Wilson's and Hewer's single Afghan collection in the 70s so I wonder - are there even distinct clones in culture?
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Some photos of Tulips in his collection from Janis Ruksans in Latvia
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Tulipa cf. biflora 12KZ-090 - from Kazahstan
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Tulipa biflora aff 12KZ-059
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Tulipa kaufmanniana seedling with semi-double flowers -
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Tulipa kurdica - from Iraq Kurdistan
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Tulipa humilis WHIR-111 -Iran, Kuh-e Sendan Dag, alt. 2395 m
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more Tulips from Janis' collection
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Tulipa polychroma WHIR-108 - with purple ovary - Iran, between Aftar and Gur Sefid, alt. 1730 m
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Tulipa dasystemon Kugart, Kirghizia
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New Tulipa species from Iran - its publication is in process.
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This beautiful Tulipa kaufmanniana I got from Bishkek Botanical garden as Tulipa ferganica
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Tulipa hissarica from Tajikistan - has up to 4 flowers on stem and can vary in height. Usually earliest and shortest form still not started blooming, season is quite strange.
There are more photos from Janis of tulips and other bulbs in this thread :
https://www.srgc.org.uk/forum/index.php?topic=18458.0
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Tulipa humilis alba coerulea oculata from Dutch stock does very well here and multiplies nicely.
They are beautiful anyway. Good to hear that they do multiply.
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Tulipa eichleri from Dutch stock
There is some confusion between T. eichleri Hort. commonly found in commerce and the one naturally occurring in the Caucasus region. Of unknown origin and in cultivation for more than a century the first is supposed to be quite different from T. eichleri in the wild (which is closely related to or a synonym of T. undulatifolia) and most likely some other species. According to Diana Everett, T. eichleri Hort. may be T. affinis / fosteriana or even belong to Neotulipae. Christenhusz (2013) placed it in T. agenensis s.l.
Note the blotch and yellow rim on the inner tepals in my plants ends in a horizontal line forming a 'radioactive' sign while being convex in the outer tepals.
I have seen this clone in both pictures designated as the cultivated and wild version so I am a bit at loss here.???
According to D. Everett there is a lot of variation in the blotches of plants she encountered in the wild but they all look different from mine.
Janis offers T. eichleri from seeds collected in Caucasus with exactly the same blotches as mine so it appears to be the real deal.
http://rarebulbs.lv/index.php/en/catal/product/view/1/7673
According to Curtis Botanical Magazine, T. eichleri Hort. does look very much like T. agenensis.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/436175#page/199/mode/1up
In any case a spectacular plant flowering in the brightest red imaginable.
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Tulipa doerfleri like my heavy clay
Tulipa whittallii from seeds i collected 15 or so years ago in Outer Mani.
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Very nice, Yann!
If you ever have any bulbs of those two to spare, please let me know! :)
Meanwhile another pleasant surprise - Tulipa stapfii from Dutch stock
The bulbs were ridiculously cheap for such beautiful and unusual plants. The flowers are rather small but the deep red color is amazing in contrast to the black blotch, bright violet pollen and turquoise undulate leaves with purple rim. Definitely one of my favorite species.
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I planted a few Tulipa clusiana in the autumn, and they have opened very nicely now we are at last getting a bit of warmth.
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'Apeldoorn Elite' is a very nice Darwin tulip that I have grown for years without lifting.
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Another nice long-lived Dutch tulip.
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Last week Tulipa humilis ‘Red Beauty’ opened. It was a gift and defenitly a nice surprise. Thanks Hein[attach=1][attach=2]
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Plenty tulips in the collection of Janis Ruksans, including some of his most successful introductions see here : https://www.srgc.org.uk/forum/index.php?topic=18458.msg421387#msg421387
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Most tulips are not really popular with pollinators here but Tulipa clusiana 'Chitral Vale' / aitchisonii clusianoides are an exception and attract masses of white spotted rose beetles (Oxythyrea funesta) which devastate the flowers by gnawing off the stamina.
Very nice plants with probably the most interesting of all tulip flower blotches but honestly I see no difference between these two clones - except for the price tag. ::)
They look the same, flower at the same time and attract the same pollinators.
They are however fundamentally different from the usual T. clusiana which forms larger plants with thinner, longer flowerstalks, smaller flowers and blooms several weeks later.
Zonneveld (2009) confirmed findings from Sir Daniel Hall (1940) that T. aitchisonii / Chitral Vale are diploids in contrast to other clusiana clones from the wild including the yellow var. chrysantha / f. diniae being tetraploids. The usual garden form of T. clusiana found in commerce and widely distributed in Europe is pentaploid and probably a single clone. To make things even more complicated there are also triploid crosses from diploid and tetraploid forms like 'Tubergen's Gem'.
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Tulipa saxatilis ssp. bakeri has been a strong performer. Grown from seed planted in 2010.
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Tulipa butkovii, intense red
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Tulipa butkovii, intense red
Nice form and colour, the association is quite original for a tulip !
