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General Subjects => Blogs and Diaries => Topic started by: Robert on January 06, 2018, 06:16:10 AM

Title: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 06, 2018, 06:16:10 AM
edit by maggi : Robert's first comments refer to questions asked re his final posting  from 2017 :
http://www.srgc.net/forum/index.php?topic=15043.msg386011#msg386011 (http://www.srgc.net/forum/index.php?topic=15043.msg386011#msg386011)

Arturo,

The irresponsible gun totting people are shooting on private land that is adjacent to the public Forest Service land. In the past there was mining activity on this property and the scares on the land might be very old. The laws and regulations regarding firearms apply to both public and private land; the only difference is the jurisdiction. The Forest Service has jurisdiction on Forest Service land while the El Dorado County Sherriff has jurisdiction on private land. The Forest Service has only one law enforcement officer for the Placerville district (where this is located). The gun totting people are not very bright because the last thing they would want to deal with is the El Dorado County Sherriff’s department, who when necessary can show up with numbers and force. They are a long distance away, but when they are called in, it is not pretty for the abusive gun totters.

Arturo and Ian,

As distressing as the garbage is, this activity is dwarfed by the destruction I am currently witnessing in the forest. Read the following report. This was a painful experience for me. I hope that I can get my point across despite my current feelings and distress.



[attachimg=1]

Today, 5 January, I was able to spend a short time on Peavine Ridge. The weather was overcast with much needed rain showers building to the west. Only the highest peaks still have a light dusting of snow on them. Under “normal” conditions there should have been snow where I was standing. It has been far too warm and dry.

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The temperatures have been extremely mild through the autumn then into the early winter. It was a balmy 54 F (12.2 C) at 4,570 feet (1,393 meters) where I took this photograph of Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. mewukka in full bloom. The temperatures are so mild even the Bumble Bees, Subfamily Bombinae, were active on the blossoms.

[attachimg=3]

I quickly checked on some important plants in this area before the rain started to fall.

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I was stabbed in the heart when I saw the destruction that was occurring in the “forest”. This sort of ‘brush clearing – fire brakes’ was occurring for miles in every direction. It is just like the Amazonian rainforest – the biodiversity is being stripped from the region and is being replaced by a monoculture of highly uniform conifers. In Amazonia it is soybeans and cattle grazing land; here it is one species of genetically similar pine trees. The region is dying!

[attachimg=5]

Last spring I found some highly unusual forms of Lathyrus lanszwertii var. aridus growing near this site. Now they have been completely destroyed. Other species have been highly impacted by this method of forestry. Viola lobata, low elevation forms of Calochortus minimus and Lilium washingtonianum ssp. washingtonianum are a few that come to my mind, but there are many others.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 06, 2018, 06:18:06 AM
[attachimg=1]

These are only two of the numerous machines that are being used to ‘clear the brush’ or ‘create a fire breaks’.

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A close up of another machine that was parked a mile or two down the road.

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The ‘box’ in the front of this tractor is full of herbicides. The red cylinder in the front is where the hose is coiled. The spray nozzle can be seen hanging in the front (yellow object). What survives the brush clearing machines is sprayed into oblivion. Nothing is meant to live in this environment except the designated conifers.

Sadly there is next to nothing I can do about this type of forestry. It is truly in “the hands of G_d”. I will continue to document the events, the outcome and the plants. There are already organizations involved in saving the rare and endemic plants in this area. Personally, I have many additional concerns regarding the fragmentation of plant populations, genetic isolation of populations and the various unique traits observed within many of the species that are not considered rare or endemic (to name only a few additional concerns). I hope that I can redouble my efforts the save those that I consider the most vulnerable and genetically significant, via cuttings or seed. This project is vastly beyond my means, but I will do what I can even if it is only emptying the ocean with a teaspoon.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on January 06, 2018, 08:00:09 AM
Robert,

this is a sad story but not unique I'm afraid. In Argentina I did see big pine plantations with nothing growing among the pine trees. The pines also spread by seed all around and outcompete native trees like Araucaria.

Here in Norway several foreign trees are used in plantations. Among them is Picea sitchensis which spread a lot at the west coast. The sitka spruce forests grow so dense that almost nothing, not even moss, grows there.

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: ian mcdonald on January 06, 2018, 11:54:20 AM
Unfortunately, profit comes first and last before any consideration of native diversity in any habitat that is used by man. It costs nothing to say no to destruction but the people making decisions are not interested in saving wildlife.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 06, 2018, 02:32:51 PM
Ian, and Trond

I have been watching the plunder of the forest in El Dorado County since the 1960’s. Back in 1965 there was a section of Ice House road that was the “Tunnel of Trees”. The Sugar Pines, Pinus lambertiana, were huge and ancient (old growth) along this section of the road. They were all logged out between 1965 and 1975.  This was the first logging boom I witnessed in El Dorado County. During this same period of time the dirt road into my father’s cabin was realigned, paved, and extended to the canyon rim above the Rubicon River. A few campgrounds were put in, but the rest of the land was plundered for its lumber, sometimes even clear cut. The scares are everywhere and they are not healing.

Sometime in the 1980’s I started recording plants in the area. I was not intending to document anything, I just wanted to know where certain plants grew and write things down. This coincided with the timber operation in the vicinity of Long Meadow. Before the meadow was destroyed, I recorded Trillium albidum at Long Meadow. I know that Trillium albidum must still grow in El Dorado County, however I have not seen it since the 1980’s. I get out a lot these days. I speculate that their numbers must be very low and its distribution extremely fragmented.

Sadly through the 1990’s, my records started to show a pattern of widespread destruction of habitats (even wetlands), despite “words” to the contrary even from government officials. Since the new regime took power in the U.S.A. (2017) the destruction has accelerated to a level I have never seen before. Two known rare plants live on Peavine Ridge, Navarretia prolifera ssp. lutea and Calochortus clavatus var. avius. From what I am currently observing, it is my suspicion that the timber corporation is attempting to destroy all life on their land (except the pine trees) so their activities on the land will not be limited in some way by the presence of an endangered species. Their scorched earth policy certainly has the blessing of the current regime. Sadly, in some places I am currently witnessing the exact same destructive practices taking place on public land (unless there has been a land swap that I am not aware of).

What I find ironic is that if I was discovered harming (in their mind) even one tiny commonly found plant I might be arrested and/or fined; yet the widespread destruction of everything proceeds as though nothing is wrong at all. You are correct, it is just business as usual. It is all about maximizing profits at the expense and abuse of everything else. There is no desire to find common ground, make even make small concessions, or consider other ideas.

I know there is nothing I can do, however it might help myself feel better if I can save at least one or two tiny plants that might advance horticulture in some good way; wishful thinking on my part to ease the pain.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 07, 2018, 03:58:29 PM
[attachimg=1]

Yesterday, 6 December, I traveled to the Georgetown Divide in northern El Dorado County, California to check on several interesting sites. The Georgetown Divide runs east west and is bordered on the north by the canyon of the Rubicon River. The divide is bisected by a number of watercourses, the largest of which is Pilot Creek.

My first stop was habitat of Lilium parvum var. hollidayi (pictured).

[attachimg=2]

Back in the 1990’s this habitat was reasonably healthy and the pink, El Dorado County endemic, Lilium parvum var. hollidayi was fairly abundant. During the early 2000’s several blunders were made in the management of this habitat that severely impacted the lily population. The problems were corrected and the lilies now have a better opportunity to survive.

Another irresponsible error was made when a person decided to use some of the existing lilies as a seed parent in situ (or at least this was their claim). Foreign pollen was introduced; the resulting seedpods were unlabeled and forgotten. The seed dispersed along the watercourse. To date, I have not been able to determine the impact, if any, on this site. Regardless, this action was high irresponsible and could have had a negative impact on this population.

It had been a little over a year since I last visited this site. I found only one standing dry lily stem, a vast reduction from my last visit. There are other nearby lily sites I can visit that are much more isolated. Hopefully, I will find many more plants at these sites.

[attachimg=3]

My next stop was the site of the 2014 King Fire. This is a view of the Rubicon River canyon. This section of the canyon was severely damaged by the fire. In the foreground all the regrowth after the fire was sprayed with herbicides and is dead and brown.

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A timber company privately owns major portions of the land in this area. Most of the standing timber on their properties has been removed, however there are still a few small sections where there are still standing dead burned-out snags.

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Most of the private forestland looks like this. Not only were the dead trees removed, but in addition, herbicides were sprayed over the entire area.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 07, 2018, 04:01:23 PM
[attachimg=1]

New conifer seedlings have been planted on the private forestland. Where I checked, only one species had been planted, most likely Ponderosa Pine, Pinus ponderosa.

[attachimg=2]

All other growth is being completely suppressed by herbicides. After the King Fire I visited a site where Viola lobata was still growing abundantly. This population has been sprayed into oblivion and no longer exists.

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Another view of the private timberland. Scenes like this go on for miles in every direction.

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The native vegetation did resprout after the fire, but this regrowth was sprayed with herbicides. Some of the plants, in this case Arctostaphylos patula, still have some signs of life after the herbicide applications.

[attachimg=5]

The Ceanothus cordulatus in the foreground is an evergreen species. Here the herbicide application was highly effective. Unfortunately, many non-native invasive species are recovering quickly after the herbicide applications and propagating rapidly.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 07, 2018, 04:03:07 PM
[attachimg=1]

Despite the fact that the timber company is attempting to suppress all new growth on their lands, except the conifer seedlings, there is hope. The U.S. Forest Service manages the public lands in a variety of ways. Here on this Forest Service plot you can see the regenerative power of nature. Arctostaphylos patula, Ceanothus cordulatus and Prunus emarginata have all regrown and are thriving on this site. There are many other native species growing on this plot too. As I can, I hope to return to observe more precisely the natural regenerative process. It will be interesting to see the make up of the plant communities after the fire and how they evolve over time if left undisturbed.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 08, 2018, 03:56:17 PM
[attachimg=1]

Yesterday, I traveled into the Sierra Nevada in the southern portion of El Dorado County, California to see where the snowline was located. December 2017 was extremely dry and unseasonably warm. In addition, the storms that have impacted our region have been very warm with very high snow levels. In this photograph the snowline can be seen across the Crystal Range at about 7,500 to 8,000 feet (2,286 to 2,438 meters).

At the El Dorado County farm, the precipitation to date is 9.50 inches (241 mm). Average precipitation to date is 14.21 inches (361 mm) so we well below average to date. As I write an intense storm is starting to impact our region. Heavy precipitation is forecast, but unfortunately snow levels are still expected to be very high.

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I encountered the first traces of snow at 6,100 feet (1,859 meters). As I continued up the road there were only scattered sites with traces of snow. Finally at 6,850 feet (2,088 meters) I encountered a bit more snow on the roadway, however there was no snow in the forest (pictured).

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At 6,950 feet (2,118 meters) there was a little more snow on the road. I decided to stop and check on the vegetation at this site.

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The flower buds on the nascent inflorescences of Greenleaf Manzanita, Arctostaphylos patula, were still tight. As I reported last week, some of the Manzanita species at approximately 5,000 feet (1,525 meters) are in full bloom. Manzanitas bloom early in the season, but this is still an unusual situation.

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All of the “alpine” species I observed at this site were still dormant despite having no snow cover and the warm daytime temperatures. This Eriogonum umbellatum var. polyanthum (pictured) is looking distressed, however this is typical for this species during the winter.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 08, 2018, 03:58:57 PM
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Eriophyllum lanatum var. integrifolium was growing abundantly on south facing road cuts.

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Penstemon roezlii is a commonly seen species at this elevation.

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Many of the Lupinus grayi I saw looked ready for spring.

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Many seedlings were seen and appeared to be actively growing - slowly. The little seedlings are very tough. If the snow returns this season they will be quite fine until it melts in the spring.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 09, 2018, 04:39:00 AM
When the opportunity arises, I will share some of the highlights from a few of my past outings, well before I started this botanical diary.

California has been thoroughly explored, and continues to be explored, by many talented plant explorers, botanist, and other skilled, adventuresome, professional individuals. Fortunately, when one gets down to the fine details, there is plenty “left on the table” to interest someone fascinated by our native plant species.

Below are some of the highlights from my 29 March 2004 outing to the Middle Fork of the Feather River in Butte and Plumas Counties, California.

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The Middle Fork of the Feather River cuts through the northern end of the Sierra Nevada Mountains where the Sierra Nevada transition to the southern Cascade Range. It is a beautiful picturesque region with many outstanding and fascinating native plant species. Unlike the Middle Fork of the Feather River and portions of the West Branch of the Feather River, access to this region is easy as a major highway follows the course of the river through the mountains.

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The geology of the region is quite varied and interesting. East of Jarbo Gap the highway descends steeply into the canyon of the Middle Fork of the Feather River. Here among the layers of slates and schists are large sections of serpentinite.

[attachimg=3]

Many interesting plants species can be found growing on serpentinite and serpentiniate derived soils and here there is no exception. If one knows where to look among the rocky outcrops, Erythronium multiscapideum ‘Cliftonii’ and Calochortus tolmiei can be found. In addition, this portion of the Western Jurassic Terrane extends northward into the region of the West Branch of the Feather River where additional noteworthy species can be found (another outing).

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This territory may be “tame” compared to the Middle Fork of the Feather River, however the terrain still deserves respect. There are plenty of cliff faces and treacherous areas to negotiate while exploring the canyon slopes.

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I discovered this area quite by accident. During the 1970’s and early 1980’s my fishing pal George and I would travel this route in search of the ultimate trout fishing hole. On one early season trip, I noticed some out-of-place looking plants blooming on the canyon slopes. This stuck in my mind until I eventually returned to the site during the spring to see what plant species produced these flowers. They turned out to be Rhododendron occidentale. On the 15 April 2002, I stopped at this site to explore the area thoroughly. There was much that interested me, however it was not until 29 March 2004 that I was able to return and work out more of the details.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 09, 2018, 04:41:41 AM
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I ended up making a number of selections of the best Western Azaleas, Rhododendron occidentale, from this site. This one I call ‘First Contact’ as it was the first superior azalea that I encountered after I scaled a cliff.

[attachimg=2]

‘Cream-pink’ was another selection.

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This selection, named ‘Cliff White’, grew on the upper edge of a cliff face. It was a beautiful plant that I did not want to miss. I had to carefully lower myself down the face of a steep, semi-crumbling rock sheet to reach this plant. Fortunately there were some strong branches to hang on to and I could use the base of the azalea to prevent myself from sliding off the cliff into thin air. A photograph from this position was impossible, so I took a few samples with blossoms for photography and used the parts as cuttings, which easily rooted.

[attachimg=4]

The last selection I named ‘Early Bird’, as all the clones bloom 6 to 8 weeks before Rhododendron occidentale normally blooms in this region. All the clones have been tested both at our Sacramento home as well as at the Placerville farm. They all thrive in 40 C weather, have brilliant scarlet autumn color if given adequate sunlight, and consistently bloom 6 weeks before our other forms of Rhododendron occidentale in our gardens.

Over the decades I have been able to explore many selection of this vast territory. Along other portions of the canyon species such as Fritillaria recurva, Lilium humdoldtii, Arctostaphylos muwukka ssp. truei, interesting forms of the Lilium pardalinum complex, and many other choice species can be found.

Given my current situation I can only return to this region occasionally. With the help of G_d, things will change, as there is a tremendous amount of good work that could be done in this area. My current preference is to return to the West Branch of the Feather River. Access is limited, the terrain is extremely difficult, and there are very few visitors to the West Branch, which makes it perfect territory for me to explore in detail. In addition, George (when he was alive) and I explored this area thoroughly during the 1970’s and early 1980’s.

There are other early adventures I would like to share and there is a great deal of follow up work for me to do in this region as well as right here in El Dorado County.

Until then……
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: GordonT on January 09, 2018, 11:55:11 AM
Robert, your photos of Rhododendron occidentale brought to mind an article I read last year about the diversity of plants located at Stagecoach Hill (near Big Lagoon off of Hwy 101). Have you visited there? I've developed an interest in the deciduous Rhodos lately, and found the article in the Journal of the American Rhododendron Society, quite fascinating. I wonder if there are other sites in the state that display as much genetic diversity. Of course the other question I have in the back of my head is if any clone of R. occidentale could survive here when our temps plunge to -16C for a week or two at a time.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: fermi de Sousa on January 09, 2018, 01:02:53 PM
...Rhododendron occidentale ..... Of course the other question I have in the back of my head is if any clone of R. occidentale could survive here when our temps plunge to -16C for a week or two at a time.
Funnily enough I was wondering if any of them would survive the heat here ;D
cheers
fermi
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: GordonT on January 09, 2018, 01:58:42 PM
Fermi, between the heat of Australia, and the winter cold here, if we mashed them together, we might come up with a perfect environment! ;D ;D
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 09, 2018, 02:01:11 PM
Gordon,

I visited Stage Coach Hill back in the late 1970's after I heard a discussion on the Azaleas of Stagecoach Hill by Frank Mossman at a meeting of the California Horticultural Society. I tried growing some of the Smith-Mossman clones in our Placerville garden. They did very poorly, disliking our summer heat. The few that survived long enough to bloom, did not bloom true-to-form. The colors were washed-out and looked more-or-less like any R. occidentale from the hot interior of California. There are genetic as well as environmental components to the equation.

Since then I have put considerable effort into finding unusual forms of Rhododendron occidentale that thrive in interior California. I have done this for decades. The above report is an example of some of my results to date. I have other clones from other sites in interior California.

To answer your question, forms of Rhododendron occidentale from high elevations of the Sierra Nevada are cold hardy to -16 C. They endure conditions like this from time-to-time during extreme cold weather events in the Sierra Nevada.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: johnw on January 09, 2018, 02:13:59 PM
Of all the occidentale I tried here in Halifax only one seedling from Smith & Mossman #404 proved somewhat reliable.  It did freeze back somewhat two or three times over the years when we had a rare -18c but quickly recovered.  The fragrance is exceptional.

Quite frankly in my opinion the Japanese deciduous azalea species are hardier, elegant & more rewarding.

johnw
3c & overcast
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 09, 2018, 02:17:49 PM
Fermi,

All the Rhododendron occidentale clones that I have selected thrive even when the weather gets hot. Since I planted some of the clones in our Sacramento garden we have had temperatures in excess of 44 C. All the clones endured this weather without any leaf burn or other undesirable effects. Some of the clones were growing with considerable sun exposure. In there native habitat, the Feather River forms routinely endure 44 C weather during the summer. Some clones, such as 'Cliff White' were found growing in full sun.

Clearly the Rhododendron genome is quite diverse. This is one reasons I am very concerned about the plunder of our natural environment and the loss of genetic diversity. At this time I am putting a tremendous effort in identifying unique and useful characteristics within the genome of many of our California native species and doing what I can to save examples of this diversity. Horticulture could benefit greatly.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 09, 2018, 02:48:03 PM
Fermi and Gordon,

Gardener’s in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S.A. have been very infatuated with the Smith-Mossman clones of Rhododendron occidentale for decades. They seem very nice indeed, however they perform very poorly in interior California where the weather gets hot. Stagecoach Hill rises above Big Lagoon with the Pacific Ocean just beyond Big Lagoon. Stagecoach Hill is less than a mile from the Pacific Ocean and is within the summer fog belt. Temperatures are extremely mild both summer and winter. Wintertime low temperatures rarely fall below -4 C; summertime high temperatures rarely rise above 24 C.

The race of Rhododendron occidentale from interior California is genetically different from those that grow within the summer fog belt. They clearly belong to the same species, however there are clear differences too. I have spent decades studying the interior populations of Rhododendron occidentale. To date, there has been very little interest in them. I have satisfied myself that they are excellent ornamental plants for hot – dry climates, not a region where there is keen interest in Rhododendrons in general.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on January 09, 2018, 08:29:51 PM
Robert,

I grow many rhododendrons but few deciduous ones. Your selections of Rh occidentale look very nice but I doubt they will look good here with summer temps rarely exceeding 20C (but winter temps rarely get below -5C)!

Your last posts were very interesting but your posts about private land management was very disturbing. I almost felt sick when I read it. However I recovered when I saw the picture of 'Early Bird'!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 10, 2018, 06:28:37 AM
Hi Trond,

Yes the scenes in the mountains of El Dorado County were very disturbing for me too. I believe it is important to present both the good and the less than desirable aspects of what I encounter on my outings and how they impact our horticultural interests. I grew up in this region and it has been my “backyard” for most of my 62 years. I admit it is a very emotional and painful experience to see the disregard for the whole natural ecosystem. I have never seen anything like this before and I have seen some awful sights in El Dorado County in the past. I am not apposed to logging or managed forestry. I relate strongly to many of the loggers I meet. Most are good, hard working, respectable people. It is very sad that absolutely no effort was made by the corporate management to have a win-win outcome or even consider any outside ideas. There is more than the usual amount of this going on in California and the U.S.A. right now.

Most likely all the pre-existing plant species survived the King Fire. After the King Fire, especially on Peavine Ridge, I started to document the fascinating diversity within many of the species as they began to regenerate. I have posted photographs of some of these on this forum. Now many, but not all, unique specimens are gone forever. My concept was to use the diversity of the genome to introduce or create new and/or improved varieties for the benefit of horticulture. The Feather River azaleas are just one tiny example. In my mind, with creativity and the proper techniques, intraspecific breeding has the potential to ”bring out the best” in many species. Many species have never been worked with and the potential treasures within their genome have never been explored. It is hard to see a portion of this eliminated from the Earth unnecessarily.

What I have seen is disturbing and disappointing, however I have no intention of ending any of my current projects. If anything, this is a lesson of the urgency to progress with diligence before even more is lost. I still see endless possibilities to bring good things to fruition.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on January 10, 2018, 10:04:19 AM
Robert, definitely I should try to raise Rhododendron occidentale here, specially plants derived from the higher altitude clones. It will bring climate hardiness very much more adapted to our region. With some bushes growing then one could outbreed with other Rh's already growing here and introduce other types of variation such as leaf form or flower colour. Although it may seem a long term project, these come to fruition when they get started...with effort,perseverance and tenacity maintained...
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 11, 2018, 02:08:45 AM
Arturo,

It will be easy to gather generic high elevation seed of Rhododendron occidentale. Please understand they will be nothing special other than from a high elevation.

The following are lists of birds seen on my 21 December 2017 outing to Kanaka Valley and my 28 December 2017 outing to Flemming Meadow.

Kanaka Valley

Common Raven, Corvus corax
Red-shafted Flicker, Colaptes cater
Annna’s Himmingbird, Calypte anna
Bushtit, Psaltriparus minimus
Wrentit, Chamaea fasciata
Fox Sparrow, Passerella iliaca
Spotted, or Rufus-sided Towhee, Pipilo maculatus
Turkey Vulture, Cathartes aura
Gold-crowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia atricapilla
Scrub Jay, Aphelocoma coerulescens
American Robin, Turdus migratorius
Dark-eyed or Oregon Junco, Junco hyemalis
Plain Totmouse, Parus inornatus

Flemming Meadow

Common Raven, Corvus corax
Mountain Quail, Oreortyx pictus
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 18, 2018, 02:32:40 PM
[attachimg=1]

The warm weather continues here in Northern California. In this photograph the inversion layer can bee seen over the Sacramento Valley. The fog has been persisting all day in the valley, while the Sierra Nevada Foothills remains warm with much above average temperatures.

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15 January. Virga near Robbs Peak.

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Tells Peak from Chipmunk Bluff.