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The only other tulip to attract white spotted rose beetles (Oxythyrea funesta) was Tulipa ×tschimganica, a natural hybrid between T. dubia und T. kaufmanniana from Kyrgizstan.
They're comparably big tulips and not as compressed as most of the species in my orchard.
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If you don't like hybrids you should look away now. I went to Arundel Castle on Wednesday, a cold, dull day but 60,000 tulips have a mesmerizing effect!
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They also have a magical cork oak;
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and the best stumpery I've seen;
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That's amazing! :o
Are they replanting all the tulips each year or are they naturalized?
I live next to Schönbrunn Park in Vienna and sadly they are doing basically nothing with tulips and spring flowers anymore. They just leave the flower beds empty half of the year and the flower arrangements for summer are not spectacular either. It's a shame.
Here my Kolpakowskianae, T. iliensis and 'kolpakowskiana'.
All very similar, almost impossible to tell apart and likely mislabeled as well. T. kolpakowskiana in commerce is said to be a different species, but some taxonomists group all these under T. altaica anyway. My iliensis is a bit smaller and flowers a few days later but it's nothing significant.
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Tulipa ferganica (?) is not much different, yet I have two distinct clones from Kyrgizstan.
'Fergana Ridge' looks exactly like kolpakowskiana and iliensis plant-wise but the flowers are narrower and never open more than half-way.
'Arslanbob' is much more erect with broader leaves, more greenish compared to the others which have almost turquoise foliage. It flowers more than 3 weeks later when the others are already gone. Flowers look the same though and I see no difference in filaments or ovary in any of these kolpakowskianae to be honest.
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finally a flower of Tulipa aximensis! it makes bulbils more easily than flowers ...
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That's amazing! :o
Are they replanting all the tulips each year or are they naturalized?
I assume they replace them each year - it looks as though last year they had just red tulips where this year they are interspersed with Narcissus 'Thalia'.
https://www.arundelcastle.org/event/tulip-festival-2021/
I like the wavy leaves on your T. iliensis.
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Here many tulip species produce strongly undulate / crispate leaves which apparently is an inducible adaption to high irradiation and drought and not just a genetically fixed trait. Also even within clonal plants some may produce wavy leaves and some straight, while growing next to each other. Some environmental signal must trigger the alternative leaf shape but I cannot see any pattern. Grown in shade many species generally appear to produce less wavy leaves though.
Together with the highly hydrophobic surface it is thought that crispate leaves help to collect water from dew and mist and channel it towards the stem, irrigating the bulb. The waves also may function as 'cooling ribs' and help to prevent overheating of the leaf surface in scorching sunlight, similar to the famous ribs in T. regelii from the deserts of Kazakhstan. And last but not least a wavy or folded leaf only exposes a fraction of its surface to sun at any time, effectively shading itself.
In any case it's not a useful feature for taxonomy, in many populations plants with and without wavy leaves can be found.
Speaking of variability, anther and filament size and color often isn't of much help either.
Look at these 3 flowers of Tulipa ostrowskiana. They are from seeds collected in Trans Ili range, Kyrgizstan and display considerable variation even though they do not just belong to the same species but the same local population.
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Tulipa hungarica (syn. urumoffii) from Konjavska Planina, western Bulgaria.
It differs significantly from T. hungarica in its locus classicus along the Danube in southwest Romania which has black anthers and also from descriptions of T. urumoffii which has a different much stronger lobed stigma.
Like with many tulips there is ongoing discussion whether several similar and mostly red 'species' from Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania and northern Greece like T. rhodopea and T. urumoffii all belong to T. hungarica and if they are natural species or neo-tulipae.
From Christenhusz (2013)
This rounded yellow tulip is probably closely allied to T. ×gesneriana and may be one of the parents or may also be a hybrid. It is possible that this taxon escaped during Ottoman occupation of the area. Its origin is unknown and it is therefore often treated as a neo-tulipa, and, if done so, these taxa may be treated under a separate Cultivar Group.
In contrast to the T. scardica group from the balcans no phylogenetic study seems to have been performed on T. hungarica s.l.
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Two different clones of Tulipa cretica from Achanes and Heraklion, both are rose - colored and relatively small.
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Tulipa greigii from Trans Ili Alatau, Kyrgyzstan
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My Tulipa ingens produce huge and often aberrant flowers with 8 or 12 petals and stamens as well as a multi-lobed stigma. Is this normal for this species?
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Very similar yet with distinct blotch and petal shape - Tulipa lanata
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Tulipa galatica, a pale yellow form of T. armena from Amasya, N-Turkey
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Nice edge waves, nit a tulip species expert but is this feature present in other tuilpa species?
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Yes, a lot of unrelated Tulip species produce these wavy leaves, they can be found basically everywhere except for sect. Eriostemones (the group containing biflora, humilis and sylvestris relatives) and are an adaption which varies both by clone and environmental conditions.
I've written about it here:
https://www.srgc.org.uk/forum/index.php?topic=18362.msg421814#msg421814
For comparison see Tulipa montana chrysantha which looks a lot like T. galatica despite being from a completely different section. T. galatica is sect. Tulipa, T. montana is sect. Clusianae.