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Loon Lake, 6,435 feet (1,961 meters). There was, more or less, no snow at Loon Lake. This is extremely unusual for this time of year. Snow levels have been extremely high. 15 January, 49 F, 9.4 C at Loon Lake. This is far too warm for this time of year. Not much snow on Tells Peak.

[attachimg=5]

The peaks to the SE have no snow at all. On 17 January, the weather was even warmer. 65 F, 18.3 C @ 1:30 p.m. 3,625 feet (1,105 meters) near Riverton, California, on Peavine Ridge. On the crest of Peavine Ridge, 5,146 feet (1,569 meters), it was 61 F, 16.1 C @ 2:00 p.m. These temperatures are at near record levels. No snow on the ground. Generally the crest of Peavine Ridge has a covering of snow on the ground.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Diane Whitehead on January 18, 2018, 06:23:45 PM
I always deadhead my plants of R occidentale, but this year I will allow them to set seed
for the exchange.

I enjoyed my visit to the Smith-Mossman collection near Seattle -
 
 https://www.lakewildernessarboretum.org/ (https://www.lakewildernessarboretum.org/)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 19, 2018, 03:16:17 AM
Hi Diane,

There are some excellent Smith-Mossman Rhododendron occidentale selections. It would be great if you could donate some to the seed exchange.  8)  Back in about 2000, Britt Smith wrote a small article for the journal of the ARS about yellow forms of Rhododendron occidentale. It appears that with careful parental selection it is fairly easy to obtain seedlings with a great deal of yellow pigmentation on each petal from F1 seedlings. Unfortunately the expression of anthocyanin based pigmentation (some pinks & purples) has a strong environmental component (temperature). In our hot climate, most if not all, of the Smith-Mossman pink and purple forms of Rhododendron occidentale are washed-out at the best or express no pink or purple pigmentation at all. I will do the best I can to donate seed of some of our interior California forms that are extremely heat tolerant.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Diane Whitehead on January 19, 2018, 04:54:47 AM
 Yellow?  I will be in Northern California this summer and will be looking.

Mine are all seedlings, but if I can collect pollen from some interesting
flowers, I can have some interesting seeds.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 19, 2018, 06:35:42 AM
Hi Diane,

I'm in Placerville right now. When I get home on Saturday I will look up the ARS journal that has the photographs of the nearly yellow forms of Rhododendron occidentale and post the issue number here.

Yellow pigmentation expresses itself well even in the hot interior. I do not have the room to breed yellow R. occidentale at home, however the project seems very feasible even in the hot interior of California.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Diane Whitehead on January 19, 2018, 06:41:20 PM
Luckily, that article is online.

http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JARS/v54n3/v54n3-smith.htm (http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JARS/v54n3/v54n3-smith.htm)

The Spring 1985 ARS Journal has a long article with lots of photos that will be
useful for you:  Exploring for the Western Azalea in Southern California by
Michael A. McCullough in San Jose.  He also discusses how they might be grown on the
East coast.

It is also on line:  http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JARS/v39n2/v39n2-mccullough.htm (http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JARS/v39n2/v39n2-mccullough.htm)

 He did a lot of crossing of the southern and northern plants.  I am growing
seedlings from his donations of wild-collected seed from several areas to the ARS seed
 exchange.

I'm just about to check on the ARS current seed offerings.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Jacek on January 20, 2018, 12:26:02 AM
Robert,

Your  place, climate and type of problems seemed remote to me, but I was reading your Mountain&Garden Log with interest. Now I can see significant similarity - I refer to your recent posts about deliberate habitat destruction by private and public forestry administration/management.

Generally situation in America and Europe is different - here in heavily populated countries we just do not have natural forests, often for a long time. There are many examples. Mediterranean forests were logged away in ancient era and never regenerated. Forests on The British Isles were logged away 300-400 years ago. In Poland situation is somewhat different  - we have significant forest coverage, but they consist of just two species: pine Pinus sylvestris dominating in lowlands, over 60% of trees and spruce Picea abies dominating in the mountains, 8% of trees. They were all man-planted over the last 200 years.

There is one notable exception - Puszcza Białowieska or Bialowieza Forest. This is the last partly primitive/natural lowland forest in  central and western Europe. Nowadays 40% of this forest lies in Poland, 60% in Bielarus.

The reason why it was preserved is historical. First it was a private hunting ground of  Great Princes of Lithuania, later after  union with Poland it was owned by Polish kings and later after partition of Poland it was owned by Russian Tsars. Thus it was continuously protected, without partition, significant logging or converting to agriculture, until 1915 when German army took this area within I World War. Intensive logging was executed during both wars. In between wars and after 1945 some logging was done but also significant protection was instituted. For instance a National Park covering only small part of the forest was created in 1932.

This forest belongs to state of Poland, no private parts. Natonal Park is only part of the forest, but all the forest is protected as a Nature 2000 area and is on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

This relatively stable protection lasted untill 2015 when our government decided to log part of the trees. Officially the reason for intervention is widespred infection od spruces by Ips typographus. While true, this is a natural phenomenon. True, it kills spruces, but these trees are minority in Bialowieza Forest. Moreover, dead wood is beneficial in natural ecosystems. And so our government sent heavy  equipment, including harvesters, to cure the nature. Needless to say-  not only spruces are logged.

You can imagine how painful it is for people who think nature  protection is important. Government resulting form democratic election - my government - is trying to erase hundreds of years of strenuous protective effort. It really looks to me like Evil action.

 Of course, we are still in EU. And the EU Comission initiated a case against Poland at the Court of Justice in Luxembourg. And I mentally support this action, I feel European.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 20, 2018, 06:16:22 AM
Jacek,

Thank you so much for taking the time to share this fascinating information. In the U.S.A. we can learn a general history of Europe, however I find the details that you have shared extremely interesting. It appears, one way or another, we share many of the same conservation issues and challenges. If left alone, or sometimes with the appropriate help, nature can certainly repair itself. Ian McDonald’s diary ‘My local Patch and Wildlife’ hints at an encouraging trend that an ecosystem can return to a balanced natural state of equilibrium. Here in California, I have been documenting the detrimental environmental changes in El Dorado County for decades. Maybe (or maybe not) someday this information will be of some use to stop the misguided management of our natural heritage.

Anyway, thank you for sharing your observations in Poland.  8)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 21, 2018, 12:03:47 AM
[attachimg=1]

The first of a series of storms with average snow levels arrived Thursday.

[attachimg=2]

It was the first good storm with an average low snow level since 27 November 2017.

[attachimg=3]

On the crest of Peavine Ridge there was 6.5 cm of snow. This is not much, but at least it is a start. The temperature was 35 F, 1.7 C, at 1:45 p.m. This is the first cool daytime temperature on Peavine Ridge since 27 November. For many days I recorded temperatures of 17 C + or - during the afternoon at this site.

I'm a bit busy right now, however I have an outing planned for the coming week, weather permitting.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 25, 2018, 02:15:37 PM
Unfortunately, I will not have a botanical outing this week.  :'(

I have new project(s) with the U.S. Weather Service and will be busy getting started with this. I will have an outing the following Thursday.  :)  8)

Until then.........
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 27, 2018, 03:27:15 PM
Arturo,

A month or so ago, you ask a question about ambient relative humidity in our part of California. I now have some preliminary quantitative data from some of my remote observation sites on Peavine Ridge and other remote high elevation sites in El Dorado County (Sierra Nevada Mountains).

The data from the crest of Peavine Ridge, 5,146 feet (1,569 meters) is interesting. Over the period from late November 2017 to late January 2018 there have been large swings in the daytime (1:30 p.m. < > 30 minutes) relative humidity. Some readings have been as low as 18% and as high as 92%. To date, there has been a direct correlation between snow cover and relative humidity. On days with no cloud cover and snow cover the relative humidity has generally been in the “teens”.

In addition, I strongly suspect that there have been large swings between the nighttime low temperatures and the daytime high temperatures when the nighttime skies have been clear. As expected, without snow cover dew points have been low, in the 17 F to 20 F range (-8.3 C to 6.7 C). This would also suggest a great deal of radiant nighttime cooling. Soon I will have more instrumental data from this site which will included 24 hour high and low temperatures and other information.

35 years ago, generally there was a consistent snow cover on the crest of Peavine Ridge during the winter. Now snow levels are generally higher and there is no longer a consistent wintertime snow cover on the crest of Peavine Ridge. This was true even during last year’s high precipitation event. Now I am in a position to quantify this data. How climatic change is, or may be, impacting the flora on Peavine Ridge will be interesting to study. Clearly many small plants are now often exposed to low relative humidity, desiccating winds while the soil remains frozen and there is no snow cover. This is an extremely long-term project, but please stay tuned…..

My next outing will be on Thursday 1 February rain or shine. I already have some fascinating sites to visit.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 02, 2018, 02:16:20 PM
[attachimg=1]

The weather was clear and very warm yesterday. I had a interesting outing yesterday. Despite a busy schedule, I was able to visit two sites. I will be reporting on my findings soon.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 03, 2018, 06:43:26 PM
This year I will be adding a few new features to my botanical diary. First, to help readers better understand the climatic conditions of our region in Northern California I will post a monthly weather roundup of our Placerville farm and Sacramento home.

Currently, I am also summarizing my botanical and natural history data from specific areas and sites in a list format. At this time, I am uncertain how this information will be accessed. Each list will be a work in progress. Even after decades of surveys, I still occasionally find something new to a site. I currently have a partial, incomplete listing for the Gerle Creek area of El Dorado County, California. It is in a spreadsheet format. If anyone is interested in viewing this incomplete list, PM me and I can arrange to have it e-mailed to you or direct you to a web site where it is currently posted.

WEATHER ROUNDUP
January 2018
Placerville, California

Placerville farm, elevation 1,460 feet (445 meters).

Average temperatures for January:
High 54.98 F (12.77 C)
Low 34.87 F (1.59 C)
Average 44.87 F (7.15 C)
Average precipitation for January
5.87 inches (149 mm)

The average temperatures for January 2018:
High 58.77 F (14.87 C)
Low 38.48 F (3.60 C)
Average 48.63 F (8.13 C), this is 3.76 F (2.09 C) above average.
The precipitation total for January 2018:
5.98 inches (152 mm), this is 0.11 inches (2.7 mm) above average.

Extremes for January:
Temperature
High 76 F (24.4 C) set on 30th 1984
Low 15 F (-9.4 C) set on 13nd 2007
Precipitation:
Monthly maximum 18.22 inches (463 mm) set in 1997
Monthly minimum a Trace set in 2015

The following new daily record high temperatures were set:
70 F (21.1 C) on the 1st, the old record was 66 F (18.9 C) set in 2001.
The following record high, low temperatures were set:
46 F (7.8 C) on the 4th, tied the old record in 2007
52 F (11.1 C) on the 5th, the old record was 50 F (10 C) set in 1986
49 F (9.4 C) on the 6th, the old record was 47 F (8.3 C) set in 2002
50 F ( 10 C) on the 9th, tied the record in 1995.

WEATHER ROUNDUP
January 2018
Sacramento, California

Our Land Park, Sacramento home, elevation 23 feet (7 meters).

Average temperatures for January:
High 57.68 F (14.27 C)
Low 39.97 F (4.43 C)
Average 48.83 F (9.35 C)
Average precipitation for January:
3.07 inches (78 mm).

The average temperatures for January 2018:
High 58.45 F (9.14 C)
Low 43.81 F (6.56 C)
Average 51.13 F (10.63 C), this is 2.30 F (1.28 C) above average
The precipitation total for January 2018:
5.54 inches (141 mm), this is 2.47 inches (63 mm) above average.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 06, 2018, 07:23:05 AM
PEAVINE RIDGE
&
KANAKA VALLEY

El Dorado County, California

Thursday, 1 February 2018

Sacramento Weather
Weather: High Clouds
Temperature, High: 69 F, 20.6 C
                       Low: 44 F, 6.7 C
Precipitation: To date: 8.13 inches (207 mm), average to date: 10.37 inches (263 mm). The current precipitation stands at 78% of average to date.

Placerville Weather
Weather: High Clouds
Temperature, High: 69 F, 20.6 C
                       Low: 42 F, 5.6 C
Precipitation: To date: 14.05 inches (357 mm), average to date: 18.63 inches (473 mm). The current precipitation stands at 75% of average to date.


[attachimg=1]

I awoke early on Thursday, 1 February, anxious to leave on my next outing. It had been a bit over a month since I had last been out for a full day. January was a rainy month in Northern California with two relatively cold storms arriving on the 19th and 25th. The storms dropped some much needed snow to the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Some of the snow fell as low as 3,275 feet (998 meters) at Riverton on the South Fork of the American River. Unfortunately, the weather quickly changed. Within 5 days temperatures quickly rose to record or near record levels and have remained this way to the present.

[attachimg=2]

I arrived on the crest of Peavine Ridge, 5,146 feet (1,569 meters), at 8:00 a.m. The temperature was very mild for the 1st of February 44 F (6.7 C). A cloud deck of cirrostratus and broken altocumulus was moving through the area. At times the sun formed a halo as it shined through the cirrostratus.

[attachimg=3]

I first set off down the sunny south facing side of the ridge. There was, more or less, no snow on the ground. The crest of Peavine Ridge is capped with a layer of ancient andesite. In many places the soil is shallow and supports the growth of Manzanita scrub and a few trees such as this beautiful specimen of Canyon Live Oak, Quercus chrysolepis (pictured).

I was hoping to find the emerging new growth of Primula (Dodecatheon) hendersonii. The population of this species on Peavine Ridge is very interesting and I have never full surveyed the extent of its range on the ridge.

[attachimg=4]

Indian Dream, Aspidotis densa, is seen frequently among the andesite rocks and boulders on Peavine Ridge.

[attachimg=5]

Most of the ferns were still fairly dormant, however with this stretch of warm weather a few were coming into active growth.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 06, 2018, 07:26:02 AM
[attachimg=1]

The andesite boulders are covered with many species of lichen on the sunny south slope of Peavine Ridge. Rhizocarpon sp. (yellow), Umbilicaria hyperborea (dark brown), Lecanora mellea (lighter brown), and Candelariella rosulans (dark yellow) can be seen on this rock.

[attachimg=2]

This is not the best photograph, however one can see the open, rocky, arid terrain on the upper portion of the ridge.

[attachimg=3]

Many native annuals had sprouted earlier in the season and now with warm weather were in active growth. The seedlings of Lupinus stiversii, Harlequin Lupine, (pictured) were easy to spot as I hiked among the andesite rubble.

[attachimg=4]

At one point there was a nice vista to the southwest. Far in the distance Mount Diablo can be seen, the summit rising above the inversion layer. The curved tip of the dead snag in the center of photograph points to the summit of Mount Diablo (very faint!).

[attachimg=5]

Arctostaphylos (Manzanita) was the dominant shrubby species at this site. There were a few specimens of Ceanthus cuneatus var. cuneatus in this area. This is the high elevation limit of this species in this portion of California. At lower elevations on the ridge this species is very common.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 06, 2018, 07:29:00 AM
[attachimg=1]

Three species of Manzanita are commonly seen on this portion of Peavine Ridge. Greenleaf Manzanita, Arctostaphylos patula (pictured), is commonly seen growing with Whiteleaf Manzanita, Acrtostaphylos viscida ssp. viscida and Indian Manzanita, Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. mewukka. At this site many Greenleaf Manzanita and Indian Manzanita were in bloom.

[attachimg=2]

In addition, there were intermediate forms that appeared they could possibly be Arctostaphylos patula x A. muwukka ssp. mewukka hybrids. Another possibility is that they could just represent genetic variability within Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. mewukka.

[attachimg=3]

One way I can analyze the questionable Manzanitas is by propagating, asexually by cuttings, samples of the plants in question. There are a number of ways, at home, I can study the specimens and perhaps come to a better understanding of their disposition.

[attachimg=4]

On the right are two samples of Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. mewukka; on the left are two samples of one of the plants in question.

[attachimg=5]

Here the differences in foliage can be seen in more detail. On the left is the typical glaucous-gray Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. mewukka; on the right is a sample of a plant in question. In addition to leaf characteristics, other characteristics need to be examined closely and taken into consideration before a clear (er) determination can be made. If I can get access to a good microscope a count of the chromosomes would be extremely helpful. If the plants in question turned out to be triploid, this would be highly suggestive of an Arctostaphylos patula x A. mewukka ssp. mewukka hybrid, however in another scenario a diploid plant could still be a hybrid. Fun stuff to consider!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 06, 2018, 07:31:49 AM
[attachimg=1]

After spending some time wander around the open slopes, I moved back up to the crest of the ridge into a grove of conifers, mostly Jeffrey Pine, Pinus jeffreyi. Here I found a small colony of Pyrola picta with its beautifully veined foliage.

[attachimg=2]

Here too I found mats of Ceanothus prostratus creeping along the forest floor.

[attachimg=3]

As I hiked back to the Outback, I stopped at one of my snow survey sites on Peavine Ridge. There was 13 cm (5 inches) of snow at this site, the most I have measured at this site this year. At another nearby site on a north-facing slope there was 23 cm (9 inches) of snow. Historically for this portion of Peavine Ridge, these snow amounts are extremely low for this time of year.

[attachimg=4]

I was not ready to leave Peavine Ridge, so I drove down the road to the dirt track that leads to Chicken Hawk Spring. From here, I hiked through the snow down the gentle north-facing slope to spring. Most of the area in the vicinity of the spring was covered with wet sloppy snow. The creek exiting the spring was free of snow. Mountain Alder, Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia densely line the watercourse.

[attachimg=5]

Many interesting plant species grow in the vicinity of Chicken Hawk Spring. Most where well covered with snow, however I was able to find a few Asarum lemmonii poking through the snow.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 06, 2018, 07:34:34 AM
[attachimg=1]

In another location I found a colony of Cladonia lichen growing on an old fallen log.

[attachimg=2]

The snow covered most of the plants around Chicken Hawk Spring, so I hiked back to the main road to check on another site. Here there is fantastic panorama view of the Crystal Range. Unfortunately, much mechanical underbrush clearing had taken place (see earlier report). It was very depressing examining the destruction closely now that the heavy machinery had been removed from the area. I did find one small area that had not been torn-up by the machines.

[attachimg=3]

Here I found Calyptridium monospermum and other small plants growing among the andesite boulders.

[attachimg=4]

Here Whiteleaf Manzanita, Arctostaphylos viscida ssp. viscida grew in scattered stands with a few remaining Greenleaf Manzanita, Arctostaphylos patula, that escaped the hacking at the forest edge.

[attachimg=5]

Although both Acrtostaphylos patula and A. mewukka ssp. mewukka were found in bloom in the areas where I hiked, I did not find any Arctostaphylos viscida ssp. viscida in bloom.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 06, 2018, 07:37:20 AM
[attachimg=1]

Sanicula tuberosa is an early blooming species that is quite common in the higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada. These were growing safely among the andesite boulders, were the machines did not dare travel.

[attachimg=2]

It was now 12:15 p.m. and I needed to leave the area to conduct some business in Placerville. The temperature was already a balmy 64 F (17.8 C)!

[attachimg=3]

After conducting my business in Placerville there was still plenty of time to check another site. I ended up at Kanaka Valley, elevation 1,009 feet (308 meters). Here I was hoping to find a route to Sweetwater Creek and maybe find the relic population of Rhododendron occidentale that was cataloged from this area back in the early 1900’s. Much of Sweetwater Creek is within private property and access is extremely limited at best. Back in the 1970’s the attitude of absentee landowners was very different. During this period of time, Sweetwater Creek was one of my favorite sites for botanical outings. Many interesting species grow in the area. I have not been able to visit Sweetwater Creek for 40 years, and I would be overjoyed to find access to the small portion of the creek that is within public lands.

[attachimg=4]

I set off on a promising route hoping for the best. Here in the lower foothills of the Sierra Nevada many species are well advanced in growth, especially with the warm temperatures. Chlorogalum pomeridianum was one of many geophytes seen along my route.

[attachimg=5]

Ranunculus occidentalis var. occidentalis comes into growth very quickly after the autumn rains soak the ground. They are also among the first to come into bloom.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 06, 2018, 07:40:17 AM
[attachimg=1]

The route I picked quickly entered a dense chaparral of Chamise, Adenostoma fasciculatum (pictured) and Whiteleaf Manzanita, Arctostaphylos viscida ssp. viscida.

[attachimg=2]

Here the Whiteleaf Manzanita, Arctostaphylos viscida ssp.viscida, was blooming profusely. Most of the Manzanitas bloomed with flowers in shades of pink.

[attachimg=3]

Occasionally I spotted a Manzanita with white or near white flowers.

[attachimg=4]

Chaparral Honeysuckle, Lonicera interrupta, was one of many chaparral species in active growth.

[attachimg=5]

The chaparral was extremely dense and tall, however occasionally I had a good view of the surrounding countryside. Here I had a nice peek of Hill Pine, another site with many interesting, endemic, and rare plant species.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 06, 2018, 07:42:15 AM
[attachimg=1]

Lepechinia calycina has very aromatic foliage. Its pleasant fragrance is a pure delight on warm days or after a rain.

[attachimg=2]

The route slowly deteriorated to the point where, to make progress, I found myself crawling under the dense chaparral growth on my hands and knees. I eventually reached a wall of impenetrable branches and had to retreat from my current course.

[attachimg=3]

I was getting late now, and I was disappointing having to return to the Outback without finding a route to Sweetwater Creek.

All was not lost! In this photograph one can see the variation of foliage in Salvia sonomensis. The silvery plant was interesting and I took some cuttings home to root and compare with other forms of this species I grow at the Placerville farm.

I also made quick time back toward the Outback and found another trail in the direction of Sweetwater Creek. I followed it for some distance before it was necessary to turn back. I am highly optimistic that this route will lead me to Sweetwater Creek.

I was pure pleasure to be out in the field again. Once again, in my mind, I had another high successful outing. Now to plan my next trip.

Until next time……
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 06, 2018, 02:42:17 PM
[attachimg=1]

I returned to Peavine Ridge yesterday, 5 February 2018 to do a snow survey and gather meteorological data. On 1 February there was 13 cm (5 inches) of snow at this site. On 5 February I measured only 3.5 cm (1.5 inches) of snow (pictured). The temperatures had cooled only slightly. It was a balmy 63 F (17.2 C) at 1:15 p.m. versus 64 F (17.8 C) at 12:15 p.m. on 1 February. Conditions were also dry. The relative humidity was 29% at 1:15 p.m. An inside slider is forecast to move east of our region today. This will produce breezy north winds, which will dry the air even more.

Yesterday, I also had a big surprise. I sighted the first flight of a Fritillary for this season. It may have been an Atlantis Fritillary, however I was not able to approach the butterfly close enough to make a positive identification.

Birds seen on my 1 February outing:
Wrentit, Chamaea fasciata
Cassin’s Finch, Carpodacus cassinii
Common Raven, Corvus corax
American Robin, Turdus migratorius
Hairy Woodpecker, Picoides villosus
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 09, 2018, 11:30:55 PM
I have a large, long term project I am getting started. I will be extremely busy until the first of March, at which time I will resume my usual schedule of outings. In the mean time I will share some photographs from past outings.

[attachimg=1]

One outing - my August 2003 trip to the Carson-Iceburg Wilderness.

[attachimg=2]

Another interesting outing in the spring of 2006 to Eastern Washington State.

[attachimg=3]

A summer outing to Sierra Valley and Calpine where my grandfather's cabin was located.

[attachimg=4]

Photographs of Fossil, Oregon (eastern Oregon) during the winter/spring of 2006.

I'll share what I can during the coming weeks.  :)

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on February 13, 2018, 07:51:29 PM
Robert,

Strange to see your warm minter! Although the winter temperature has been on average, we have had more snow (rain at the coast) than in several years,  200 - 400% above normal. And the spring is still some months ahead!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 14, 2018, 04:40:21 AM
Hi Trond,

400% of average! This is an incredible amount of precipitation. Is this record setting?

For us winter seems to be arriving now. Yesterday, I manually logged 2 cm of accumulated snow on Peavine Ridge, 5,146 feet (1,569 meters). This is a small fraction of the average amount. A trace fell in the a.m. hours. Much more is on the way! How I wish I had all my instrumentation in place  :'(  On Peavine Ridge it was 65 F (18.3 C) on 6 February; on 12 February it was 38 F (3.3 C). All afternoon temperatures. At Loon Lake I logged a low of 19 F (-7.2 C) on 12 February. It will be getting much colder in the next few days. It will be great to have quantitative data from various habitats in the Crystal Basin. Right now there is little or no snow cover in many locations on the west slope of the Crystal Range. The forecast low temperatures are in the 0 F (-17.8 C) range. This is certainly not record breaking, but at least I am now getting some quantitative data from a few locations.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 15, 2018, 04:09:37 AM
[attachimg=1]

It is interesting reviewing past outings. This outing to the Carson-Iceberg Wilderness took place on 4 August 2003. The weather was a bit unusual during this time frame. I left the Placerville, California farm very early in the morning. It was a bit mild 60 F (15.6 C). It was the beginning of a warm-up, as on 2 August the weather was stormy with much thunderstorm activity. 0.64 inches (16 mm) of rain fell, which is a considerable amount for Placerville in August. It was also very cool for early August. The high temperature on 2 August was only 76 F (24.4 C). Although the storminess retreated from Placerville and the Sierra Nevada foothills, the stormy weather lingered in the Sierra Nevada.

When I arrived at Ebbetts Pass (8,730 feet – 2,661 meters), the starting point of this outing, there was already considerable convective cloudiness. The eastern trailhead begins in a forested area with a view of a small meadow. The trail climbs steadily until it finally breaks into a dry, open, alpine setting with a view of Kinney Reservoir (pictured).

[attachimg=2]

The brilliant orange-red flowers of Ipomopsis aggregate where the first to catch my eye as I started out on this trek. They were blooming in an ocean of Sidalcea glaucescens and Lupinus sp. (I forget which one, as there are a number of different species in this area).

[attachimg=3]

Ipomopsis aggregate grew abundantly in this area. It was this encounter with Ipomopsis that got me hooked on growing this species. Since moving to Sacramento I have lost it to cultivation.  :'(  I will certainly obtain seed and get this species going again.

[attachimg=4]

Much of the open areas were quite arid, populated by various species of Artemisia and Wyethia mollis. The vistas of the surrounding mountains were awesome.

[attachimg=5]

Even at this late date, many of the wildflowers were still just coming into their peak of bloom. In these open, xeric sites, Wyethia mollis grew in large drifts and were looking great.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 16, 2018, 05:00:40 AM
[attachimg=1]

The trail soon crosses a low pass and moves into Noble Canyon. The trail hugs the western slope of Noble Canyon below a steep escarpment of volcanic rock.

[attachimg=2]

Across Noble Canyon there is a majestic panorama of the neighboring peaks and ranges to the east. Highland Peak, 10,935 feet (3,333 meters), dominates the eastern landscape.

[attachimg=3]

The trail continues southward along the western slope of Noble Canyon. A mosaic of habitats is encountered as one continues along the trail. Artemisia species inhabit the drier habitats along this route. The dwarf Artemisia arbuscula ssp. arbuscula (pictured) is quite common; however there are occasional widely scattered colonies of the taller growing Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana. The more herbaceous Atremisia ludoviciana ssp. incompta is also seen frequently. It is a bit more adaptable to a wider variety of growing conditions and can be seen in open sunny sites as well as partly sunny sites near the edge of forested areas.

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There was a tremendous variety of species blooming on this day. The blooming cycle of Calochortus leichtlinii was at its peak and it was seen frequently on sunny, dry, rocky slopes.

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I encountered one outstanding stand of Allium campanulatum. I initially needed a second good look at the specimens, as my first thought was that they might be Allium bisceptrum. It was difficult to detect that the foliage had already withered as they were growing amongst a thick stand of Erigeron. There were also a number of other features that made the identification easy.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 16, 2018, 05:03:48 AM
[attachimg=1]

The brightly colored and minty scented Monardella odoratissima ssp. glauca was at its prime.

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The mat forming Alpine Pussy-toe, Antennaria media, grew among the rocks in dry sunny areas. The distinctive dark almost black phyllaries and more or less non-glandular foliage made this species easy to identify.

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Penstemon heterodoxus var. heterodoxus was the most common Penstemon species seen on this outing.

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Paintbrushes, Castilleja sp., are always a delight to see in bloom. Ooopps! I forgot to note the name of this species.

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The trail begins to rise again as it approaches the tiny Noble Lake. Here there were many old majestic specimens of Juniperus grandis.

At one time trout were planted into Noble Lake. The lake is small and not ideal habitat for trout (which are not native to the lake anyway). Recently the trout were removed from the lake and it is hoped that Mountain Yellow-legged Frogs (Rana muscosa) will recolonize the lake. Before the introduction of trout into most high Sierra Nevada lakes, Mountain Yellow-legged Frogs lived in these lakes. Once the highly predatory trout were introduced into high Sierra Lakes, the populations of Yellow-legged Frogs dropped dramatically. Other environmental/habitat changes have further decreased their population numbers. Now Yellow-legged Frogs are rarely encountered. Presently, there is hope that their numbers are starting to rise again.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Jacek on February 16, 2018, 09:55:01 AM
The trail begins to rise again as it approaches the tiny Noble Lake. Here there were many old majestic specimens of Juniperus grandis.

Juniperus grandis is so nice. The shape of the canopy resembles Pinus cembra somewhat (only the specimens of high mountains). Of course, P. cembra has different needs - this is a tree of coldest places with very short vegetation period, but sufficient sun and water. Otherwise they are exposed to the same elements - wind, snow, etc.

I asked Mr Google and it seems to me this nice tree is not in ornamental cultivation. Is it true? Why? What is its hardiness?

I like the pictures you show recently - the mountain views - not too arid, green, trees, but also open spaces. Would like to be there in the spring.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on February 16, 2018, 10:34:32 AM
Robert, your Ipomopsis agreggata reminds me of your Lobelia cardinalis, that you have shown in other opportunities. Both seem hummingbird pollinated with the remarkable scarlet red standing out. I would assume that L.cardinalis is more riparian while Ipomopsis is better suited to a drier location. Am I right?. Have you seen them growing near to each other. My recent Lobelia c. populations has yet to be spotted by our native hummingbirds. They would have a treat along with flowering red garden pentstemons. I'm partial towards hummers...
    On a different line, I'm curious to know what kind of meteorological equipment you set out for your measurements. As I get to study climate at the nanno scale, detailed information about how temps vary at ground level can explain plant population patterns. Screes build up thermal resilience that allow scree species to withstand cold but also may(?) replace the role of snow cover keeping the soil line just above freezing at times. On the other hand large boulders are thermal radiators, so that again there may be plants associated to the vicinity of these structures. All very interesting questions at least in my inquisitive self.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 16, 2018, 03:03:07 PM
Hi Jacek,

Yes, basically Juniperus grandis is, more or less, not cultivated, at least in California. Why? The answer is complex. One reason is the complexity of propagation (not easy for most commercial propagators). Another reason is the lack of demand from the public. The species is easily grown, but rather slow growing (one reason the general public and the nursery trades are not interested in the species).

The species is very cold hardy. Exactly how hardy? I am currently involved in finding a much more quantitative answer to this based on manually gathered meteorological data gathered at various sites in the Sierra Nevada Mountains (including Juniperus grandis habitat).

Jacek, the precipitation patterns in the Sierra Nevada are very seasonal. Most precipitation falls in the late autumn to spring in the form of snow. There is some monsoonal moisture during the summer, but this monsoonal moisture varies from summer to summer and is still very limited. Many species native to the Sierra Nevada are xeric in nature. By autumn conditions can be extremely dry. There are riparian habitats where moisture-loving species grow. Sometimes the moisture is just under the ground flowing through coarse rock and gravel.

Moisture patterns are changing in the Sierra Nevada. This is part of the long-term project I am currently working on. Data on precipitation, snow accumulation, etc. is being logged. Once again, detailed quantitative answers will eventual be produced to answer questions like yours in a more definitive way.

The bottom line is that the Sierra Nevada Mountains are indeed very beautiful. I never tire of visiting the mountains and I am sure you would enjoy the Sierra Nevada too.

Arturo,

Lobelia cardinalis var. pseudosplendens is native to Southern California and is not native or seen in our part of California. Ipomopsis aggregata is a very attractive species. I am reasonably sure that they are Hummingbird pollenated; however I have never seen Hummingbirds feeding on the flowers. We have a few resident Hummingbird species, however other species migrate northward from Mexico or from other southern U.S. areas during the summer.

I am using fairly simple instruments in the current project, although I am getting technical advice from the University of Nevada Reno on improving the memory capabilities of the thermometers and hydrometers. I am using digital thermometers, a mercury sling psychrometer, rain gauges, snowboards, metric scales, etc. There are a few “old timer” scientists that are excited that I am willing to do frequent manual observations. They understand the advantages of manual on site observations. This project is currently keeping me very busy, however it will fit perfectly with my botanical outings. I will be able to resume my usual outing schedule soon. The interaction of the weather with the flora is fascinating. I believe that some of the information will be helpful to us to the better understand the plants we grow in our gardens and have more success with larger spectrum of species.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Jacek on February 17, 2018, 12:06:22 PM
Yes, basically Juniperus grandis is, more or less, not cultivated, at least in California. Why? The answer is complex. One reason is the complexity of propagation (not easy for most commercial propagators). Another reason is the lack of demand from the public. The species is easily grown, but rather slow growing (one reason the general public and the nursery trades are not interested in the species).

Interesting. In congested Europe slow growth is rather an advantage. But California is congested, too. I couldn't find Juniperus grandis on davesgarden.com, so I thought it is not cultivated.

Propagation is an issue. I do not have appropriate knowledge, many conifers may be propagated by cuttings if seedlings are too slow to grow. In case rooting is unsuccessful - grafting may be done, although this makes the procedure expensive. In case of Juniperus grandis appropriate  rootstock may not be available.

Last but not least - breathtaking appearance of old, windswept tree will never be achieved in garden conditions. Exactly this is the case with Pinus cembra - in the garden it is a slowly growing tree with regular cylindrical dense canopy - not an appearance of a tree fighting with elements for survival.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 17, 2018, 02:27:38 PM
Jack,

You bring out some excellent points.

I suppose one could use Niwaki to shape Juniperus grandis, but then this too takes much time and energy to achieve results.

I do not have much room in our Sacramento garden for trees. One way I enjoy some of our larger California native trees and shrubs is by growing them in large containers and using bonsai techniques to keep them small and give them an interesting shape. I like the bark and trunks of the wild Sierra Junipers. Seed is generally easy to gather. I like the challenge of finding efficient ways of germinating difficult to sprout seeds.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 17, 2018, 02:40:34 PM
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One of the gems of the high Sierra Nevada is Primula suffrutescens. On this outing I encountered this species in shaded, moist rock outcroppings. It was a pleasure to stop and enjoy this species as I continued my trek southward toward the Carson-Iceberg Wilderness.

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From Noble Lake the trail climbs and continues southward to a low pass where one officially enters Carson-Iceberg Wilderness.

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At this point I needed to decide which direction to take. The weather seemed to be clearing so I chose to climb one of the nearby peaks.

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Red Peak looked inviting with a number of different habitats to explore on my way to the summit.

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Once on the summit of Red Peak, the summit of Tyron Peak, 9,970 feet (3,039 meters) looked equally inviting. This photograph of Tyron Peak was taken while I was at Noble Lake earlier in the day.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 17, 2018, 02:43:28 PM
[attachimg=1]

This is the reverse view of Noble Lake from the summit of Tyron Peak.

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At this point things became extremely interesting. I was completely surprised to find this world of rolling alpines meadows perched high among the high peaks. As the wind howled over this expanse, thousand of the purplish to red spotted seedpods of Astragalus whitneyi rattled intensely from all directions.

I had good reason to be concerned up on this high ridge. And now, I needed to find a way down quickly. Hiking east (right side of this photograph) was not going to work unless I could fly like a bird.

[attachimg=3]

I was not in the mood to attempt a decent of this volcanic escarpment of cliffs and steep slopes.

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The many volcanic buttresses colonized with alpine plants and Caloplaca lichens (orange coloration on rock) intrigued. Unfortunately there was not time to loiter and examine all the interesting features of the rock formations.

[attachimg=5]

The vistas from the top of this ridge were spectacular, but also gave me clues to the pending weather. I noted the rain showers developing. All day the weather was vacillating back and forth; one moment it looked like the weather would clear; five minutes later it looked like it was going to storm. The top of this ridge was not a good place to be if a thunderstorm developed. To stay safe, I wanted to retreat to lower terrain as soon as possible.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 17, 2018, 02:46:10 PM
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It was a shame to have to leave this area, as there were so many beautiful and choice plants in bloom such as this Wild Buckwheat, Eriogonum ovalifolium var. nivale.

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There were also prime specimens of Sencio fremontii var. occidentalis in peak bloom.

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Among the rocks were beautiful colonies of Sedum lanceolatum, also at their peak of bloom. This might have been one of those “once in a lifetime” opportunities to view so many species blooming all at the same time. Sadly, the crack of thunder announced that it was time to leave quickly.

[attachimg=4]

I made the correct decision as the clouds continued to build and become more menacing by the moment. As I retreated back down the southern slopes there were excellent views of Highland Lakes.

The remaining portion of this outing was uneventful. I returned to my truck and started the long drive back to Placerville. I was fortunate to see so many beautiful plants in bloom and not get soaked with rain.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: ian mcdonald on February 17, 2018, 04:07:31 PM
Robert, it looks like you have found an interesting area which needs more exploring. Do Bristle Cone Pines occur in the area? You seem to cover quite a large area with stiff climbing in one day.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 17, 2018, 04:59:56 PM
Ian,

Bristlecone Pines, Pinus longaeva, are found farther south and east of this area, generally in the White Mountains of Inyo County, California. Their range also extends into Nevada and other nearby areas in California.

This outing was taken over a decade ago. Fortunately my body is still in good shape and I can still hike all day up and down high mountains. Good diet, exercise, fresh air, avoiding stress kept Scott Nearing health and extremely active until he was 99 years of age. He and his wife built a stone house with hand labor when he was in his 90’s. They did have plenty of help, but he did mix cement by hand and did other hard physical labor to complete the job. He died at 100. I plan on following Scott’s advice and stay active and healthy into my 90’s. There is much more I want to see out there. Avoiding stress in Sacramento is a challenge and the air is foul, however good work in the mountains is helpful.

I did return to the Ebbetts Pass area a few years ago and wrote about it in this diary. The weather was rainy so I had limited success on that day. Now I have a time demanding project going in El Dorado National Forest. It will keep me out in the field on a regular basis, however I will have fewer opportunities to travel long distances. I do want to return to this area, but have no definite plans at this time.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 18, 2018, 03:34:41 PM
[attachimg=1]

Yesterday, 17 February 2018, I drove into Gerle Creek, elevation 5,384 feet. It is highly unusual to be able to drive into Gerle Creek in February. Generally, the last 1.5 miles of the road from the SMUD Station turnoff to Airport Flat at the Gerle Creek Bridge is not plowed of snow and is impassible. Well, yesterday I drove right in!

Not only did I drive in over the road, but also it was a balmy 52 F (11.1 C) at 2:15 p.m. There were only traces of snow on the ground. Another shock was seeing the Airport Flat Campground nearly full to capacity. The weather forecast is for a dramatic change in the weather. As I write this, early in the morning on 18 February, snow is starting to fall in the Sierra Nevada. This storm is cold and snow levels are predicted to be about 1,500 feet (457 meters). At least we are going to get some average winter weather. I am not sure of the fate of the campers at Airport Flat. I’ve seen 2 feet (0.6 meters) of snowfall during one night at Gerle Creek on 1 June. Even a 4 x 4 isn’t going to get 30-foot travel trailer out of a mess like that! Snow is forecast to fall throughout the week. I guess some of the folks are prepared to leave their travel trailers at Airport Flat for the remaining winter season? I just checked the current temperature at Loon Lake (very near Gerle Creek); it is 28 F (-2.2 C) at 7:00 a.m. The temperature is continuing to drop.

To date, February has been extremely warm, 51.92 F (11.07 C) average at the Placerville farm. While being much above average, it is not a record for the month. The average temperature in February of 1988 at the farm was 54.45 F (12.47 C). It is not surprising that this was a drought year too.

At least the plants at Gerle Creek are remaining dormant. In the photograph one can see that the catkins of Alnus incana spp. tenuifolia are still closed as well as the buds of Cornus sericea spp. sericea (foreground right side of creek). This is not true throughout much of the lower elevations of Northern California. Many plants are blooming or leafing out, included many native species. Near record cold morning low temperatures are forecast during the next 5 days. It will be interesting to see how this all turns out.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 19, 2018, 03:02:23 PM
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I was up on Peavine Ridge yesterday. The wind was howling over the crest of the ridge with gusts to 35 mph. What a difference in the temperature from the other day, 34 F (1.1 C) at 2:00 p.m. vs. 51 F (10.6 C) on 15 February.

[attachimg=2]

As I departed, a few snowflakes began to fall. I finally have one of my old rain gauges in place (new gauges will be arriving any day). Now I will get a better idea of the amount of precipitation up on the ridge. This morning, the few automated weather stations in the region are not registering any precipitation. I am sure there was measurable precipitation. Manual observations may not be part of the popular trend, however they do have advantages.

Back at the farm it was 24 F (-4.4 C) this morning. This is a bit on the chilly side, but not record cold for the date. Yesterday about 5:00 p.m. there was a hailstorm. We are certainly getting some cold air advection. Tonight will be even colder. Many plants have partially leafed out, so there might be widespread damage to the new growth.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 20, 2018, 02:37:44 PM
[attachimg=1]

I returned to Peavine Ridge yesterday to check on my "rain gauge". It is a 4 inch diameter (10.16 cm) x 12 inch tall (30.48 cm) tube. I measure the snow precipitation by weight and also generally melt the snow and measure its depth. I recorded 0.19 inches (4.8 mm) over the last 24 hours. There was 3.5 cm of accumulated snow on the ground. When I left, snow was starting to fall again.

[attachimg=2]

The temperature at 2:00 p.m. was 29 F (-1.7 C). I have a digital thermometer with a 7 day max min memory arriving. It will be good to have high and low temperatures records. Some folks are working on modifications to the thermometer so that it has a 30 day max min memory. This will work well for some of the remote sites above 8,000 feet on the western slope of the Crystal Range. Currently I am studying to get my ham radio license. This will open up other possibilities for remote weather observation. Having said that, manual on site observations are generally far more accurate.

Some current temperatures, 20 February 2018, 6:30 a.m.

Loon Lake, 6,400 feet, 6 F -14.4 C)
South Lake Tahoe, 6,400 feet, 1 F (-17.2 C)
Placerville farm 1,460 feet, 21 F (-6.1 C)

Although temperatures have turned colder, they are not unusually cold. These are normal temperatures for our "old" winters. Things have changed. Temperatures are warmer these days.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 22, 2018, 05:47:41 AM
[attachimg=1]

I was back up on Peavine Ridge today getting a few more instruments set up to record weather data in this area. The first max min thermometer with memory is in place. I will be very curious to see what sort of results I get.

So far I have been surprised by the data supplied at the Loon Lake site. With the recent cold snap (i.e. more or less what was “normal” winter weather for us) I was excepting to find that both daytime and nighttime temperatures would be bit colder than the data indicated. On 20 and 21 February daytime high temperatures were only slightly below 0 C. Nighttime lows were -15 C and -12.8 C. Compared to Loon Lake, most likely temperatures will be a bit warmer on the crest of Peavine Ridge.

I am eager to get instruments set up in the Lyons Creek area. The proposed site is within a drainage where cold air settles and is at a higher elevation, 6,690 feet (2,039 meters). Back on 12 October of this year, I recorded 19 F (-7.2 C) for a low temperature at this site. I would have been pleased if I could have recorded both the high and low temperatures for this past week as well as have measurements of snow depth. All of this information will help establish quantitative data on the cold temperatures our native plants endure and under what conditions (snow cover or lack of it, etc.). When summer arrives a completely different set of results will be gathered.

[attachimg=2]

There was still 2.5 cm of snow on the ground when I arrived on the crest of Peavine Ridge today. The recent storms have been starved of moisture! Tomorrow another storm is to arrive with snow levels down to 1,000 feet, 305 meters (the farm is at 1,460 feet, 445 meters). This storm will have a bit more moisture. We will see what happens.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 23, 2018, 03:04:51 PM
[attachimg=1]

Winter decided to arrive to our part of Northern California. We actually had 1.2 cm of snow last night. This is not much, but at least the weather is more typical for this time of year. As I walked around it was 22 F (-5.6 C). More snow and cold weather is in the forecast.

I am very curious to check on conditions up on Peavine Ridge. It is currently (7:00 a.m.) 4 F (-15.6 C) at Loon Lake.

Things are shaping up well for an outing next week.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on February 23, 2018, 03:52:47 PM
Robert, I'm glad to see your late winter arriving finally...I wonder if the pattern will repeat itself later in this part of the world. Actually climatic change may even change from what used to be fairly symmetrical climatic conditions with six months of difference. Thus your climatic data are extremely useful even so far away and removed. We had our first summer monsoonal rain with 15 mm. rainfall and cool weather for a few days until summer sets back again. Most changes for fall colour are simply mechanisms to reduce summer drought stress ( i.e early leaf dropping or change of colour) I suppose that the same does occurr there specially during drought years. When do you expect spring warming to arrive? Winter weather may take over spring time...also something that may repeat itself later here as well.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: David Nicholson on February 23, 2018, 05:30:01 PM
We are also likely to get a very cold spell over the next few days. It will sweep in from the East from Siberia the weather people tell us so the Eastern side of England will get it the neck and can probably expect some snow. Here in Western England I doubt if we shall have snow but can expect it to be dry for a change. One should be grateful for small mercies?
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 24, 2018, 05:24:04 AM
Arturo,

Typically, spring type weather begins to arrive in the Sacramento area now. So the degree of the current cold weather pattern is a bit unusual. In the Sacramento area, the date of the last frost is approximately 15 March, plus or minus, depending on where one is located in the Sacramento Valley. At the Placerville farm, spring type weather arrives about a month later. The last frost date at the farm is 1 May, however the farm is in a frost pocket. In the foothill thermal belts, the last frost is closer to 15 April.

Having said all of this, the Sierra Nevada foothill weather is extremely variable in relationship to the nearby Sacramento Valley. Back in the 1980’s we had a major snowstorm on 1 April. I recorded 6” (15 cm) of snow at the farm during this event. Snow at the farm in March, with a fair amount of accumulation, is not unusual. There is an old time saying in our foothill area that it “snows on the dogwoods” i.e. when the native dogwoods, Cornus nuttallii, are flowering.