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Yes, a lot of unrelated Tulip species produce these wavy leaves, they can be found basically everywhere except for sect. Eriostemones (the group containing biflora, humilis and sylvestris relatives) and are an adaption which varies both by clone and environmental conditions.
I've written about it here:
https://www.srgc.org.uk/forum/index.php?topic=18362.msg421814#msg421814
The effect of growing conditions is interesting Christian, and I've been admiring the 'authentic' form of your plants. Here the same species look very different. Although day length in spring is rather similar throughout Europe, light intensity probably differs quite a bit. However I wonder whether Austria's more 'continental' climate might be the key factor that makes tulips (and probably other Central Asian or Anatolian geophytes) look more 'natural' than they ever do here.
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I've been pondering for quite a while now Ashley.
And I've come to the conclusion that avoiding shade and ensuring maximum exposure to direct sunlight is probably by far the most important factor.
Remember my orchard is in an extreme location on a south slope overlooking the pannonian plain with nothing obstructing the horizon from northeast to west. And even towards the northwest and north it's marginal. So I have almost the maximal theoretically obtainable sunlight from sunrise to about half an hour before sunset in spring as well as diffuse radiation from the entire sky. Absolutely zero shade, nothing in the way.
I do not think actual climate is that much relevant as long as you have full sun and good drainage. We're in the coolest wettest and cloudiest spring of the past 25 years with truly 'British' weather for most of April and May, yet tulips did very well, exhibiting the usual compressed growth and wavy leaves. In my relatively shady garden in Vienna tulips look completely different and often do not even produce flowers.
Regarding latitude and potential solar irradiation surprisingly there is less difference between southern Ireland and eastern Austria in March-April when tulips are growing than one would expect. The difference is mostly in the summer months.
You can play around with tools designed for photovoltaic power generation assessments like this:
https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvg_tools/en/#PVP
For an average April in Cork, Ireland you have 80% of global horizontal solar radiation and 76% of direct normal solar radiation (at right angle to sun without diffuse light) compared to my location in eastern Austria. The latter difference is a bit larger because you have more cloud cover and thus more diffuse light which is not taken into account with this measurement.
That goes for the entire growing season of spring geophytes.
Mar-May average monthly horizontal global radiation: 115 vs. 140 kWh/m² (82%)
Mar-May average monthly direct normal radiation: 95 vs. 120 kWh/m² (80%)
Ireland loses a lot of potential direct solar irradiation on long cloudy summer days but it's not that relevant in spring. You still have about 25% less sunshine hours than Vienna in spring according to Wikipedia climate tables but again it's not that prominent compared to summer when it gets really sunny hot and dry here.
Same for many natural tulip habitats, irradiation is not that extreme in spring during geophyte growth where the sun is still low and cloud cover is not uncommon. Amasya in N-Turkey where T. galatica is from has more or less identical irradiation levels as my place for Mar-May. Southern high altitude or desert habitats may receive up to 1/3 more irradiation in spring than Ireland though.
So even though you cannot get the 'baking' conditions many tulips love during dormancy in summer and have to shield them from rain or take them out alltogether, regarding spring sunlight there should be enough in Ireland and Britain - if you can avoid shade. Even if the sun is lower or behind clouds that's still magnitudes more irradiation than in full shade.
Other factors like wind or day-night temperature difference do not seem to matter much, I have grown some tulips under intense LED light in my cellar where I overwinter potted plants like cacti and citrus and they turned out even sturdier than the ones outdoor. You just need an insane amount of light but it's possible. Not very economic though.
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Tulipa linifolia - a close relative of T. montana with the same crispate leaves.
Barely 15cm high and with similarly sized flowers in the brightest red imaginable it is one of my favorite species.
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That makes sense Christian, and thank you for making the comparison.
In spring most of my garden is shaded for at least part of the day so it's probably more realistic just to enjoy 'in character' tulips like yours here on the Forum ;D
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There's always some trade-off, I cannot grow anything which needs ample water in summer, only drought tolerant plants. Tulips are ideal.
Flowering is over except for the ridiculously late T. sprengeri but I still have some photos.
Tulipa orphanidea flava and Tulipa whitallii
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Also belonging to the orphanidea group but much more colorful - Tulipa hageri
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Tulipa ulophylla
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Tulipa ulophylla
Nice and acaule, What else ?
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The flowers literally emerged from below earth, within a funnel of leaves.
My second latest tulip which flowered in mid May - Tulipa agenensis. The lastest is of course T. sprengeri which flowered in early June (!) but I missed it as I did not regularly visit the orchard because of the heat.
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Tulipa sprengeri a week ago, now it is over.
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Our "second" tulip is Tulipa cretica
(the first was T. orthopoda but I missed it!)
cheers
fermi
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1) Tulipa clusiana in bud
2 & 3) Tulipa clusiana 'Lady Jane'
4) Tulipa clusiana
5) Tulipa clusiana 'Tinka'
cheers
fermi