There have been clear changes in the weather since 1967 when I first started recording weather data in our area. Back in the 1960’s and 1970’s it would occasionally snow in the Sacramento area. This never occurs now. There has been a gradual but definite rise in the snow level. In addition, over the past 35 years I have recorded a 1.5 F, 0.8 C, rise in the average annual temperature at the farm. Considering the short period of time, this is a very significant rise in temperature. This data follows the same trend recorded by climate scientist around the globe.

All of this impacts our gardens and species in their natural habitats. My current project is an attempt to record these changings in the higher elevations of Eldorado National Forest, particularly on the western slope of the Crystal Range. I am currently working out a system to record high and low temperatures, precipitation, snowfall and snow cover and other meteorological data at various sites that represent various microclimates/ecosystems. I prefer manual data collection to electronic transfer of information, as there are always subtleties to notice and record when visiting a site, as well as a number of other good reasons.

Yesterday, I got the Peavine Ridge site operational (a few minor bugs still need to be worked out). Today the high temperature was 32 F (0 C), the low 6 F (-14.4 C); at 2:00 p.m. the relative humidity was 51% and the dew point 16 F (-8.9 C); there was 25 cm of snow cover on the ground, and 0.41 inches (10.4 mm) of precipitation fell in the form of snow during the 24 hour period. My new portable anemometer arrived today. I recorded the wind out of the north at 5 mph, gusting to 10 mph. By manually visiting the site I could examine the snow cover on both the southern exposures of the ridge as well as the northern exposures (the recording site is on the crest). I also noticed that the birds had vacated the area. 3 weeks ago during the unseasonably warm spell there was considerable bird activity in this area. Of coarse, I am always paying attention to the plants and noting any possible correlation between the condition of the flora and the current/recent weather conditions. If I can continue this project long enough, significant long-term trends may emerge.

I am very curious of the degree of summer/autumn monsoonal activity you are experiencing this year? Last summer, our monsoonal season was fairly strong. I recorded and reported one significant thunderstorm event to the U.S. Weather Service. The year before the monsoonal season was weak. Arturo please keep me informed of the monsoonal activity in your area. There could be a link between your weather patterns and what is occurring elsewhere (read below). We do know that there is a link with the ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation).

David,

Thank you so much for sharing the current UK weather pattern with me. Does the UK experience cold storms out of the north often? Are the storms starved for moisture or do they pick up moisture as they pass over the northern seas? I have read books on the “Little Ice Age” and the weather pattern that supported this phenomenon in Europe i.e. the track of prevailing low-pressure systems in the North Atlantic (north or south). As I remember, persistent high-pressure systems in the northern part of the North Atlantic encourage the flow of cold air from the artic southward.

Our current weather pattern is a bit odd. There has been persistent ridging over the eastern Pacific Ocean off the western coast of the U.S.A. since the end of January 2018. Our current “wet” pattern is the result of the retrograde motion of this persistent ridge, rather than our usual winter wet pattern with broad west coast troughs (storm track). Most of the storms moving through our region are cold and starved for moisture. Currently we are running at 59% average precipitation to date.

There is increasing evidence that the Madden-Julian Oscillation has at least some effect on our weather here in the western U.S.A. It would be equally interesting to understand if the MJO has an impact on European weather. Recently, the Madden-Julian Oscillation reached it highest amplitude in recorded history. It also appears to be stationary in its current phase. This is highly unusual as the MJO generally makes a complete cycle of all phases in 30 to 60 days. Certainly other factors govern our weather patterns, however it is extremely interesting following the patterns of this phenomenon and note if there are any correlations.

A few photographs from Peavine Ridge today, 23 February.

[attachimg=1]

Snow on the Crystal Range

[attachimg=2]

A southern slope/exposure with good snow cover (for once this season).

[attachimg=3]

Snow in the Sierra Nevada - this looks normal.

[attachimg=4]

Stratocumulus in the distance.

Several more cold storms are forecast to arrive in the next week. I am still planning an outing rain or shine for next week. Most likely at a much lower elevation.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Jacek on February 24, 2018, 12:07:46 PM
Quote from winter weather thread:

I'm not a climatologist, but I observe that when we (in Europe) have warm winter, you (in US/Canada) have cold spell and vice versa. I checked the current temp in Chicago and it is + 3 C right now - rather warm, I believe. I observe the weather measurements made by Robert in California - they also have a cold spell now. Is it coincidence or a rule?

Robert, any opinion?
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 24, 2018, 02:36:16 PM
Jacek,

My opinion?

First, have not been following the Winter Weather thread.  :-[   :-[   :-[

I did check it out briefly and will now follow it on a regular basis and add comments as I can.

I'm not a climatologist either, however I do have contact with people who are climatologist.

What I have noticed is that during the wintertime when there is strong ridging over the eastern Pacific Ocean off the west coast of the U.S.A. and Canada the central and eastern parts of the U.S.A. experience cold weather. This is easy to see on a time lapse 500 mb map of the U.S.A. and Canada. It has been awhile since I have looked at the European 500 mb maps. I am a bit busy with my current projects, but this is something for me to consider.

What I will do, is post some of my data on the Winter Weather thread. It might help make some sense of some of our California species. Some of our species grow over a tremendous climatic range. Aspidotis densa is a good example, however there are many others. Recently, I started pondering climatic habitat variations within the range of Calochortus minimus. The low elevation forms certainly grow under different conditions from those found at higher elevations. I am currently growing some low elevations forms. The hope is that they will be easier to cultivate in our garden.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: David Nicholson on February 26, 2018, 12:28:27 PM
...................................David,

Thank you so much for sharing the current UK weather pattern with me. Does the UK experience cold storms out of the north often? Are the storms starved for moisture or do they pick up moisture as they pass over the northern seas? I have read books on the “Little Ice Age” and the weather pattern that supported this phenomenon in Europe i.e. the track of prevailing low-pressure systems in the North Atlantic (north or south). As I remember, persistent high-pressure systems in the northern part of the North Atlantic encourage the flow of cold air from the artic southward...............


Robert, I know next to nothing about the technicalities of our weather patterns but I do spend a lot of time moaning about them. I suppose being a small Island we tend to get a lot of variety with the prevailing wind direction being mainly from the South West, so a lot of moisture, which we are used to. If we get winds from the East in winter it will always be cold and those of us who live in the South Western parts of England are not particularly used to cold. Normally it doesn't get too hot and neither does it get too cold. The cold spell we have currently is rare, if it happens as is being suggested. In the South West we get a lot of winds but these do seem to be stronger than they used to be. So not a lot I can add.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 26, 2018, 02:21:47 PM
Hi David,

Thank you for filling me in a bit on your weather patterns. I am following the winter weather thread now. I am sure I will learn more as I follow along and ask questions.  8)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on February 27, 2018, 11:55:14 PM
A big storm is forecast for Wednesday night and Thursday (28th p.m. & 1 March).

Outing day will be tomorrow, 28 February. After checking the new Peavine rRdge weather site, I will be moving down the mountain to Kanaka Valley.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 01, 2018, 02:53:46 PM
I had a good outing yesterday.  :)

[attachimg=1]

I spent a short amount of time on Peavine Ridge working with my weather instruments.

[attachimg=2]

I spent the remaining time down the mountain at Kanaka Valley.

There is much to report and I hope to have something posted soon.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 04, 2018, 03:32:53 PM
KANAKA VALLEY
El Dorado County, California

Thursday, 28 February 2018

Sacramento Weather
Weather: High Clouds
Temperature, High: 61 F, 16.1 C
                       Low: 38 F, 3.3 C
Precipitation: 0.00, to date: 8.49 inches (216 mm), average to date: 13.02 inches (331 mm).

Placerville Weather
Weather: High Clouds
Temperature, High: 56 F, 13.3 C
                       Low: 27 F, -2.8 C
Precipitation: 0.00, to date: 14.87 inches (378 mm), average to date: 24.71 inches (628 mm).


The weather during February was very unusual. The month started out extremely dry and warm. During the first two weeks of the month temperatures were well above average, with record to near record high temperatures. A few daily high temperature records were broken or tied. The second half of the month was extremely cold. Many daily low temperature records were broken. The month continued very dry with little or no precipitation until the very last days of the month.

It had been a month since I had been out in the field for the whole day. I was very curious to see what sort of impact the anomalous weather conditions might have on our local flora.

[attachimg=1]

My first stop for the day was Peavine Ridge. I had set up the first of what will be several weather observation sites in the higher elevations of Eldorado National Forest. After taking measurements and adjusting some sensors, I was eager to move to lower terrain and see how spring was progressing.

I did take a few notes before I left Peavine Ridge. Back on 1 February many of the Arctostaphylos species were in full bloom. It was very clear the open flowers and flower buds had difficulty adjusting to the extreme change in temperatures.

I am very pleased that I can quantify, in more detail, my weather observations at this site. Early in the month daytime temperatures were often very warm. High temperatures in the low to mid 60’s F (15.5 to 18.3 C) were frequent readings. There were few nights with freezing temperatures, which is extremely unusual for this time of year at this elevation. There was little or no snow cover. The latter portion of the month was very cold for late February (not for December or January) with many below freezing nights. The weather continued to be dry. There was no snow cover for many of the newly emerging herbaceous perennial species, as well as the young annuals coming into growth due to the previous warm temperatures. Low temperatures dipped to 6 F (-14.4 C) or near this level for much of this period. Finally near the end of the month the precipitation returned in the form of snow. On this day, I measured 20 cm of snow on the ground. This is a historically low snow cover for this date, however the plants now had some protection from the cold. It is going to be extremely interesting to observe the impact, if any; the weather has on the flora as the season progresses.

[attachimg=2]

After spending the early morning on Peavine Ridge, I traveled down the mountain to Kanaka Valley. My starting point was 1,056 feet (322 meters), well below Peavine Ridge at 5,146 feet (1,569 meters). It was 54 F (12.2 C) at 11:30 a.m., very different from the 32 F (0 C) on Peavine Ridge at 8:45 a.m.

My prime objective on this day was to see if I could find a route to Sweetwater Creek. I set off to explore a promising trail I had located on my previous outing to this area.

[attachimg=3]

I had last visited Kanaka Valley on 1 February of this year. At that time Whiteleaf Manzanita, Arctostaphylos viscida ssp. viscida, was just coming into its flowering cycle. With all of the warm weather earlier in the month I thought that they might have already finished blooming. This was not the case. Many plants were still blooming, however I also observed that the flowers were suffering a bit from the extreme cold weather.

[attachimg=4]

As I traveled along the trail, I found large colonies of Primula (Dodecatheon) hendersonii in shaded sites under the native oaks.

[attachimg=5]

A few had flowering stems that were beginning to extend and show some color. At this time, I did not see any in bloom.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 04, 2018, 03:36:26 PM
[attachimg=1]

There were definite signs of cold weather stress on many of the plant species. Normally the foliage of Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata is lush and bright green this time of year. The yellowish discolored foliage is indicative of cold weather stress.

The old dry inflorescences of Medusa head, Elymus caput-medusae, can also be seen in this photograph. It is just one of many invasive annual grasses that now occupy much of California (as well as many other locations in the western North America).

[attachimg=2]

Mistletoes can be quite common on our native oaks. This Blue Oak, Quercus douglasii, is heavy infested with Phoradendron serotinum ssp. macrophyllum, a common mistletoe seen on oaks in California.

[attachimg=3]

A number of Sanicula species are frequently seen at this elevation this time of year. Sanicual bipinnata is very interesting, as the foliage smells quite strongly with the fragrance of Cilantro.

[attachimg=4]

Lichens are very abundant at this site. Various species can be found growing on soil, stems and twigs of plants, or rocks. Xanthoparmelia species are found growing on rocks and a number of different species can be seen in this area.

[attachimg=5]

The trail alternated between open grassy areas and oak woodland/oak savannah.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 04, 2018, 03:42:05 PM
[attachimg=1]

I one area I found a large colony of Erythronium multiscapideum growing partly in an oak woodland and partly under the dense neighboring chaparral. I arrived a bit too early to see them in bloom. Many had flower buds, however I did not find any that had opened yet.

[attachimg=2]

The trail I was hiking ended abruptly in a wall of dense chaparral. I followed the perimeter of the chaparral for some distance without finding a route through the tangled mass of branches.

At this point I decided to backtrack and explore another area. In a shaded woodland, I found a small stand of California Buckeye, Aesculus californica, with new growth. The growth had been heavily frosted and there were subtle signs that the new growth was stressed.

[attachimg=3]

There were a few species in bloom. In grassy open areas, I occasionally encountered colonies of Calandrinia ciliata (pictured) in bloom. In more shaded locations, there were a few open flowers on Ranunculus occidentalis var. occidentalis.

[attachimg=4]

Lupinus albifrons var albifrons is found in dry open sunny areas. This specimen had unique narrow leaflets.

[attachimg=5]

Other specimens were well into new growth with flower buds that would be opening shortly.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 04, 2018, 03:45:54 PM
[attachimg=1]

As I hiked up a grassy hillside, I continued to find evidence of cold weather stress on the flora. Hairy Vetch, Vicia villosa, is an invasive species and is also generally considered to be quite cold hardy. The warm weather earlier in the month had produced lush tender new growth on these Vetch plants. Now this new growth was bleached-out by the recent extreme cold weather.

[attachimg=2]

Even more extreme was the blackened new growth on the Poison Oak, Toxicodendron diversilobum. The Poison Oak will easily recover and sprout new growth.

[attachimg=3]

Buckbrush, Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus, is an early blooming species. I did see one plant in full bloom as I drove to the staging area. Most of the plants I saw on this outing had swollen flowers buds, but no open flowers.

[attachimg=4]

For me, it is always enjoyable to see if I can identify a species in any stage of growth or non-growth. The dried flower heads of Navarretia pubescens was easy to spot as I walked in the open grassy areas.

[attachimg=5]

Despite the cold weather there was fair amount of insect activity. I spotted this Bubble Bee, Bombus sp., flying among the dry grasses. Earlier in the day I spotted the first Dragonfly, Order Odonata, of the season. It may have been a Pacific Spiketail, Cordulegaster dorsalis, but it quickly flew away before I could get a good look at it.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 04, 2018, 03:50:48 PM
[attachimg=1]

The next storm was approaching and the wind was blowing fiercely at times. There were a few Primula (Dodecatheon) hendersonii blooming in a woodland near the crest of a hill. Sadly, the wind was gusting too strongly for me to get a decent photograph.

[attachimg=2]

Umbilicaria phaea is a common lichen species seen on rocks in this area. The lichens are attractive and can be photographed when it is extremely windy.

[attachimg=3]

Umbilicaria phaea is often seen growing in conjusction with Xanthoparmelia species.

[attachimg=4]

Even the flower buds of Iris macrosiphon were affected by the cold weather. One can see the yellowish discoloration on this flower bud.

[attachimg=5]

In more protected locations the flowers buds on Iris macrosiphon were completely unaffected by the cold.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 04, 2018, 03:56:28 PM
[attachimg=1]

Lomatium utriculatum is an early blooming species. I found this single specimen blooming in a grassy area as I explored the perimeter of another dense stand of chaparral.

[attachimg=2]

As always the day was coming to a close. It was time to hike back to the Outback and return to my home in Sacramento. Although I was very busy with other things in February, I was pleased to be out again. The timing is perfect as the early blooming season is now just getting started.

Birds seen on this outing:
Hermit Thrush, Hylocichla guttata
Turkey Vulture, Cathartes aura
Western Bluebird, Sialia mexicana – The Bluebirds were noticeably abundant and active (breeding season!).
American Robin, Turdus migratorius
Plain Titmouse, Parus inornatus
White-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis
Hutton’s Vireo, Vireo huttoni
Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Regulus calendula

With winter conditions on Peavine Ridge, it was very quiet. There was not much in the way of bird activity. I did see the following birds:
Mountain Chickadee, Parus gambeli
Red-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta canadensis

Now to consider my next outing this coming week.

Until the next time……..
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 09, 2018, 03:06:55 PM
[attachimg=1]

I had a very enjoyable and productive outing yesterday.

I spent the morning on Peavine Ridge checking on my instrumentation. Everything was working perfectly! It was also great to see a more "normal" snow pack on the ridge.

[attachimg=2]

I spent the afternoon at Sweetwater Creek. It was a perfect early spring day with many species of plants coming into bloom. For the most part the photographs turned out well too. There is much to share, including some pleasant surprises.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 15, 2018, 11:59:11 AM
SWEETWATER CREEK
El Dorado County, California

Thursday, 8 March 2018

Sacramento Weather
Weather: Broken Clouds
Temperature, High: 69 F, 20.6 C
                       Low: 50 F, 10.0 C
Precipitation: 0.04 inches (1.0 mm), To date: 10.45 inches (265 mm)

Placerville Weather
Weather: Broken Clouds
Temperature, High: 72 F, 22.2 C
                       Low: 45 F, 7.2 C
Precipitation: Trace, To date: 16.52 inches (420 mm), Average to date: 26.90 inches (683 mm)


[attachimg=1]

Thursday morning was overcast and mild in Sacramento. A few light rain showers were moving through the area, as moist subtropical air moved into the region. This was an abrupt change from the cold arctic air and record breaking cold temperatures we were experiencing only a few days earlier.

My first stop for the morning was Peavine Ridge. All of the instruments at the Peavine Ridge weather observation site were now in place and functioning properly. My goal is to do regular manual observations of the weather conditions and also record how the native plants and ecosystems respond to the changing conditions.

The stormy weather during the previous few days had been very cold with low snow levels. My first stop on Peavine Ridge was at a regular low elevation weather observation site, 3,625 feet (1,105 meters). It was 37 F (2.8 C) at 8:00 a.m. The cold air from the previous few days had not been scoured out of the low mountain valleys by the new warm air mass. A few light rain showers moved through the area as I measured the snow depth and water content. There was 25 cm of snow on the ground with a moisture content equivalent of 2.77 inches (70 mm), not bad for this time of year.

Next I moved on, to the “Summit’ site on Peavine Ridge, 5,146 feet (1,569 meters). Here the warm moist air mass had changed conditions. It was 41 F (5 C) at 9:00 a.m. Generally it is warmer at the first site than on the crest of Peavine Ridge. I was very pleased to measure 58.5 cm of snow on the crest of Peavine Ridge. This was a more typical measurement for this site, compared to the, more or less, snowless conditions during much of the winter. The water content equivalent of the snow was 4.36 inches (111 mm). This is an example of how much water can be stored in the Sierra Nevada snow pack. This water content is extremely important to the ecology of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and human water supplies in California during the summer and early autumn.

[attachimg=2]

After completing my work on Peavine Ridge, I moved down the mountain to Sweetwater Creek. Much of the Sweetwater Creek drainage is held in private ownership. There is public access to the last portion of Sweetwater Creek before it enters the South Fork of the American River. This is within Folsom Lake State Park.

I reached the staging area, 490 feet (149 meters), at 12:30 p.m. Much of the thick cloudiness had dispersed and the temperature was on the rise. It was 69 F (20.6) and a bit humid with a relative humidity of 59%.

I first starting coming to this site during the early 1970’s. Botanically, it is a very interesting area. The gabbro rock formations have a considerable influence on the flora of this region. Many rare and endemic species are located in this area, making it an excellent site to explore. I almost always find something new or see things from a different perspective after visiting this area.

[attachimg=3]

I set off down one of the trails through the chaparral. There is some oak woodland and oak savannah habitats in this area, however much of the region is covered with thick chaparral, dominated by Chamise, Adenostoma fasciculatum.

[attachimg=4]

This site is one of the few places where Garrya congdonii grows abundantly in our part of California. Spring is arriving and the hanging racemes of this species were well on their way to having mature fruit.

[attachimg=5]

The warm weather and longer days had many plants advancing into active growth, such as this Garrya congdonii.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 15, 2018, 12:02:49 PM
[attachimg=1]

The highly aromatic, Salvia sonomensis grows abundantly under and around the chaparral shrubbery. It will not be long and they will be blooming.

[attachimg=2]

Penstemon heterophyllus var. purdyi is a fairly common species frequently seen in the lower elevations of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Sweetwater Creek is near the low elevation limit for this species in this part of California.

[attachimg=3]

Muhlenbergia rigens, Deer Grass, is one of our native perennial bunchgrasses. Much of our California bunchgrass habitat has been lost. It is great to see their habitat, more or less, protected by the State Park. Here their numbers can thrive and multiply.

[attachimg=4]

In places huge clumps of Iris macrosiphon lined the trail. The clumps must be very old.

[attachimg=5]

This area is a great place to poke around and look for interesting lichen species. This fallen branch was well colonized by Flavopuctelia flaventior (cream-green), Evernia prunastris (lacey, branch fork lower left), Xanthomedoza hasseana (bright orange) and Candelaria sp. (yellowish-orange – most likely C. pacifica). In an area of rocky chaparral I found Aspicilia confusa, Chaparral sunken disk lichen (too small to photograph).
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 15, 2018, 12:06:40 PM
[attachimg=1]

The Asteraceae, Grindelia camporum, is a common species in the chaparral plant community. The gum found in the heads of the yellow flowers is said to be a good remedy for Poison Oak induced dermatitis.

[attachimg=2]

In one of the wooded areas, near a seasonal creek, there were many colonies of Artemisia douglasiana. This perennial will grow to 1 to 1.3 meters in height and, as might be expected, has aromatic foliage.

[attachimg=3]

Sweetwater Creek is one of the few areas where Ceanothus palmeri grows abundantly in our part of California. This species may not be listed as rare, however I am happy to see this uncommon species (uncommon in our area – it can be quite common in other areas) protected by the State Park.

[attachimg=4]

It will not be long until the shrubby Lupinus albifrons var. albifrons starts blooming. The flowers are very showy, and the silvery foliage is dramatic during all the seasons.

[attachimg=5]

The annual Asteraceae, Lasthenia californica ssp. californica, can be extremely showy. The flowers are quite small, however the species can grow in huge dense colonies covering many acres of land. This is an amazing springtime sight in California.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 15, 2018, 12:12:53 PM
[attachimg=1]

In places the Goldfields, Lasthenia californica, were mixed with the equally small red-violet flowers of Calandrinia ciliata.

[attachimg=2]

In other dry habitats, Eriophyllum lanatum was seen. The plants in this area were most likely variety grandiflorum. This species, too, can sometimes be seen growing in mass. At times whole mountainsides can be carpeted with this species. When seen in bloom this is a spectacular sight.

[attachimg=3]

Buckbrush, Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus was starting to bloom.

[attachimg=4]

In many ways, Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus can be quite spectacular when in full bloom. The thickly pollen scented flowers are pleasant to encounter on a warm day. In addition, blooming plants are magnets for insect life. Hoards of Hymenoptera can be found hovering around a blooming plant, with an occasional Lepidoptera arriving for a sip of nectar.

[attachimg=5]

Goldback Fern, Pentagramma triangularis, can be found growing abundantly in many Sierra Nevada foothill locations. This was one of a number of fern species I encountered on this outing.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on March 15, 2018, 12:18:21 PM
Nice to see the progress of your spring, Robert.

We are back in the grip of cold weather and it is very few signs of spring yet. Some of the very early crocuses and snowdrops have been damaged as they started out before the very cold type of weather hit us.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 15, 2018, 12:19:14 PM
[attachimg=1]

The blooming season of Whiteleaf Manzanita, Arctostaphylos viscida ssp. viscida, had not ended and there were still a number of plants in bloom along my route. At one site, I was privileged to see an amazing sight. The first flight of Pipevine Swallowtail Butterflies, Battus philenor, fluttered around a large blooming Manzanita plant. Occasionally the colorful Sara’s Orangetip, Anthocharis sara, arrived to sip at the nectar. This was a rare encounter, but unfortunately impossible to capture with my camera.

[attachimg=2]

Everywhere plants were in growth, many budded and ready to bloom, like this chaparral Clematis, Clematis lasinatha.

[attachimg=3]

At one location I found a large colony of the late blooming Wyethia angustifolia. This is one of three species of Wyethia that can be found growing in this area, and generally the last to bloom.

[attachimg=4]

Coyote Mint, Monardella villosa, was seen occasionally along my route. This species has showy lavender-purple flowers and minty aromatic foliage.

[attachimg=5]

Lichens can be found grow on twigs, branches, bark, soil, and rocks. This Lecanora species is generally found growing on tree bark. It was definitely of the Lecanora chlarotera group.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 15, 2018, 12:23:52 PM
[attachimg=1]

At one point in my journey I hiked through an area of dense chaparral. Here I found Lepechinia calycina. Like many chaparral species the foliage of Lepechinia is very aromatic.

[attachimg=2]

Chaparral Honeysuckle, Lonicera interrrupta, could be seen scrambling through the branches and foliage of the taller chaparral shrubs.

[attachimg=3]

The showy Bush Monkeyflower, Mimulus aurantiacus var. aurantiacus, is at home in this chaparral environment. Its bright yellowish-orange flowers can be seen for many weeks during the spring.

[attachimg=4]

Hiding in the shade of some of the taller chaparral shrubs were specimens of Scrophularia californica. The flowers of this species are interesting but not especially showy.

[attachimg=5]

As I moved into a Blue Oak Woodland, Quercus douglasii, I found a large colony of Sanicula crassicaulis. I almost always find this species growing singly or in scattered small groupings. For me at least, it was unusual to find so many growing together in one location.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 15, 2018, 12:28:56 PM
[attachimg=1]

The shaded oak woodland was perfect habitat for Primula (Dodecatheon) hendersonii. Many plants were in their prime and looked great with their colorful nodding flowers.

[attachimg=2]

The first flowers of Nemophylla heterophylla were starting to open. The flowers are quite small, however they can look fantastic when seen blooming in mass.

[attachimg=3]

On a shaded, north facing, rocky slope the Apiaceae, Tauschia hartwegii, was in bloom with it unassuming yellowish-green flowers.

[attachimg=4]

This was also the perfect habitat for the Maidenhair Fern, Adiantum jordanii. This attractive fern has black stipes that contrast dramatically with the delicate green leaflets.

[attachimg=5]

Polypodium calirhiza was another fern species that grew in this rocky, shaded habitat.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 15, 2018, 12:32:53 PM
[attachimg=1]

Eventually I moved out of the shaded terrain to a rocky, but very sunny habitat. Here the first flowers of Castilleja foliolosa had started to open. It was also late in the day and time to return to the Outback.

[attachimg=2]

As I started my hike back to the Outback, I encountered a variegated sport on Lepechinia. Such sports are a bit unusual but not rare. I have tried propagating sports such as this one, but generally find that they are difficult to maintain. Generally the plant reverts to its usual green phase and I never see the variegation again, but there are always exceptions.

[attachimg=3]

This was an exceptional early season outing. I encountered many species of plants and was thrilled to encounter the Pipevine Swallowtail and Sara’s Orangetip Butterflies. The weather was warm and spring-like, a complete delight.

Until next time……….
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 15, 2018, 12:37:57 PM
Nice to see the progress of your spring, Robert.

We are back in the grip of cold weather and it is very few signs of spring yet. Some of the very early crocuses and snowdrops have been damaged as they started out before the very cold type of weather hit us.

Hi Trond,

The weather has been strange here. At least we are getting some much needed precipitation.

I will be very busy for the next 5 days or so, but then I will fill you in on the cool  8)  things that are going on here in California.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 27, 2018, 05:09:17 AM
[attachimg=1]

I observed the first flight of California Tortoiseshells, Nymphalis californica, today on Peavine Ridge. They can be uncommon or even rare, except during an irruptive year. Maybe this will be one of those years. I saw three at one site and Peavine Ridge has plenty of Ceanothus the preferred food source for their larva.

It was a bit cool today, but clear. Today's snow survey revealed that despite some snow during the past three days, the snow pack is melting rather quickly. With warm and sunny weather forecast this week, much of the snow on Peavine Ridge may be gone by the end of the week. In the mean time, I may be able to get out to visit the wildflowers this week (next week for sure). Spring is here in our part of Northern California and the wildflowers will be out.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 29, 2018, 01:36:22 AM
[attachimg=1]

Despite warm springtime weather, the snow pack on Peavine Ridge (5,146 feet, 1,569 meters) is holding up well. As of 28 March there was 32 cm of snow on the ground with a liquid equivalent of 5.55 inches (141mm).

[attachimg=2]

On exposed sunny slopes, patches of exposed ground have appeared as the snow melts. Yesterday’s high temperature on the ridge was 61 F (16.1 C), the low temperature was 33 F (0.6 C). It was 64 F (17.8 C) today as I recorded measurements. The annual, Lupinus stiversii is perking up quickly after being buried for a number of weeks by up to 64 cm of wet heavy snow.

[attachimg=3]

Sanincula tuberosa also rebounded quickly. This early blooming species will display its yellow flowers shortly.

[attachimg=4]

Viola purpurea ssp. integrifolia has emerged from the ground. It is one of 4 taxa of Viola that I have observed on Peavine Ridge.

[attachimg=5]

This is one of my favorite vistas of the Crystal Range from Peavine Ridge. Readers of this diary have seen the vista numerous times. I never tire of the beautiful view.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on March 29, 2018, 08:24:13 AM
Agree Robert, it is a beautiful view! I like to see the plants rebounding after winter. Not much of it up here!

Here at the mountain cabin it is still very cold (-23C/-10F the last nights) and lots of snow! Everything is covered by at least 1m snow. Only this Salix myrsinites shows a few twigs. 

[attachimg=1]


A strange looking pine (Pinus sylvestris) grows close to the trail not far from the cabin. It was damaged by lightening some years ago so therefore it is not as symmetric as it once was.

[attachimg=2]


Another younger one (a seedling?) grows nearby.

[attachimg=3]
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 29, 2018, 02:16:37 PM
Trond,

The snow can be very beautiful. It must be nice around your cabin!  :)  The pine in, the photograph, seems somewhat fastigate. Is this common or a bit unusual? When might the snow melt from the ground and plants start into growth?

I have been tempted to hike into the higher terrain to see how much snow is on the ground. On Peavine Ridge, "spring" snow conditions exist. The snow is very wet and soft. If the snow had been around since January (normal conditions) much of the snow would be frozen hard, especially near the base of the accumulations. The weather was so strange this winter. I would have to hike to 8,000 feet (2,438 meters) to find much snow that fell back in January.

I may be tempted to hike into the high country, but many wildflowers are now blooming at the lower elevations. This weekend I will have an opportunity to check things out a bit. In the mean time I have more work to do on Peavine Ridge.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on March 29, 2018, 06:09:09 PM
Robert,

I agree, the snow can be very beautiful! And with this cold weather the skiing is easy also. No fuzz about preparing the skis.

The pine is fastigiate and it is very uncommon. I have only seen these two trees with this form.

Usually we will have some plants in bloom in late April or early May (Pulsatilla vernalis, Potentilla crantzii, Viola rupestris, Noccaea caerulescens) but this year  - I don't know. It depends on the weather.  If we get warm weather the snow melts quickly but if the weather stays cold . . .who knows!

Back home the earliest wild spring flowers are in bloom (Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus ficaria).
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 30, 2018, 05:06:16 AM
Trond,

Sounds like you could have a late spring this year?

Here in Northern California the weather has been very strange since autumn with various anomalous extremes. Now, spring has arrived in the lower elevations. I have one more day of work on Peavine Ridge and then I can take some time to see what is going on at the lower elevations. The weather is perfect.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on March 30, 2018, 12:07:42 PM
We have a rather nice fastigiate Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in our front garden - it is to the left in this image, a Bulb Log cover pic from week 35 of 2016....

[attachimg=1]
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 31, 2018, 05:45:41 AM
Trond,

It looks like we have similar conditions in the higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada.  8)

[attachimg=1]

Today was my last day on Peavine Ridge this week. The Crystal Range (pictured) still has a nice blanket of snow despite the above average temperatures for this time of year. It was an incredibly balmy 67 F, 19.4 C, today on the Ridge. With these temperatures the snow was melting quickly, only 24 cm, about 9.5 inches, remaining. Many of the exposed south-facing locations were already free of snow.

[attachimg=2]

Today I was able to get a good photograph of Viola purpurea ssp. integrifolia. On Peavine Ridges, this species can be quite abundant in some locations. I have observed some very nice variations in the flower color of this subspecies. I will definitely be paying attention to them as their blooming cycle commences.

[attachimg=3]

Mimulus torreyi is one of many California native annual Monkeyflower species. I have worked out a good system for their cultivation in the garden and look forward to cultivating this species.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 31, 2018, 05:48:49 AM
[attachimg=1]

I was very curious as to the snow depth a bit up the road from my favorite Peavine Ridge hangouts. There was a fair amount of snow around Ice House Reservoir, 5,455 feet (1,663 meters). I measured 30 cm (one foot) + or – depending on the exposure to the sun.

[attachimg=2]

In the distance there was a view of Pyramid Peak. The snow was melting quickly where there was exposure to the sun for much of the day. It was a very comfortable 63 F, 17.2 C. It will be interesting to see how long the snow remains with temperatures like this.

[attachimg=3]

The road to Wrights Lake and the staging areas to the high country of the Crystal Range will not be passible by regular auto traffic for a while. There was over 30 cm (one foot) of snow on the pavement (deeper elsewhere). When I did a core sample, the base of the snow was rock hard ice that will not melt quickly, especially in shaded areas. There were plenty of indications that the road had been traveled by 4x4’s with floatation tires, snowmobiles, and some hardy souls using cross-country skis.

There is another route into Wrights Lake and I have curiosity on its condition. Tomorrow the priority is the check on the blooming wildflowers at the lower elevations (much lower!).
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on March 31, 2018, 07:10:57 AM
We have a rather nice fastigiate Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in our front garden - it is to the left in this image, a Bulb Log cover pic from week 35 of 2016....


Maggi, I didn't remember that! Have you bought it or found it as a seedling?
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on March 31, 2018, 07:16:53 AM
Trond,

It looks like we have similar conditions in the higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada.  8)



Robert,

Maybe it's the same in the mountains but you definitely have warmer temperatures at lower levels!

Nice leaves on the young plants. They seem to have little competition?
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on March 31, 2018, 11:57:13 AM
Maggi, I didn't remember that! Have you bought it or found it as a seedling?
It came as a young plant from Hilliers Nursery many years ago. All the growth goes  upwards. It's as tall now as the lamp post nearby on the  street.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on March 31, 2018, 02:14:01 PM
Robert,

Maybe it's the same in the mountains but you definitely have warmer temperatures at lower levels!

Nice leaves on the young plants. They seem to have little competition?

Trond,

You are right, the only similarity is the current depth of the snow in the higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada. Other than the snow, temperatures here are extremely mild, even at the higher elevations. The low temperature on Peavine Ridge, 5,126 feet (1,562 meters) on 29 March was 35 F, 1.7 C. That is mild! Extremely mild for this time of year.

The forecast is for the mild weather to continue. By Thursday, more subtropical moisture is forecast to arrive. Snow levels are forecast to be, more or less, non-existent. At some point this coming week we will be hit hard by heavy rainfall - maybe more flooding as the remaining snow melts with the heavy rainfall. At least the drought status has changed from drought to abnormally dry. Generally much of the farm irrigation and municipal water supplies at the low elevations of California are supplied by snow melt in the Sierra Nevada Mountains during the late spring and early summer months. If the current conditions continue, all the snow will be gone by 1 May! On average, temperatures have been far above average since the autumn here in Northern California.

You are correct the plants in this area have minimal competition. Much of Peavine Ridge is capped by ancient (recent in geological time) andesite deposits. In many locations, it has not broken down much. It creates a situation where there is some unique flora. There are a number of species that are, more or less, endemic to Peavine Ridge. In addition, the range of a number of species is extended into the Peavine Ridge area due partly to the unique geology of the area.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 01, 2018, 03:38:56 PM
[attachimg=1]

Spring has arrived in foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Once again this season, the weather has swung from one extreme to another. Yesterday’s high temperature was 82 F (27.8 C). This was within 1 F of the record high for the date.

I spent a good part of Saturday, 31 March checking up on some of my favorite wildflower sites in El Dorado County. Much of the South Fork of the American River is undeveloped or public land. This was a good place to start.

[attachimg=2]

An old friend, Lupinus albifrons var. albifrons is in peak bloom now. The dry south facing slopes and ledges of the South Fork of the American River is a great location to see this attractive Bush Lupine.

[attachimg=3]

Buckbrush, Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus also thrives in the xeric environment of the South Fork canyon. Many are in full bloom at this time and their pollen-like fragrance is delightful floating on the warm air. In addition, Ceanothus is an excellent food source for many of our native Lepidoptera. There were many species of butterflies out.

[attachimg=4]

The first wave of Blue Dicks, Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum is in bloom. It is the first of the Themidaceae to bloom in this area. A number of other species will be blooming is succession as the season progresses.

[attachimg=5]

Lomatium utriculatum is another early bloomer. This is the most common Lomatium species in this area. It can often be found growing abundantly in harsh, rocky, dry environments.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 01, 2018, 03:41:44 PM
[attachimg=1]

Baby Blue-eyes, Nemophila menziesii var. menziesii, is not a common species in our area, however with its large flowers this annual species creates a striking display when seen in bloom. This species prefers growing in semi-shaded sites.

[attachimg=2]

Nemophila heterophylla has much smaller flowers than N. menziesii. It, too, is often seen growing in partly shaded locations. When seen growing in mass, it is quite attractive.

[attachimg=3]

Lace pod, Thysanocarpus curvipes, is an early blooming annual member of the Brassicaceae. The tiny white flowers are not showy, however the round seedpods are very interesting.

[attachimg=4]

Sanicula bipinnatifida is a very commonly seen species in our area. The flowers of this perennial Apiaceae can be yellow or purple.

[attachimg=5]

The first flowers of Silene laciniata ssp. californica were opening. This species will bloom for an extended period of time, especially in cultivation. This species thrives in our Sacramento garden and can often be found blooming throughout the spring, summer and autumn.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 01, 2018, 03:45:19 PM
[attachimg=1]

The precipitation was on and off this winter (too often off!). Dry conditions during the winter can often adversely affect our native annual species. In general, Foothill Poppy, Eschscholzia caespitosa seemed little affected by the dry periods this winter. In places, thousands were blooming on the canyon slopes.

[attachimg=2]

Foothill Poppy, Eschscholzia caespitosa is an annual species. The flowers are large and showy. It is a great little annual that we cultivate and allow to seed around in our Sacramento garden.

[attachimg=3]

I noted four species of Lupinus in bloom on this day. On this slope the annual Lupinus bicolor can be seen blooming with Eschscholzia caespitosa.

[attachimg=4]

Lupinus bicolor has somewhat small flowers, at least in relationship to some of our other native Lupinus species. It is another species that looks great in mass or view closely.

[attachimg=5]

Foothill Sunburst is a fitting common name for Pseudobahia heermannii. This native annual is often seen growing in mass on sunny hillsides and slopes. The dry conditions earlier in the season may have adversely affect their growth as I did not see them growing densely on this outing.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 01, 2018, 03:49:18 PM
[attachimg=1]

I found one Calochortus monophyllus in bloom, high on a very steep, sunny slope. Many more will be blooming shortly.

[attachimg=2]

Acmispon wrangelianus is a small low growing annual with soft spreading hairs. This Fabaceae has small bright yellow flowers and thrives in harsh, sunny, dry locations.

[attachimg=3]

Micranthes californica is a shade loving species. It is often seen growing on rocks or on steep rocky slopes. During the summer this perennial species dries completely and disappears. With fairly small flowers, it is another species that is better appreciated when seen growing together in large quantities. I successfully grow this species in our Sacramento garden. Complete summer dryness is essential for success.

[attachimg=4]

Mimulus guttatus is a moisture loving species that is often seen growing in or near seeps. It will bloom for many months providing it stays wet.

[attachimg=5]

Sheets of Lasthenia californica ssp. californica can be seen blooming in harsh rocky environments now. This annual species is frequently seen growing on serpentine rock formations. I photographed these at Traverse Creek. Traverse Creek is a bit higher on the mountain. Despite the open sunny terrain at Traverse Creek, the blooming season is about a week or two behind other areas lower down on the mountain.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 01, 2018, 03:50:55 PM
[attachimg=1]

Triphysaria eriantha ssp. eriantha is a member of the Orobanchaceae family, a group of root-parasitic species (many are hemi-parasitic, such as Castilleja). This annual species is often seen blooming in large sheets in open sunny sites.

[attachimg=2]

I was a bit early to see Viola douglasii in bloom. There were many small flower buds on the plants. It will be a few weeks before they are in full bloom – something for me to look forward to.

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 02, 2018, 05:20:43 AM
[attachimg=1]

1 April 2018

It was another warm day in Northern California. I set off in the early afternoon to survey several potential weather observation sites in Eldorado National Forest.

My first stop was near the base of Peavine Ridge above Riverton, which is on the South Fork of the American River. I have been logging data from this site, 3,625 feet (1,105 meters), since November of 2017. It was incredibly mild, 69 F (20.6 C) when I arrived at 12:15 p.m.

From there I continued to the summit of Peavine Ridge and through the Crystal Basin to Gerle Creek. The last mile, or so, of the road to Gerle Creek (pictured) is not ploughed of snow during the winter. This is how it has been since the “new” paved road to Gerle Creek was constructed during the late 1960’s (before that the road was a narrow, single dirt track through the forest). During the 1970’s I would generally hike in over the snow to my father’s cabin during the spring holiday (Easter - Passover - etc.). Generally there was a meter or more of snow covering the road at this point. Today there was only 34 cm. I guess this is an improvement. On 17 February 2018, I drove all the way to Gerle Creek and beyond. There were only traces of snow on the ground at the Gerle Creek Bridge.

[attachimg=2]

From the Gerle Creek – Loon Lake junction, I traveled up the mountain toward Loon Lake. Chipmunk Bluff (pictured) forms the northern rim above the South Fork of the Rubicon River. Generally there is about a meter, or more, of snow at this site on 1 April. I was pleased just to see any snow at all. When I visited Loon Lake on 15 January there was no snow at all on Chipmunk Bluff!

[attachimg=3]

Looking down the drainage of the South Fork of the Rubicon River, Robbs Peak can be seen off the west-southwest.

[attachimg=4]

To the southeast, Tells Peak the northern most peak of the Crystal Range can be seen with a fair amount of snow still covering its slopes.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 02, 2018, 05:23:03 AM
[attachimg=1]

The surface of Loon Lake, 6,416 feet (1,956 meters), is generally completely frozen during the wintertime. Considering the mild temperatures this winter, I was very surprised to see any ice on the lake at all. In the distance, one can see open water. Most of the lake is actually ice free.

[attachimg=2]

I was very pleased to measure an average snow depth of 61cm (2 feet) at Loon Lake. Considering that there was no snow at all around the lake for most of the winter, this is certainly an improvement. Given the mild temperatures, 54 F (12.2 C) at 2:00 p.m., I am not sure that the snow will last long. The weather forecast is for the remnants of a typhoon to arrive later this week with heavy rains and non-existent snow levels.

[attachimg=3]

There was a fair amount of snowmelt runoff flowing down the South Fork of the Rubicon River. This site at 5,254 feet (1,601 meters) is below the Gerle Creek – Loon Lake junction.

After the stormy weather, when it clears sometime in the next 10 days or so, I will check again on the snow pack – if any. My guess is that I will be able to hike into the high elevation backcountry very early this year. In the mean time, the spring wildflowers are blooming at the lower elevations. I have a new site to check on tomorrow.

Until then……
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on April 02, 2018, 08:16:47 AM
Robert,

I love seeing your spring flora!


We are still in the grip of winter. April 1 was one of the coldest days ever for this month in S Norway and March has been one of the coldest ever. At our mountain cabin March 2018 was on average 6C colder than last year (2017). At home March was "only" 5C colder than last year.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 02, 2018, 01:42:53 PM
Trond,

Your current weather seems brutal!

What impact will this have on your garden?

To contrast, here in Northern California the average temperature in March was 2.46 F (1.37 C) below average. In other words, nothing unusual – typical variation. The truth of the matter is that our March weather consisted of huge anomalous swings in temperature, from record to near record cold, to record to near record heat and back again. As an example on Friday, 30 March, the high temperature was 82 F (27.8 C) at the El Dorado County farm, 11.3 F (6.3 C) above average. This was within 1 F (0.6 C) of tying the record for this date. Early in the month of March, many (4) record low high temperatures were broken. Late in the month 2 record low temperatures were broken. In between, strong surges of subtropical moisture swept through California. As I write, temperatures are abnormally high and another wave of subtropical moisture is taking aim at California.

Since autumn, our weather has been highly anomalous, mostly in the direction of much above average temperatures, and very dry conditions. Recently, record cold temperatures punctuated this pattern. March was very wet, but this was not record precipitation. To a certain extent, weak (and continued weakening) La Nina conditions can account for our unusual weather. Recently, there have also been strong anomalous shifts in the Madden – Julian Oscillation.

As you can, please keep us posted on your unusual weather conditions. Despite the extreme weather, I hope that your garden thrives.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on April 02, 2018, 04:01:31 PM
Robert,

Brutal is the right word! But it seems to end tomorrow when we will get back to more normal conditions.

This is my "lawn"as it is now (April 2. 2018). Bleak and burnt by the dry cold weather. Usually the grass stays green all winter.

[attachimg=1]


The bulbs seem to be affected also. The area should be covered in crocuses etc like this which is also taken today but in a spot which is more protected.

[attachimg=2]



It is too early to say anything about the shrubs.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 03, 2018, 02:45:58 AM
Trond,

The photographs look grim!

Please keep us posted as to how your garden reacts to this highly anomalous weather pattern. I am very curious how the various species adjust to the cold weather. I guess some may not survive?

I hope that you are spared the worst!

Now for some notes on today's outing.....

[attachimg=1]

2 April 2018

Early in the morning I went out to the canyon of the South Fork of the American River, El Dorado County, California to check on a new access point to the canyon. Depending on the number of changes in the sun exposure, rock substrate, moisture content of the soil, etc. a wide variety of plant species can be found in this area. Today was my first opportunity to see what this new site had to offer.

[attachimg=2]

A new trail quickly descended into the canyon to Chili Bar Reservoir.

[attachimg=3]

Claytonia parviflora ssp. grandiflora grew abundantly on the recently disturbed, and partly shaded slopes next to the trail.

[attachimg=4]

Both Sanicula crassicaulis (pictured) and S. bipinnatifida were seen in bloom as I descended into the canyon.

[attachimg=5]

Various metamorphic rock strata were exposed including a dark gray slate.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 03, 2018, 02:48:47 AM
[attachimg=1]

For the most part this new access was unproductive. I hiked back out of the canyon and set off on my own route. In some locations there were abundant seedlings of Trifolium willdenovii growing out of the steep rocky slopes. This California native clover is a favorite of mine and is cultivated in our Sacramento garden.

[attachimg=2]

I did not have much time remaining as I set off in this completely new direction. This route paid off quickly. Pellaea mucronata is seen frequently in the area, however this was my first sighting of Pellaea andromedifolia (pictured) in this area. Like Pellaea mucronata, P. andromedifolia is often found in hot, dry, sunny locations.

[attachimg=3]

The annual, Lupinus benthamii has large racemes of lavender-blue flowers. I lost this species to cultivation. I am eager to get it reestablished in our Sacramento garden. It is a showy species well worth the effort to grow.

[attachimg=4]

This was the perfect location to see Bush Lupine, Lupinus albifrons var. albifrons. They grew abundantly everywhere along this new route.

[attachimg=5]

In this area, Lupinus albifrons showed considerable variance in various characteristics. Some plants bloomed prolifically; others expressed various shades of lavender-blue in their flower color, while others had a very compact growth habit or variation is the shape and shading of the foliage.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 03, 2018, 02:51:50 AM
[attachimg=1]

The exposed rock faces were often colonized by Dudleya cymosa.

[attachimg=2]

A few had already started into bloom.

[attachimg=3]

Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum was blooming abundantly on the hot rocky slopes and cliff faces.

[attachimg=4]

This was the perfect situation! An abundant flight of Propertius Duskywings, Erynnis propertius, was attracted to the open flowers of the Dichelostemma flowers. I noted them on my previous outing to this area a few days ago, but I did not have the time to observe them closely. This time I had ample time to watch them before it was time to return to the farm.

Now it is time to get back to work. My next outing is scheduled for Thursday. We shall see. The remnants of a typhoon is scheduled to arrive about this time.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 06, 2018, 06:46:54 PM
[attachimg=1]

Yesterday was one of those days where the synchronicity of events worked out perfectly the create an outstanding day for an outing. After working on a project on Peavine Ridge, I spent the afternoon in the canyon of the South Fork of the American River.

[attachimg=2]

The wildflowers were outstanding, the weather was perfect and many of my photographs turned out okay.

[attachimg=3]

Lupinus bicolor in its prime.

[attachimg=4]

Phacelia imbricata blooming on rocky ledges and cliff faces.

[attachimg=5]

The showy flowers of Mimulus kelloggii had started to open.

I will have a full report of this outing within a week or so.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on April 07, 2018, 06:46:09 AM
Nice, Robert!

When so many different plants bloom here I would say it is summer!

Seems the spring has sprung here also. For the first time since last fall we will have a week without freezing nights and also get above 10C/50F during daytime.

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 07, 2018, 02:22:09 PM
Hi Trond,

Here in California, the latest batch of subtropical moisture has arrived. There has been heavy rainfall and no snow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. It has been far too warm. With the warm rainfall much of the snow will be gone from the Sierra. I'll know for sure when I check this week. The night time temperatures have been above freezing in the Sierra Nevada too!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Diane Whitehead on April 07, 2018, 09:15:46 PM
Robert,

There used to be an online list of where wildflowers were blooming in California
and Oregon.  Viewers would post where they had just seen them. I used to read
this to decide when to drive down from Canada.

Then it was dropped - apparently some viewers used the information to go and dig up plants.

Is there anything similar now?  I have made many trips to see early spring flowers
and late ones -  but this year I want to make a calochortus trip.

Diane
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 08, 2018, 12:24:26 AM
Hi Diane,

I am not aware of any current website that posts Wildflowers sightings and dates. You might check the California Native Plant Society main website. You might also try contacting them directly.

Many of the early blooming Calochortus species are just starting into bloom. Of coarse, this is dependent on elevation, location, and species.

In addition, it has become necessary for me to be vague as to the exact location of my outings and activities. Clearly all sorts view this diary, and sadly I have had obvious and clear indications that "locals" are aware of this diary and engage in nefarious activities based on my postings. If you need more detailed information as to where to see Calochortus species in my part of California please feel free to PM me for more details.

Despite somewhat dry condition, the wildflower season is shaping up well.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 12, 2018, 05:06:27 AM
SOUTH FORK
 of the
AMERICAN RIVER

El Dorado County, California

Thursday, 5 April 2018

Sacramento Weather
Weather: Overcast
Temperature, High: 66 F, 18.9 C
                       Low: 54 F, 12.2 C
Precipitation: 0.00 inches (0.0 mm), To date: 14.17 inches (360 mm), Average to date: 16.96 inches (431 mm)

Placerville Weather
Weather: Overcast
Temperature, High: 73 F, 22.8 C
                       Low: 49 F, 9.4 C
Precipitation: 0.00 inches (0.0 mm), To date: 25.18 inches (640 mm), Average to date: 31.08 inches (789 mm)



[attachimg=1]

Thursday, 5 April started out overcast. An atmospheric river of subtropical moisture was streaming into California. Temperatures were extremely mild for this time of the year. It was 54 F (12.2 C) as I left Sacramento in the morning and the temperature did not drop much as I drove up into the higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

I followed my usual routine on this day, gathering data on Peavine Ridge before starting my botanical activities for the day. When I arrived on the crest of Peavine Ridge it was a balmy 53 F (11.7 C) at 9:30 a.m. The snow pack from pervious weeks had melted except for a few traces here and there in the shadiest locations.

I had a fair amount of work to accomplish on the ridge before I set off for the lower reaches of the South Fork of the American River, and what I hoped would be a productive outing day. It was 11:45 a.m. when I finally arrived at my starting point for the day at 1,391 feet (424 meters). It was still very overcast, temperature 68 F (20 C).

[attachimg=2]

As I started off along the upper reaches of the American River canyon, I noticed stands of Lupinus nanus growing and blooming in the immediate area. This was a surprise, as I have never seen this species in this area before, and I have been visiting this area for decades. Some roadwork had been done recently and this Lupine may have been planted deliberately as part of an erosion control effort to stabilize the steep road cuts at the construction site as I found this species nowhere else in this area.

[attachimg=3]

The first portion of this journey followed a series of rocky cliff faces and bluffs. This was a great location to observe a wide variety of lichen species. I spent a fair amount of time examining the various species growing on the cliff faces as I worked my way along the ridge. Xanthoparmelia mexicana was quite common. Also pictured, and quite common, was a Caloplaca species (the orange lichen). I did not determine the Caloplaca to the species level. They were either C. subsoluta or C. squamosa. I will pay closer attention to them on my next outing to this area.

[attachimg=4]

Less common was the crustose lichen, Buellia spuria.

[attachimg=5]

I encounter Lepraria pacifica frequently on my travels throughout the Sierra Nevada. In this area they were fairly common on the rock faces.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 12, 2018, 05:10:06 AM
[attachimg=1]

The cliff faces were also a great place to see plants. Many of the dry, rock crevices were inhabited by Dudleya cymosa. Also seen in this photograph is Acmispon wrangelianus (right), a Fabaceae with bright yellow flowers and soft hairy foliage. This species too enjoys hot, dry, rocky slopes and cliff faces.

[attachimg=2]

There were some outstanding specimens of the annual Lupinus benthamii in the sloping ground below the vertical cliff faces.

[attachimg=3]

My timing was prefect for visiting this area. The early blooming species were at their peak and there was just enough rainfall to ensure plentiful flowers. I encountered large drifts of Foothill Poppy, Eschschlozia caespitosa, frequently as I continued along the upper canyon face.

[attachimg=4]

The sunny, dry, steep slopes and cliff faces were prefect habitat for Lupinus albifrons var. albifrons. This was just one example of they many prime specimens I encountered on this outing.

[attachimg=5]

There were subtle, but very distinct, differences in the color shade and size of the flowers among the individual specimens.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 12, 2018, 05:13:55 AM
[attachimg=1]

I soon moved into an area with very steep grassy slopes, mixed with chaparral. Large carpets of the annual Pseudobahia heermannii filled the open grassy areas. Compared to last year (a very rainy season) their display was less impressive this year, but still a delight to see.

[attachimg=2]

I was very excited when I saw a flight of Sara’s Orangetips, Anthrocharis sara, on the slope above me. The terrain was extremely steep and it took considerable effort to slowly maneuver myself up the slope without sliding back down or disturbing the butterflies.

[attachimg=3]

The most abundant Lupine seen on this outing was, by far, the annual Lupinus bicolor. Here they can be seen blooming in mass with Eschscholzia caespitosa in the background.

[attachimg=4]

I always keep an eye out for variations in the normal characteristics of any given species. These light lavender and cream flowers caught my attention, an unusual variation in the flower color of Lupinus bicolor.

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The cliff faces were never far away. Along the next section of rocky terrain there were a few Castilleja applegatei ssp. pinetorum in bloom.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 12, 2018, 05:17:40 AM
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Many Phacelia species enjoy sunny, rocky terrain and cliff faces. On this day, I encountered two species of Phacelia in this type of habitat. The annual Phacelia cicutaria has creamy-white flowers and pinnately compound leaves.

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One a few occasions I encountered Phacelia cicutaria growing in sizable colonies. Under these circumstances they created impressive displays of flowers.

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Phacelia imbricata seems to thrive in dry crevices in blasting hot full sun. It is a very common species in the lower foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

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As my trek continued, I alternated between areas with steep grassy slopes and other areas with craggy rock outcroppings and cliffs. Common Fiddleneck, Amsinckia intermedia, was frequently seen blooming in the sloping grassy habitats.

[attachimg=5]

Masses of blooming wildflowers were a common sight as I traversed the steep grassy slopes. Eschscholzia caespitosa was seen frequently blooming abundantly intermingled with Lupinus bicolor and Lupinus benthamii. In this photograph, Lupinus albifrons var. albifrons can be seen in bloom in the background bordering an area of dense chaparral.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 12, 2018, 05:21:17 AM
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After some miles, the canyon face shifted to the northeast facing exposure. The flora shifted accordingly. Here more shade loving species thrived. The annual Nemophila heterphylla was often seen blooming in large colonies in this shady habitat.

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Nemophila heterophylla often shared shady slopes with another annual Collinsia tinctoria, noted for its beautifully speckled foliage.

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The first flowers of Delphiniums patens ssp. patens were starting into bloom. This species is noted for its deep lavender-blue flowers.

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Along the shaded parts of the canyon Cynoglossum grande was also in bloom. Some specimens had come into bloom much earlier as they had already set seed that was quickly approaching ripeness.

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Micranthes californica is generally found growing on steep, deeply shaded slopes or directly on moss-covered rocks. This perennial species goes completely dormant during the summer and completely disappears. When seen growing in quantity the display of hundreds of tiny white flowers can be very impressive.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 12, 2018, 05:24:55 AM
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Parts of the canyon were forested with stands of Big Leaf Maple, Acer macrophyllum, growing as an understory of the much taller Douglas Fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii. This maple has beautiful green younger bark that is often be striated with white stripes. In addition, the large pendant racemes or panicles are attractive.

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In the most shaded and perennially moist sites, Cystoperis fragilis, Fragile Fern was found growing.

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Ceanothus integerrimus var. macrothyrsus enjoys more sun and was seen blooming where there were breaks in the forest canopy.

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Peltigera membranacea is a distinctive foliose lichen with a large brownish-gray thallus. I almost always find it growing in shady nooks on moss.

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Eventually I emerged from the shady and densely forested portion of the canyon. Large stands of Layia pentachaeta ssp. pentachaeta greeted me as I hiking into the sunshine. This native annual is quite spectacular, especially when seen blooming in mass.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 12, 2018, 05:28:55 AM
[attachimg=1]

The Turkey Vultures, Cathartes aura, were roosting in a large Douglas Fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii at the edge of the conifer forest. There was likely a carcass nearby as they were reluctant to leave the area as I passed their territory.

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The first of the Mimulus kelloggii had started to bloom. This tiny annual has large vibrantly colored flowers. At times, the blossoms are larger than the remaining portion of the plant.

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I finally encountered another extensive rock formation with many cliff faces. Colonies of Dichelostemma capitatum var. capitaum were in bloom perched on the many rocky ledges along this section.

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Jewel Flower, Streptanthus tortuosus, also took up residence on the rocky ledges. This area is near the low elevation limit for this species. Generally I encounter this species at much higher elevations in the Sierra Nevada.

[attachimg=5]

Now it was late in the day and time to return to the Outback. The wildflowers were fabulous. I could not have had a more perfect outing.

Now that I am back home, I can contemplate my next outing. Unfortunately, I have a grueling work schedule ahead as I organize an important project. Originally, I thought that I would have more time for outings, but this has not turned out as I expected. Eventually work and the wildflowers will join together in the high Sierra Nevada.  :)

Until next time…….
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on April 14, 2018, 08:46:40 AM
Robert,

no doubt, and not surprisingly, your spring is far more advanced than ours :)

Although we have summer like temperatures these days it takes time to get on schedule. I have only seen dandelions, coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara), daisy (Bellis perennis) lesser celandine (Ficaria verna) and a few other spring flowers in bloom.

It is always nice to see yours - and getting a little jealous ;)

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: ian mcdonald on April 14, 2018, 12:25:21 PM
Same species flowering here now Trond. Not long till spring flowers really show themselves, especially in woodland. It seems strange that California plants seem to enjoy a long spring/summer season. Our spring flowers soon go over and summer is here before you know it.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 14, 2018, 07:01:34 PM
[attachimg=1]

Trond, Ian,

Peavine Ridge, 13 April 2018

The first sighting of a Blue this year. It did not stick around long enough for me to identify it, but it was very sweet to see away.

On the crest of Peavine Ridge, the snow from yesterday’s snowstorm has already melted, more or less. We are having our typical springtime swings in temperature and weather. Today will be warm then more snow after that – then again warm – then more snow.

It is taking a considerable amount of effort to get my current project up and operating. I have to admit that it is frustrating for me to miss some of the wildflowers at the lower elevations of the Sierra Nevada, but then the project is already yielding data that sheds light on the climatic conditions many of our high elevation plant species contend with (in a quantitative away – no more guessing and very site specific).
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: ian mcdonald on April 14, 2018, 09:44:56 PM
Robert, the under-wings of your butterfly look similar to the holly blue, Celastrina argiolus, we get here.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 15, 2018, 12:32:56 AM
Hi Ian,

We have a number of different “Blues” (subfamily Polyommatinae) in our area. Most of the time I can identify them to the species if I get a good look at them or a good photograph. I had the camera at the wrong setting when I took the photograph and the little guy flew off quickly. We also have a Blue Copper (Lycaena heteronea) that looks a bit like a blue.

I enjoy your photographs of your native butterflies immensely.  8)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on April 15, 2018, 10:26:57 AM
Same species flowering here now Trond. Not long till spring flowers really show themselves, especially in woodland. It seems strange that California plants seem to enjoy a long spring/summer season. Our spring flowers soon go over and summer is here before you know it.

ian, I thought you were ahead of us?

 -- the summer has gone before you knew it was there ;)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on April 15, 2018, 10:30:51 AM
(Attachment Link)
...

The first sighting of a Blue this year. It did not stick around long enough for me to identify it, but it was very sweet to see away.
...


I love the blues (blåvinger = blue wings) although they are small. We have a lot of species but I can't recognize them, at least not in the field. It is still too early for them here.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: ian mcdonald on April 15, 2018, 11:11:01 AM
Trond, in the open areas our wild flowers are still slow to show themselves but in sheltered woodland they are earlier. They flower before the trees come into leaf. It has been a cold winter and wild plants are probably a week or two behind "normal." Robert, I will try to get some more pictures of butterflies this year. We don,t get as wide a range of species as the south of England, up here.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 24, 2018, 05:59:53 AM
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I was up on Peavine Ridge today, 5,146 feet (1,569 meters). The Sierra Nevada snow pack is melting quickly now. Even though it snowed 6-7 days ago, the snow at this elevation has already melted. High temperatures have been running 72 to 74 F (22.2 to 23.3 C) for the last three days on the crest of the ridge.

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Some of the early wildflowers are starting to bloom on the crest of the ridge. Here and there one can find open flowers on Viola purpurea ssp. integrifolia.

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Sanicula tuberosa is also coming into bloom. It is uncanny how some species at this elevation bloom at the same time when grown in the Sacramento Valley near sea level. In our Sacramento garden, Sanicula tuberosa is at the same stage of development. The same is true for the high elevation forms of Primula (Dodecatheon) hebdersonii.

[attachimg=4]

A tiny bit of moisture is trickling into the area now and there is some instability cumulus over the higher terrain of the Sierra Nevada. The forecast is for more moisture to work its way into the area (in this case a cut-off low). Thunderstorms are in the forecast for the Sierra Nevada starting on Wednesday – Thursday and continuing through the weekend. By this weekend there may be enough instability and moisture for thunderstorms in the Sacramento Valley.

[attachimg=5]

The main objective today was to see how high, in elevation, I could drive into the mountains. The road became blocked by snow at 6,050 feet (1,844 meters). With a 4x4 truck I could have made much more progress.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 24, 2018, 06:01:58 AM
[attachimg=1]

3 generations of thermometers.

In the center is my old mercury maximum-minimum thermometer. It is about 35 years old and is still accurate. I continually compare its temperatures with several extremely accurate mercury thermometers I always carry with me on my current project.

On the left, is an old (over 10 years old) Taylor 1441 digital maximum-minimum thermometer with a 7-day maximum-minimum memory. It too is surprisingly accurate.

On the right is a new temperature/relative humidity data recorder. There are all types of temperature data recorder available these days. This model is fairly simplistic but quite adequate for the current project. It is durable enough to be left at high elevation sites all winter and accurate within the parameters of the project. It is very easy to configure, however configuring it to specific situations requires experience. To ovoid spurious readings, proper deployment is essential. The sensor is very sensitive; never deploy one as in this photographed!

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This is another example of a temperature data logger.

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This is not my design, one of my data loggers, or a method of deployment I use, but it is a clever way to mount the type of data logger as seen in the previous photograph. I data recorder pictured most likely is accessed using Bluetooth technology. Since it is not my instrument, it was not my business to check and find out.

Now that the snow is melting at the higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada, I will be busy finding suitable sites for the other data loggers. This is not as easy as one might think and will take me some time to work out. Anyway, I am hoping to have time for a half day outing Saturday or Sunday.

Until next time…..
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Leucogenes on April 24, 2018, 11:00:29 AM
Hi Robert

As always, I'm fascinated by the pictures from your garden and the California wilderness.

Two native I find particularly beautiful. 1. Mimulus kelloggii...what a beautiful color with the dark heart.

2. Mimulus pictum...an incredibly fantastic drawing and combination of colours.

Both species have been completely unknown to me so far. I'll have to investigate further, and I'll try to get some seeds from it. I'm very impressed.

Thanks for the great pictures.
Thomas



Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 24, 2018, 02:18:31 PM
Hi Leucogenes,

I agree, our California native Mimulus species are fantastic plants. These days everything and anything is available on the Internet, however I question the veracity of some of the things offered out there. Mimulus pictum is available from Ginny Hunt, Seedhunt. She is 100% reliable and I indorse her product completely.

More good news (I hope). Many of our local Mimulus species are in my intraspecific breeding program (i.e. garden worthy seed lines without plundering wild seed stocks – too often wild seed stock does not preform well in garden situations – too often a rare species such as Mimulus pictum is plundered in the wild by folks with an avaricious nature, at least this is too often true here in California). When I have some useful seed lines available, I will be offering them in the public domain (i.e. the SRGC seed exchange). If you need (or want) more detailed information regarding my seed, I can provide information in the late summer and autumn. Mimulus kelloggii will not be available this autumn, however it looks like I will have a good crop of third generation Mimulus bicolor. I admit it is still a work in progress, however I do not mind offering some seed through the seed exchange this autumn.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 26, 2018, 02:12:33 AM
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Today, I was able to work my way up to the 6,652 foot level on the upper reaches of Peavine Ridge. There is still 20 cm (about 8 inches) of snow on the ground, but it will melt quickly. It was 68 F (20 C) at 1:45 p.m.! Mid-ridge along the crest, 5,146 feet (1,569 meters), it was 79 F (26.1 C), the highest temperature I have recorded to date at this site. Morning lows have been very mild, above freezing.

The weather forecast is for a cut-off low to move into the area over the next few days. By Saturday, fresh snow may fall.

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Looking southeast up the canyon of the South Fork of the American River, the remaining snow on the Sierra crest can be seen.

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Lower down along the Peavine Ridge crest, the high elevation forms of Primula (Dodecatheon) hendersonii are starting into bloom.

It will not be long now and I will be exploring the high terrain of the western slope of the Crystal Range.

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 28, 2018, 05:49:49 AM
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More photographs from my excursion to the Sierra Nevada Mountains. This view of the Crystal Range was taken at 5,952 feet (1,814 meters). At this elevation the forest is more or less free of snow except in shady and sheltered locations (see text under next photograph). Early blooming species such as a Ribes roezlii will be blooming soon.

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I wanted to see how close I could get to the Van Vleck area.  I was stopped by snow at 5,713 feet (1,741 meters). I wish that I had driven the Subaru. With it, I could have easily gone much further.

I heard many croaking frogs at the other end of the lake by did not have time to investigate. Most likely, they were Pacific Treefrogs, Hyla regilla, a very common species in this part of California. There is a slight chance they might have been one of the two rare species of Yellow-legged Frogs.

I also spotted my first adult Mayfly (Order Ephermeroptera) of season at this lake.

[attachimg=3]

The high peaks are calling out to me with the Siren’s call. I think Sunday’s outing will be into this high snow bound country. There will not be much in the way of blooming plants (most likely none), however I enjoy the quietude and adventure of snowshoeing over the snow.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 29, 2018, 05:27:14 AM
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Today was my lucky day!  :)

Not only did I find out that the road to Poho Ridge had been repaired, but also a few hours opened up for me to check things out. The only road to Poho Ridge had been washed out for over a year.

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I will make a brief report on this quick outing later, but first a sampling of some of the plants seen.

Lupinus naunus

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Cliff walls with Mimulus aurantiacus var. grandiflorus

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Moist ledges with Mimulus guttatus

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Viola lobata ssp. lobata
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 29, 2018, 05:31:27 AM
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Silene laciniata ssp. californica

[attachimg=2]

Iris hartwegii ssp. hartwegii

Tomorrow I still plan on visiting the high country. There will be plenty of snow on the ground and maybe more snow falling. I plan on going rain (snow) or shine.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on April 29, 2018, 02:12:55 PM
Hi Robert, with those treasures popping up, no wonder! I would have ants in my pants! Do you grow any of the Mimulus in your garden? Also the very beautiful Silene?. I greatly look forward to your outings. This season looks very promising in spite of crazy temperature oscillations. In many ways is like hearing from friends...good omens. Arturo
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 29, 2018, 02:42:04 PM
Hi Arturo,

At this moment, I am getting ready to take off for the upper portion of Peavine Ridge. Most of the sites I will be visiting will be above 6,500 feet elevation (1,981 meters). Running into a snowstorm this time of year at this elevation is not unusual. Right now it is overcast, so anything is possible. There will still be plenty of snow on the ground from this past winter. Snow or no snow, I am looking forward to this outing.  8)  (a bit of a play on words.  ;D  )

Siliene laciniata ssp. californica is easy-to-grow in our Sacramento "rock garden". Under cultivation, and with irrigation, they bloom for us, off and on, all summer into the autumn. We also grow a number of different forms of Mimulus aurantiacus. This species is xeric and does not do well with irrigation during the summer. It actually likes to be bone dry during the summer. Mimulus guttatus is the complete opposite. It is a complete water hog. They are blooming in the ditch, right now, in front of the farm property. Come summer they will dry up and die. I have kept them going during the summer with irrigation, however now I just grow them as annuals. They are so colorful and easy-to-grow as an annual. Gathering seed each season is easy too.

I'll report on Poho Ridge as I can. Hopefully I will have success today too. Time to go now.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 30, 2018, 06:39:00 AM
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I scheduled the morning of 29 April to investigate the snow conditions on the upper portion of Peavine Ridge, El Dorado County, California (6,800 feet, 2,073 meters). I am fascinated by early spring conditions in the high Sierra Nevada Mountains. Activity returns quickly to the mountains as the snow melts, the days lengthen, and temperatures begin to rise.

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When the snow first melts the ground often seems barren, however if one looks closely many perennials, bulbs, and annual species can be seen emerging and coming into rapid growth.

The animals too are awaken from their hibernation or starting to return from their winter hideouts at lower elevations. Despite overcast skies and cool temperatures (36 to 37 F, 2.2 to 2.8 C) there were many birds and they were very active. Dark-eyed Juncos were the most plentiful, however there were also many small flocks of Steller’s Jays, Mountain Chickadees, and American Robins. Red-breasted Nuthatches and Mountain Quail were also very active.

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The winter snow is melting quickly and the runoff is cascading down the slopes in seasonal and perennial streams.

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The ghostly white trunks of Quacking Aspen, Populus tremuloides, are striking against the gray and white landscape of early spring.

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As the snow melts, the remains of last year’s growth is often apparent. The flattened, dry and brown fronds of Bracken Fern, Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens, are a frequent sight after the snow melts in the Sierra Nevada.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 30, 2018, 06:41:45 AM
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In some areas the snow has completely melted. This site of granodiorite boulders and Pinemat Manzanita, Arctostaphylos nevadensis, will sprout soon with many bulbs, annuals, and small perennial plant species coming up between the Manzanita and boulders.

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Pinemat Manzanita, Arctostaphylos nevadensis is such an attractive species. This species has been a bit difficult to get established in our Sacramento garden, however I believe I finally have a strain that is tolerant of our valley climatic conditions.

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Spring is arriving in the high country. The catkins of Mountain Alder, Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia are open now. A cluster of female flowers can be seen in this photograph just to the right and behind the open catkins. It will not be long now and the leaves will be emerging.

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Other early to emerge deciduous species are also starting into growth. Many Ribes species (pictured) start growth and bloom very early in the spring.

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After a pleasant hike over the snow, as well as some open snow free ground to follow, I finally arrived at my intended destination, the Lyons Creek Trailhead. Typical for this time of year, much of the area was flooded with snowmelt.

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 30, 2018, 06:44:29 AM
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Beyond the pool of water, there was some open ground for hiking yet still plenty of snow to cross.

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I always like to be the first one in to an area at the start of the spring season. Well, not this year! The tracks told me that someone had hiked in the previous day (one was female - the tracks told the story). In addition, other very subtle tracks indicated that someone else had arrive a week or so earlier.

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As I hiked up the trail there has more snow than open ground in most areas.

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I enjoy the solitude of the early season in the mountains. It is quiet and peaceful. At times a light gust of wind brushed through the trees. The fussing and territorial fighting of the birds activated my curiosity as their cacophony broke the silence.

[attachimg=5]

The sleepy plants were awaking and thinking about growth. Clumps of Horkelia fusca ssp. parviflora were starting to green up.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 30, 2018, 06:46:55 AM
[attachimg=1]

Eriogonum species can look brown and dead during the winter, even without snow cover. With snow cover, most can certainly look like they have left this world for plant heaven. Eriogonum incanum is one species that tends to quickly show initial signs of some new active growth after snow melt, but it can also be very slow to show signs that it has fully recovered from its winter dormancy.

[attachimg=2]

Most of the meadows were a sloppy, swampy mess of running water and muck. At this stage the meadows look lifeless, however on close examination there were all sorts of signs of life and new active growth. It will not be long and the first flowers of Ranunculus alismfolius and other early blooming species will appear.

[attachimg=3]

The dry seemingly lifeless grasses are sprouting with new green growth.

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Many of the meadow plants are well adapted to swampy waterlogged conditions in the early spring. Later in the season some of the meadows in this area become parched dry, while others will remain somewhat moist. Each meadow has its mix of species well adapted to various moisture conditions, elevation, exposure, soil type and substrate, and other variables.

[attachimg=5]

New green growth was apparent everywhere. In this photograph there is a mix of both perennial and annual species.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on April 30, 2018, 06:48:07 AM
[attachimg=1]

Lyons Creek had a full head of water flowing through its channel. Last year with the extremely abundant snow pack there was some flooding at times during the peak of the snowmelt runoff. Not this year.

I only had the morning to explore around. I would have loved to stay longer, even forever, but I had other obligations in the afternoon. It was now time to hike out and plan my next visit to this area.

Until next time……
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on April 30, 2018, 02:45:12 PM
Nice, and in a way, very familiar scenes. The plant species are different but the melting snow etc bring back memories!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 01, 2018, 05:06:54 AM
Trond,

Our wintery-spring weather continued today.

[attachimg=1]

There was just enough instability and convection for some rain showers this afternoon.

[attachimg=2]

Tells Peak. In the high country I am sure there was some snow at the highest elevations.

[attachimg=3]

I was a bit surprised that there was some small hail in some of the rain showers. It was not that cold and the atmosphere did not seem extremely unstable. At Loon Lake (6,424 feet - 1,958 meters) it was 46 F (7.8 C) at 3:00 p.m. Considering the circumstances this was "warm".

My morning at Lyons Creek brought back memories of my first trip on this trail back in 1960. There was no snow on the ground on that long ago trip, but it was overcast and had the same feeling. I was very aware of these feelings as I hiked along the trail the other day.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 03, 2018, 12:50:51 AM
Interested in climatic data and the weather in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California? The following is an example.

April weather roundup for Peavine Ridge, 5,146 feet (1,569 meters), El Dorado County, California.

Average temperatures: High: 60.70 F (15.94 C)
                                      Low: 34.67 (1.48 C).
Highest temperature: 79 F (26.1 C) - 25 April
Lowest temperature: 19 F (-7.2 C) – 17 April
There were 13 days with low temperatures of = or < 32 F (0 C).

Precipitation for the month: 5.34 inches (138 mm).

On 1 April there was a snow cover of 20 cm, with a liquid equivalent of 3.31” (84 mm).
It snowed off and on through the month, however most of the month there was only a trace of snow cover on the ground. The month ended with no snow cover on the ground.

Currently I only have partial data on Relative Humidity, Dew Point, Wind Speed and Direction.

Average afternoon Relative Humidity: 46%
Average afternoon Dew Point: 38 F (3.3 C)
Average wind speed: 8 mph
Average wind gust: 13 mph
Prevailing wind direction: South to Southwest

I am working on my Poho Ridge outing and hope to have something posted soon.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 05, 2018, 03:34:42 PM
[attachimg=1]

This is more or less a test.

This photograph was taken with a new iPad I need for my current project. On too bad for a gizmo. I can tell than with some practice it can do even better.

The iPad also makes videos. I'll need some practice with this but this opens some interesting possibilities on my outings.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 09, 2018, 03:44:33 PM
[attachimg=1]

Saturday, 28 April 2018 – The road to Poho Ridge was severely damaged by storms during the winter of 2017. The road is the only access into this area. There was considerable pressure from the U.S. Forest Service, the Sacramento Municipal Utility District, Logger, and Recreationalist to repair and reopen the road. The county of El Dorado, who is responsible for the maintenance of the road, needed considerable time and funding to repair it. By mid March, of this year, the repairs were finally nearing completion and by April, I started to hear rumors that the road was now open. I took a bit of a chance on Saturday to see if indeed the road was open.

[attachimg=2]

I hit the Jackpot. I drove the out to the crest on the opposite ridge and found the locked gate had been completely removed. My timing was perfect too. Many of the wildflowers were at the peak of their bloom cycle.

I was first greeted by hillsides of Ceanothus tomentosus in full bloom. This fine species is rarely cultivated in California, yet seems very worthwhile for the garden. We have a small specimen established in our Sacramento garden. It appears to be quite happy and blooms every year.

[attachimg=3]

Our native Pacific Dogwood, Cornus nuttallii, can be very spectacular and they were in full bloom.

[attachimg=4]

As I worked my way through the canyon, Bush Poppy, Dendromecon rigida, was blooming on the hot, dry, rocky exposures that this species enjoys.

[attachimg=5]

The large bright yellow flowers are very showy. This is another species that is rarely cultivated. The growth is often long and willowy and the foliage is a very attractive glaucous gray.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 09, 2018, 03:48:03 PM
[attachimg=1]

I was finally able to visit a favorite fern grotto in this area. There is a large north facing cliff face where many different ferns species are found growing in an environment of constantly dripping water. In the winter the frozen cliff face can be festooned with many long icicles. At times, the foliage of some of the ferns can be seen completely glazed over in clear ice, looking somewhat like the ancient insects found in amber.

On this day there was no ice, the weather was overcast and fairly warm. Adiantum aleuticum is one of the species that enjoys this unique environment.

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The relatively small Fragile Fern, Cystoperis fragilis, could be found in some of the moist rock crevices.

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Polystichum californica is fairly common fern in this area. It is always seen in mesic - hydric situations.

It is amazing how many fern species grow in the Poho Ridge area. As I remember, I logged about 10 different species on this day.

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After taking in the fern grotto, I moved on to the hot, dry, south-facing slope of Poho Ridge. Here I found an old friend Bush Lupine, Lupinus albifrons var. albifrons, blooming abundantly.

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One of the most spectacular scenes on Poho Ridge, are the many blooming wildflowers found during the spring season. Many are growing directly out of rock crevices on brutally hot, dry cliff faces. Mimulus aurantiacus var. grandiflorus is one of those species. It was putting on a tremendous show in this environment.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 09, 2018, 03:54:45 PM
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On the steep slopes, where there is adequate soil, many other wildflowers were found blooming. Lupinus nanus was seen blooming in mass on many of the steep slopes.

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(Not a good photograph) Fork-toothed Ookow , Dichelostemma congestum, was seen growing abundantly. Their flower show was quite notable, thus the photograph.

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Much of Poho Ridge was severely burned over during the 2014 King Fire. Ceanothus integerrimus var. macrothyrsus is an obligate seeder. This species regenerated abundantly after the fire. Much of the ridge is now cover with thick semi-mature stand of this species. It was quite impressive seeing them in bloom on this day.

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There are several sites on Poho Ridge where Viola lobata ssp. lobata can be found. It is a delightful species often seen growing under the high open shade of conifers and deciduous tree species.

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A view of the King Fire burn area and the canyon of the South Fork of the American River.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 09, 2018, 03:58:03 PM
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Calochortus monophyllus is a common species on Poho Ridge and can be found growing in a fairly wide variety of habitats.

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Iris hartwegii ssp. hartwegii is another common species on Poho Ridge. Most of the specimens I encountered on this outing were quite uniform in flower color.

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Poho Ridge is near the upper elevation limit for the Apiaceae species, Tauschia hartwegii. A number of specimens were seen blooming near the crest of the ridge.

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I had a very limited amount of time to visit Poho Ridge on this day. On my way out, I found small rocky ravine filled with interesting plant species. This Collinsia had bloomed yet. Based on the appearance of the foliage it was most likely Collinsia tinctoria.

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Where there was abundant moisture Mimulus guttatus was seen blooming prolifically.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 09, 2018, 03:59:53 PM
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At one location, the parasitic species Orobanche uniflora had colonized itself on a stand of Micranthes californica. The show of small lavender flowers was very impressive. This species is also found in moist locations, generally in the shade. Its preferred hosts are members of the Asteraceae, Saxifragaceae, and Sedum spathulifolium.

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Near the end of this outing I found some prime specimens of Silene laciniata ssp. californica in full bloom. This was a great way to end this short outing.

It was great to have access to Poho Ridge again. With my current work schedule, there is a great deal of uncertainty when I will be able to return again. At this point it is a blessing to have interesting work, however it does demand much of my attention at this time. The current situation will not last forever and at some point I will be able to return to a regular schedule of outings again. At this time, I have an outing scheduled for next Thursday.

Until next time……
 
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: fermi de Sousa on May 09, 2018, 11:08:58 PM
Hi Robert,
Thanks for another great report! And again new plants that I have never seen before!
Keep up the great work,
cheers
fermi
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 10, 2018, 12:18:33 AM
Hi Robert,
Thanks for another great report! And again new plants that I have never seen before!
Keep up the great work,
cheers
fermi

Thank you so much Fermi!  :)

My outings are starting to pay off with some very nice plants for our garden (see posting "looking good in our garden now - N. Hemisphere"). Work and outings will start to combine together as spring moves into the higher terrain of the Sierra Nevada. I'll see what I can do with my VHF-UHF transceiver and iPad. Live real time movies and reports from remote sites in the Sierra Nevada are possible now through repeaters. My brother, another ham radio operator, told me about radio communication with Australia through a local internet linked repeater. Fun stuff!  ;D All sorts of things are possible now. It seems like real time questions and answers are possible - move the camera to get the exact details, current weather conditions, soil, etc.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on May 10, 2018, 06:30:02 PM
Great display, Robert!

At the moment I am at the mountain cabin. The snow has just disappeared from around the cabin and not much is in flower (only one Pulsatilla vernalis and a few Noccaea caerulescens). Therefore it is great to see yours!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 10, 2018, 11:55:10 PM
Hi Trond,

I certainly hope you enjoy your time at your cabin.

Even I have to admit that the wildflowers are nice this year. Both the garden as well as in the wild, the plants are looking nice. I will be up on Peavine Ridge tomorrow morning. If I have a bit of time, I will take some photographs of the wildflowers. The spring season is starting at this elevation. Next week I will go higher and see what is going on. It is a bit early, but it is always enjoyable for me to be in the high Sierra Nevada.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 11, 2018, 03:01:36 PM
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Testing out the new iPad.

This photograph is from Peavine Ridge, 7:00 am this morning, 11 May.

It is a bit chilly this morning, 40 F, with a cold north wind.

Now I can poke around and see what might be blooming.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on May 11, 2018, 03:37:28 PM
Astonishing the quality of pictures  which can be had from these machines!  8)

 edit to add: the previous photo was loaded to the forum by Robert direct from his i-pad - no resizing needed - showing the ease of use for the  photo loading system to the forum!!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Gerdk on May 12, 2018, 06:43:37 PM
As I worked my way through the canyon, Bush Poppy, Dendromecon rigida, was blooming on the hot, dry, rocky exposures that this species enjoys.
(Attachment Link)
The large bright yellow flowers are very showy. This is another species that is rarely cultivated. The growth is often long and willowy and the foliage is a very attractive glaucous gray.

Robert,
Please have a look at this  Bush Poppy - Dendromecon harfordii - the species /subspecies from the Channel Islands (ex SRGC seeds!!! sown January 2017) - not as showy as your plants - but I hope there is a chance it will become better even in cultivation.
Gerd
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 13, 2018, 12:32:37 AM
Hi Gerd,

Your Bush Poppy looks excellent considering it is in a relatively small container and it is young. In the wild Bush Poppy will grow fairly tall, 1-2 meter high, often even taller. Is there a possibility of growing it in a large tub? I grow many California native species in large containers. I under plant tall leggy species like Dendromecon with other xeric species. It works well for me and there is always the possibility it might work in your gardening scheme.

Anyway, your Dendromecon looks great so far.

Yesterday, I was on Peavine Ridge. Viola purpurea ssp. integrifolia was still in bloom, but many had already gone over. There are other subspecies of Viola purpurea at other sites along the crest of Peavine Ridge. I missed the bloom of the high elevation forms of Viola sheltonii, but they have set seed. They grow very close to one of my remote, high elevation meteorological sites. I have very detailed data on climate, geology, etc. Maybe this information will help us succeed in growing many of these superb little gems.  :)

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I was on Peavine Ridge yesterday and had an opportunity to check a number of sites along the crest of the ridge. Spring is arriving and many species are blooming. I will share the photographs as I can. In addition, now that I can see how the season is progressing Thursday's outing will be to much higher terrain in the Crystal Range. Thunderstorm activity is forecast. This could make this outing extremely interesting.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on May 13, 2018, 10:02:13 PM
Robert,

I am looking forward to the Peavine Ridge report!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 17, 2018, 03:00:27 PM
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Currently, I am on Peavine Rigde (5,146 ft) ready for a full day of field botany. Last week’s report from Peavine RIdge will get piggy backed with the report from today.

The weather is beautiful today. Currently: Partly Cloudy, 42 F, Relative Humidity 92%, Dew Point 40 F, Wind North 1, 24 hr precipitation total 0.08 inches. There was wide spread thunderstorm activity yesterday, excluding the Sacramento area. We will see what today brings.

Photograph: Calochortus minimus The camera on the iPad is much better than I originally thought! I still need much practice.

Now off to higher terrain.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 22, 2018, 06:39:44 AM
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On 11 May, I had the opportunity to spend a few hours on Peavine Ridge observing the native flora. The timing was perfect, as many of the early blooming species had commenced blooming or were still blooming.

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The flora on Peavine Ridge is extremely interesting and diverse. For 150 years human activity has impacted the flora on the ridge, sometimes in very pronounced ways. Eriogonum prattenianum var. prattenianum is one of a number of unusual species that continues to find a home on the ridge.

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Allium obtusum var. conspicuum has a noticeable affinity to the Tertiary Mehrten formation andesite found throughout this part of California. I generally find the white flowering Allium obtusum var. obtusum growing on granodiorite at higher elevations.

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At one stop Castilleja applegatei ssp. pinetorum was well into bloom.

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The early blooming Lewisia triphylla is almost always found growing in seasonally moist sites. I often see them blooming in snowmelt or near running water. During the summer the same site will be bone dry, completely parched. At this time the plants are safely dormant resting as small bulbs under the ground.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 22, 2018, 06:42:37 AM
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Primula (Dodecatheon) hendersonii blooms extremely early in the season on Peavine Ridge. On this day, many had already gone over. Peavine Ridge is near the high elevation limit for this species.

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The tiny white flowered Calochortus minimus is generally found growing in partly shaded locations on Peavine Ridge. Peavine Ridge is near the low elevation limit for this species.

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Most of the Calochortus minimus in this area have nearly pure white flowers. At other sites at higher elevation, there can be considerable variation in the flower color. Plants with white flowers are seen with various markings and shadings of lavender (hard for me to exactly describe this color shade).

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Mats of Ceanothus prostratus were in full bloom. This species is almost always found growing in areas with high open shade.

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Ceanothus prostratus ranges in color from very pale lavender through shade of lavender-blue, to very deep rich shades of lavender-blue. Deep lavender-blue forms of Ceanothus prostratus are not common, but can be found. They are extremely attractive.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 22, 2018, 06:45:51 AM
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White Leaf Manzanita, Arctostaphylos viscida ssp. viscida is the last Manzanita species to bloom on this portion of the ridge. The extended blooming period provides our native hummingbirds with a source of nectar until other species they enjoy come into bloom.

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I always have a devil-of-a-time photographing Fritillaria micrantha. The tiny little bells are quite charming and need to be appreciated as long as they last. The native Mule Deer like them too, and the flowering tops are frequently eaten off. Only a few had started to bloom at this time.

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Lilium washingtonianum ssp. washingtonianum blooms much later in the season. The white, clove scented flowers are divine. It is an extremely difficult species to cultivate, but worth the effort if cultivation can be mastered.

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Viola purpurea ssp. integrifolia was still blooming. They, too, start blooming very early in the season. Viola sheltonii, which also grows on Peavine Ridge, blooms even earlier in the season. I am familiar with a number of colonies along the ridge. All of them had finished blooming and were well on their way to producing ripe seed. Several other Viola species also grow on Peavine Ridge.

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The annual Harlequin Lupine, Lupinus stiversii, was just starting into bloom.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on May 22, 2018, 09:07:09 AM
Many interesting plants as usual!

I have tried a few Ceanothus species but none has survived more than a year or two. Had been interesting to see them in the wild!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on May 22, 2018, 10:48:42 AM
Robert,
    at present I'm growing a little batch of C.pumilus seedlings ( which I understand also grows in your general area). I'm particularly interested in the prostrate Ceanothus, since they provide good ground cover in very dry summer conditions like mine. Have you cultivated any?
    Your perennial Violas ( sheltonii and purpurea) are also of great interest . Have you tried to cultivate them? I've read about V. beckwithii which is stunning. Does it grow there?
    Thank you,
    Arturo
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 22, 2018, 01:24:53 PM
Many interesting plants as usual!

I have tried a few Ceanothus species but none has survived more than a year or two. Had been interesting to see them in the wild!


Trond,

In general, Ceanothus species are very sensitive to excessive summer moisture. Some species can even be challenging to cultivate here in California. With some species, cold hardiness can also be an issue.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 22, 2018, 01:44:26 PM
Robert,
    at present I'm growing a little batch of C.pumilus seedlings ( which I understand also grows in your general area). I'm particularly interested in the prostrate Ceanothus, since they provide good ground cover in very dry summer conditions like mine. Have you cultivated any?
    Your perennial Violas ( sheltonii and purpurea) are also of great interest . Have you tried to cultivate them? I've read about V. beckwithii which is stunning. Does it grow there?
    Thank you,
    Arturo

Arturo,

Web sites such as Calflora list Ceanothus pumilus as growing in our area. I have investigated this. At all the sites I have visited the plants have turned out to be Ceanothus roderickii. I doubt that Ceanothus pumilus grows in our area. It is native to the northwestern part of California.

I grow a number of Ceanothus species in our Sacramento garden. There are a number of Ceanothus hybrids available in the nursery trade in California. I do not grow any of them. I grow the difficult to grow species and species that are not cultivated. Ceanothus prostratus is very difficult to cultivate. I have made several selections and grow them in our Sacramento garden. I also grow Ceanothus tomentosus as well as a few other species.

Our Californnia native Viola species are extremely beautiful. Most are difficult to cultivate. Currently I am putting considerable energy into cultivating them. It is a long term project. I am having some preliminary success, however there is still much work to do. Currently, I do not cultivate Viola beckwithii. It can be found in parts of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in our area. Right now I am concentrating my efforts on the other species in our immediate area. There are many species and they are extremely fascinating to study.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 22, 2018, 02:11:09 PM
I was up on Peavine Ridge yesterday. Many Viola species can be found growing along the length of the ridge in various habitats. In addition, I spent all day at Gerle Creek and the Van Vleck area on Thursday. I will be reporting on this outing shortly. Currently, I am working on a flora/natural history for the Gerle Creek Summer Home Tract Association. Biologist are also working on the restoration of the meadows in the vicinity Francis Cow Camp (part of the Gerle Creek region). All of this and more is keeping me very busy and in close contact with the local Viola species. I have a number of nice photographs of the Viola species growing and blooming in the Gerle Creek area. The photographs will be incorporated in my up coming report on the Gerle Creek area.

[attachimg=1]

Storm clouds building over the Crystal Range, yesterday 21 May. I am getting involved in the mPING weather reporting system. Important data needs to be gathered in little reported regions such as the high elevation portions of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. I,m in the perfect position to help out in this regard.

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Another view from Peavine Ridge.

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Lupinus grayi is now blooming along the lower portions of Peavine Ridge.

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Mimulus bicolor growing on ancient andesite lahars.

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Triteleia ixioides ssp. unifolia also on andesite. This is one of three subspecies of Triteleia ixioides that grow in our area. Not only does it have only one leaf, but the plant has a very compact growth habit that is very different from the other subspecies.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on May 22, 2018, 02:25:08 PM
Robert, the familiar garden Ceanothus is very common here in our gardens. Like you I'm only interested in the wilder forms. Again I see a lot of room for cultivation projects in that group of prostrate Ceanothus. Whenever you have seeds of your garden grown forms I would like to give them a try. I suspect that in spite of their difficulty they ought to do well here. I'm envisioning a long term project of establishing certain lines of cultivation of your native plants here, mainly with an ex-situ  conservation purpose. Time to time...
    I'm not at all surprised that you have a line of research with your violas! ;D. In my case I would love to start with those perennials which grow in dry ground. Again a very interesting long term project.... :)
    Thank you very much,
    Arturo
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on May 22, 2018, 02:45:09 PM
Watching TV coverage of the  recent  AmGen Cycling tour of California, which finished in Sacramento, I felt that the world is a smaller place seeing  Robert's  "home patch" !
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 26, 2018, 02:21:53 PM
GERLE CREEK
&
VAN VLECK
El Dorado County, California
Part I

Thursday, 17 May 2018

Sacramento Weather
Weather: Few Clouds
Temperature, High: 81 F, 27.2 C
                       Low: 52 F, 11.1 C
Precipitation: 0.00 inches (0.0 mm), To date: 16.43 inches (417 mm), Average to date: 18.57 inches (472 mm)

Placerville Weather
Weather: Few Clouds
Temperature, High: 74 F, 23.3 C
                       Low: 47 F, 8.3 C
Precipitation: 0.00 inches (0.0 mm), To date: 28.78 inches (731 mm), Average to date: 34.30 inches (871 mm)


[attachimg=1]

On the morning of 17 May, I set off for Peavine Ridge, El Dorado County, California to check on some instrumentation I have in the area. After doing some quick manual observations and checking the operation of a beacon, I set off for the Gerle Creek area of Eldorado National Forest. I am currently working on a simple flora – natural history for the Gerle Creek Summer Home Association (where my father built a cabin during the 1960’s). This ties in perfectly with the restoration work at Francis Cow Camp, which is within the Gerle Creek survey area. My timing was perfect to check on the early emerging and blooming flora in the Gerle Creek area.

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It was a beautiful morning, with calm conditions and partly cloudy skies. It lifts my spirits to be involved with this area again. During the summer months, I spent much of my childhood and early adulthood fishing, hiking and exploring the vicinity of Gerle Creek Reservoir. My fathers cabin was only a short distance upstream from the reservoir.

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There was considerable damage to the Angel Creek Road down to the reservoir, so I had a nice hike through the woods. The conifers on the north-facing slope were heavily colonized with Variable Wrinkle Lichen, Tuckermannopsis orbata, and a Tube Lichen, Hypogymnia sp., very similar to H. lophyrea (reportedly does not grow in the area).

The flora changed abruptly as I emerged from the forest to the rocky slopes overlooking the reservoir. Here the tiny Asteraceae, Hemizonella minima, Miniature Tarweed, (pictured) carpeted the ground.

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Near the water’s edge I spotted a California Newt, Taricha torosa, crawling up the bank. It is best not to handle a California Newt as their skin contains toxins.

[attachimg=5]

Among the outcrops of granodiorite the stems of Purple Milkweed, Ascelpias cordifolia, were emerging from the grus.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 26, 2018, 02:43:35 PM
[attachimg=1]

The morning was pleasantly warm. This Western Fence Lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis, was sunning itself on this rock.

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Nearby a small colony of Pestemon newberryi var. newberryi was also sunning itself with a few open flowers, the first of the season.

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From the rocky outcrops on the east side of the reservoir, I worked my way toward the confluence of Angel Creek. Here there is a shift in the habitat, with a small riparian area and densely forested north facing slopes above Angel Creek. Here Grape Fern, Sceptridium multifidum grew in the moist ground near the creek.

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I was very pleased to find one of several colonies of Trillium angustipetalum. In the past I was aware of several populations of Trillium albidum in this area. The natural ecology of this region has been greatly altered over the past 50 years. I spend a considerable portion of the day trying to locate this species. I checked a number of likely locations without success. I have not seen Trillium albidum in this region since the 1980’s.

[attachimg=5]

My timing was perfect to see many of the local Violet species in bloom. In the moist habitats near the Trilliums there were many colonies of Viola macloskeyi in bloom.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 26, 2018, 05:30:40 PM
[attachimg=1]

I have been asked what type a gear (kit) I take with me on my outings. Pictured are a few of the essential items.

1 > Lower left – AM FM duel band transceiver. By far, this is my preference over a cell phone. Yea I know! The “rubber ducky” antenna is stock for most Handy Talkies. I already have plans to construct a home made portable, easy to assemble dipole antenna that can be either horizontally or vertically polarized.

2 > To the right of the transceiver – GPS. The transceiver has a very good GPS however this GPS has many programmable features that I use frequently.

3 > To the right of the GPS – A hand held portable impeller driven anemometer. Surprisingly accurate except when there is excessive turbulence.

4 > To the right of the anemometer – Mercury sling psychrometer. The dry bulb thermometer is also useful to double-check the accuracy digital thermometers.

5 > Lower right – Digital camera

6 > Center left - Eye loop. Essential! I have lost far too many out in the field over the years that I finally started using a string to attach them to my clothing. Now I never loss them.  :)

7 > To the right of the eye loop – Tape measure with meter scale. This too is attached to my clothing.

8 > Above left – Flash light. Always comes in handy.

9 > To right of flash light – Buck Knife. Essential.

10 > To right of Buck Knife – iPad Very useful for sending telecommand functions to remote instruments. Via software I can access and operate my Sacramento based laptop computer, and other computers in my system from any remote location.  Access to all telemetry signals from remote instrument is very useful – i.e. real time data from any site with data loggers. This is a close as it gets to be in multiple locations at one time.

11 > Below iPad – Cheap digital thermometer – surprisingly accurate.

12 > Top right  - Tacky balloon with length of cotton thread. A wind vane that cost nothing. Works perfectly.

13 > Not pictured – Binoculars. I have a preference for close-focusing binoculars. They are perfect for observing butterflies in great detail without harming them.

Of coarse I bring notes books, pencils, pens and other items.

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: ian mcdonald on May 26, 2018, 05:37:41 PM
Robert, you did not mention a Porter to carry it all.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 27, 2018, 01:55:41 PM
Robert, you did not mention a Porter to carry it all.

Ian,

Yea  ;D  I get this comment a lot. I guess it is whatever floats ones boat.

It is interesting how things happen. Before my wife and I married, I think my wife thought it was strange that I had all sorts of thermometers - in the autos (this was before autos had thermometers), outside, inside, etc. Well now its my wife who has thermometers all over the place. Funny how things work out.  :)  I use temp/RH/DP data recorders, at $200 U.S. a pop, for my current work in Eldorado National Forest. She even wants these out in the garden.  ;D   ???

I guess there is never a dull moment around here.  ;D

I have enjoyed your reports. Things are a bit busy for me right now. I wish that I had more time right now to surf the forum. The current U.S. holiday is the beginning of the busy season in the National Forest.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on May 27, 2018, 02:09:51 PM
Robert, I relate to your wife's aspirations very easily ;D...I want those measurements everywhere here too...no porter needed though...to which I add soil temps measurements. Some biz minded gardener ought to come up with a simple kit for us, non tech gardeners, who are bewildered by the maze of equipment options nowadays. ???
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 29, 2018, 01:44:35 PM
GERLE CREEK
&
VAN VLECK
El Dorado County, California
Part II

[attachimg=1]

For the most part, the forest on the north-facing slope was open with very little understory shrubbery. The low growing, evergreen Chimaphila menziesii was one of a number of species that grew on the forest floor.

[attachimg=2]

The annual Claytonia rubra ssp. rubra often has fascinating reddish-brown foliage.

[attachimg=3]

Viola sheltonii was quite common in this area. Once again I missed seeing the flowers of this early blooming species. I did encounter one plant with a remaining flower that was a bit past its prime.

[attachimg=4]

Maianthemum racemosum is a frequent inhabitant of shady, somewhat moist coniferous forest at the mid elevations of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

[attachimg=5]

Ribes roezlii var. roezlii was one of the few shrubby species growing in this section of the forest. This species blooms very early in the season. The flowers are generally borne on bare branches on this deciduous species. In this case, I found a few late opening stray flowers.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 29, 2018, 01:47:37 PM
[attachimg=1]

As the morning progressed, the wind began to pickup and the clouds started to build. Slowly I worked my way around to the western shore of the reservoir.

[attachimg=2]

Where there were small openings in the forest canopy Horkelia tridentata var. tridentata grew in scattered colonies.

[attachimg=3]

Serviceberry, Amelanchier alnifolia var. pumila, is an upright shrubby species. In one location I found a plant that had layered itself. Small shoots were emerging from the ground with clusters of white flowers. This was an unusual sight.

[attachimg=4]

Viola sheltonii is such an attractive species. I felt this composition, Viola sheltonii with an old fallen log and branches, was an example of this species at its best. With flowers this tiny species can make an even better display.

[attachimg=5]

Eventually I worked my way around the reservoir to one of my favorite old fishing holes. When I was young, I loved to fly-fish and this was a great place to catch the brown trout (not native) that lived in the reservoir.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on May 30, 2018, 01:49:52 AM
Before I get on with the Gerle Creek outing I wanted to share a few photographs from today.

[attachimg=1]

Fivespot, Nemophila maculata

[attachimg=2]

Lewisia nevadensis growing in an area slated for restoration. I located several stands of this species.

[attachimg=3]

Viola lobata ssp. lobata One of 8 species of Viola logged in this area today. In a few locations natural hybrids of Viola purpurea x tomentosa were logged.

[attachimg=4]

I located many Viola tomentosa growing in the granodiorite grus.

[attachimg=5]

While taking a short rest, I watched a bit of convection build over the higher terrain.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on May 30, 2018, 06:15:19 AM
It is always a pleasure to follow you Robert!

Beautiful plants, beautiful landscape and interesting fauna!

We are in the middle of a heat wave here! The temperature is 25-30C (77-86F). It is nothing for you I know but May will be the warmest May ever (ever is about 100 years). Little rain and lots of wildfires.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 03, 2018, 05:46:24 AM
GERLE CREEK
&
VAN VLECK
El Dorado County, California
Part III

[attachimg=1]

I continued along the western shore of Gerle Creek Reservoir, pausing at my old fishing hole. Here, I spotted a Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus, (the small black and white bird, center slightly to the left, on rock) as I approached the tip of the peninsula where I caught so many brown trout in my youth.

[attachimg=2]

It was a pleasant walk back to the north side of the reservoir. The pine – fir forest was carpeted with a variety of interesting plants. Trail Plant, Adenocaulon bicolor, was one of many plant species that grew abundantly on the shaded forest floor.

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The humus rich, acidic soil was the perfect habitat for Goodyera oblongifolia. It has interesting and attractive foliage. The species spreads by rhizomes and will make nice colonies where happy.

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Snow Plant, Sarcodes sanguinea, generally emerges from the ground soon after the snow melts. I can vividly remember seeing them in this area when I was 8-9 years old playing in the forest. It is a myco-heterotrophic species that obtains nutrients from decomposing organic matter through a fungal intermediate.

[attachimg=5]

The clouds were increasing as the day progress. Soon it became quite dark and looked like rain would arrive at any time.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 03, 2018, 05:49:51 AM
[attachimg=1]

Before reaching the north shore of Gerle Creek Reservoir I explored a drier much more open portion of the forest. Senecio integerrimus var. major (pictured) was one of a number species that was coming into bloom in this area. Woodland Rockcress, Boechera pinetorum, also caught my attention.

[attachimg=2]

At the north end of the Reservoir there is an interesting meadow-wetland area. For those that are not familiar with this area, it may be difficult to believe that this site has been altered greatly by past human activity. This meadow-wetland has recovered significantly from its condition back in the 1960’s. During this time period it was a mud pit where heavy equipment was used to drain off much of the water. I remember a grader parked next to the “mud hole” as an attempt was being made to recontour the land. In addition, the fir-pine forest has encroached considerably on the meadow-wetland. Considering its previous state, the meadow-wetland has made a considerable recovery.

[attachimg=3]

For years this pool was nothing more than an ugly mud hole. Today its condition has improved dramatically. Sedges (Carex) and other species have finally recolonized the banks of the pool, the water has cleared, and a slow moving flow of water exits the pool as it moves down to the reservoir.

[attachimg=4]

Veratrum californicum var. californicum is one of the bold species that has finally moved back to the wetland.

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In the moist woodland surrounding the wetland there were many colonies of Trillium angustipetalum. This single specimen was the only plant I found in bloom.

I spent a considerable amount of time, recently, looking for Trillium albidum. I have not encountered this species in this area since the 1980’s. Its woodland habitat has been highly altered by commercial logging. I have not found, even one site, which has not been highly altered by the logging that has occurred in this area over the past 50 plus years. 50 years ago, Gerle Creek Reservoir was on the edge of a vast wilderness much of which had never been logged or used for rangeland. I am one of the few persons today who remember the huge stands of old growth timber and pristine habitats that once dominated this area. The grazing livestock that was brought into the adjacent lands during the 1870’s most likely never have touched much of this area. Sadly like much of Amazonia, much has been lost in this region without any sort of scientific investigation.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 03, 2018, 05:52:47 AM
[attachimg=1]

My next challenge was to cross Gerle Creek, which was still flowing at a fairly high level. When I was young one had to wade through the cold waters to reach the other bank. Now there is a pedestrian bridge. Since it was now raining, the bridge did spare me from becoming completely soaked both by the rain and the creek crossing.

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The open forest on the east bank of the reservoir was bisected by a number of small creeks. There were large colonies of Viola glabella in bloom in the moist, shaded riparian habitats.

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Viola glabella is a lovely species in the wild, however considerable effort will be required to breed and select good forms that preform well in a garden setting.

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In drier, sunnier sites there were colonies of Viola pupurea ssp. integrifolia in bloom. The half buried crown of this subspecies does not produce long shoots as the other subspecies of Viola purpurea do.

[attachimg=5]

I also encountered a few Sierra Puffball Mushrooms, Calvatia sculpta. This mushroom is reported to be somewhat rare these days, however I do not have any difficultly finding them in the few areas that have not been logged.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 03, 2018, 05:56:08 AM
[attachimg=1]

There were far more shrubby species in this portion of the forest surrounding the reservoir. A few specimens of Ribes roezlii ssp. roezlii still had a few open flowers that had not gone over.

[attachimg=2]

The other frequently encountered Ribes species in this area, Ribes nevadense, was just coming into bloom.

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Most Manzanita species bloom very early in the season. I encountered a few Greenleaf Manzanita, Arctostaphylos patula, with a few leftover open flowers.

[attachimg=4]

On higher drier terrain, generally growing in granodiorite grus, Viola tomentosa can be found. Where Viola purpurea and Viola tomentosa grow adjacent to each other, hybrids of the two species can be found (pictured).

[attachimg=5]

Eventually I left the Gerle Creek area to explore, a wetland area that has only been partly disrupted and altered by logging. I was still hoping to find Trillium albidum. I did not have any success, however there were plenty of wild strawberries, Fragaria viginiana, in bloom.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 03, 2018, 05:59:03 AM
[attachimg=1]

From this point, I moved on to higher terrain and the Van Vleck area to see what conditions were like. Tells Creek had a full head of water flowing through it channel.

[attachimg=2]

I was not surprised to find lingering snow still on the ground.

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The meadows of the old Van Vleck range were green and lush. There was a light rain falling so I pushed forward toward the upper meadows to see what had emerged from the ground after the snow melted.

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There were a fair number of species in bloom, but the rain was quickly intensifying. Photography was extremely difficult, but I did get this photograph of Sidalcea glacescens.

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Travel was also becoming more difficult as the rain on was pouring in heavy sheets. The snow was also becoming more extensive, so soaking wet, I turned back to the Outback.

Despite the heavy rain late in the day, this outing was very productive and successful. My next outing is already scheduled for Thursday, 7 June.

Until the next time………
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 03, 2018, 06:09:56 AM
[attachimg=1]

A few scenes from today.

Pyramid Peak and Lyons Creek. The wildflowers are starting to bloom in the high country. I took a quick glance and saw plenty of Ranunculus alismifolius var. hartwegii in bloom. They were looking great!  :)

[attachimg=2]

A high elevation form of Iris hartwegii. 5,600 feet (1,707 meters).
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on June 03, 2018, 12:59:19 PM
Still quite a lot of snow  at the higher spots - but so many  plants flowering well.  The Iris hartwegii is very elegant!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 03, 2018, 02:20:24 PM
Still quite a lot of snow at the higher spots - but so many  plants flowering well.  The Iris hartwegii is very elegant!


Hi Maggi,

Much has changed since 17 May when I went to Gerle Creek Reservoir and the old Van Vleck Ranch site. Except at sites above about 7,500 ft to 8,000 ft. (2,286 to 2,438 meters) the winter snow is all gone now.

I regret the delay on the Gerle Creek - Van Vleck outing. The delay may have created some confusion for the readers. Despite a very busy work schedule I am quite committed to this diary.  :)

The high elevation forms of Iris hartwegii may have a greater tolerance to winter cold and perhaps other extremes. Last week I was working at another site in Eldorado National Forest and found Soap Plant, Chlorogalum pomeridianum, growing at 5,600 feet (1,707 meters). This is certainly near the high elevation limit for this species. This particular site is quite unique and is slated for restoration work in the coming years. I have only started a survey of the plants species at this site, but already the diversity is far beyond everyone's expectations. Very  8)

A great deal of our forestland has been greatly altered by commercial logging and other human activities over the last 50 years (and more). Such sites, as this one, need to be saved from the extremes of human activity. Everyone can benefit from this sort of restoration work, including horticulture. For example, a highly variable and diverse germ plasm can be used to create interesting, variable and more garden tolerant garden varieties. With thoughtful procedures, this can be done without exploitation and damage to existing ecosystems. Here in the U.S.A. gardener have a bad, and unfair, reputation for thoughtless plundering of native plant stocks, especially rare species. Nobody can control the activities of a few "bad apples", however we can do the best we can to promote and support on site conversation efforts. Horticulture and many others will benefit from such efforts in many ways.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on June 03, 2018, 03:39:50 PM
Robert
Has Iris hartwegii been brought into cultivation? This high elevation form could easily provide hardiness for some kind of horticultural further selection. It is very beautiful. Do know if the flower stays long? I assume that the foliage dies off later on in the season, when dryness sets in. Am I correct?
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 04, 2018, 12:33:35 AM
Robert
Has Iris hartwegii been brought into cultivation? This high elevation form could easily provide hardiness for some kind of horticultural further selection. It is very beautiful. Do know if the flower stays long? I assume that the foliage dies off later on in the season, when dryness sets in. Am I correct?

Arturo,

I have not been involved with California horticulture for many years now. It is hard for me to know if it is cultivated. I have grown it at our El Dorado County farm for many years and we also have it in our Sacramento garden. It is of very easy culture. The individual flowers do not last long, however more keep opening over several weeks making a very good display. There are a number of different subspecies one of which extends the color range into the lavender-blue shades, ssp. australis. They are quite xeric, however the foliage remains during the summer and only retreats during the winter. In our area they grow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains from + or - 1,500 feet to 4,500 feet. 5,600 feet is the extreme high elevation limit in our area.  I am recording hard data on the temperature range (other meteorological data too) within the high elevation limit of this species. It is very interesting. Snow cover is another consideration.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 05, 2018, 04:51:39 AM
[attachimg=1]

I spent part of the day working on Peavine Ridge, with a lovely view of the Crystal Range in the background. I had a bit of extra time to poke around a bit and photograph some of the wildflowers in bloom.

[attachimg=2]

Large drifts of the annual Clarkia arcuata were in bloom along the crest of the ridge. It was an incredibly beautiful scene.

[attachimg=3]

In other areas, Penstemon reozlii was looking very nice.

[attachimg=4]

The first of the Calochortus leichtlinii are starting to open.

[attachimg=5]

Calyptridium monospermum is quite common. Common or not they look great when in bloom.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 05, 2018, 04:56:03 AM
[attachimg=1]

Lupinus stiversii is still looking good.

[attachimg=2]

Good bye for now, from Peavine Ridge.

My next outing will be this Thursday, 7 June.

Until next time.....
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on June 05, 2018, 09:54:26 PM
Robert,

could you send some rain, please?  :o It is bone dry here - no rain for a month and very hot and sunny weather! Neither people nor gardens are accustomed to this kind of weather.

Nice plants as every time you show photographs! Thank you for showing :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 06, 2018, 02:13:09 AM
Trond,

How is the native flora holding up to the drought conditions?

Is there any indication for a change in the weather?

The weather here is uneventful.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on June 08, 2018, 11:18:43 PM
Trond,

How is the native flora holding up to the drought conditions?

Is there any indication for a change in the weather?

The weather here is uneventful.

The native flora do very well so far. Although we have not had any precipitation the soil still contains some moisture where it isn't too shallow. The water table isn't affected yet. It is only in gardens and where the layer of soil is thin the drought is a problem. In fact we have a lot of wild plants flowering which usually flowers much later in the season.

Seems we will have a change in the weather pattern next week. The temperature will normalize and maybe we will have a few showers at the end of the week.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 08, 2018, 11:43:51 PM
Hi Trond,

There are a number of interesting articles in the March 2018 issue of EOS that deal with climate, climate change and other topics.

I certainly hope that there is a change in the weather pattern for you. We all (all of us on this planet) may be in for a bumpy ride climatically.

I am extremely busy with work, however I will work on a write up for my last outing as I can. It was an outstanding day. I discovered a "lost world" of old growth forest that I will want to explore thoroughly in the future.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 11, 2018, 02:39:17 PM
[attachimg=1]

A scene from my outing last week. I have a lot of material to share, however I have much work this week with several meetings to attend. I hope to get started posting this outing next week.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: fermi de Sousa on June 12, 2018, 05:33:32 AM
A scene from my outing last week. I have a lot of material to share, however I have much work this week with several meetings to attend. I hope to get started posting this outing next week.  :)
Hi Robert,
I think that's what's called a teaser ;D
I'm sure your report will be worth waiting for
cheers
fermi
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 12, 2018, 11:41:21 PM
Hi Robert,
I think that's what's called a teaser ;D
I'm sure your report will be worth waiting for
cheers
fermi

Fermi,

I don't want to be teasing anyone.  ;D

On the serious side of things - I will be out at the same site on Thursday. Already I have 80 good photographs to sort through. I found a nice patch of a light lavender flowering Delphinium nuttallianum. Very sweet!  8)  The picture turned out well too. I'll start sorting through the good photographs now and be ready to start writing next week. Here in Sacramento Eriogonum prattenianum var. prattenianum is in full bloom. Looks great! Sorry no photograph, so I guess that is a tease.  ;D

95 F, 35 C, so far today. Summer is finally arriving.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 19, 2018, 12:11:05 AM
[attachimg=1]

Just before I married, a dear teacher of mine, Leonard Scruggs, gave me this advice, "The man is the head of the household. The woman is the neck. The neck makes the head turn round." This is the real mover and shaker who is given little, or no credit, tending all the things when I am away at work.

[attachimg=2]

My wife Jasmin watering our container plants.

[attachimg=3]

A few weeks ago Lilium pardalinum ssp. wigginsii blooming in our garden. Most likely it is a hybrid, but it is lovely none the less.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on June 20, 2018, 08:08:08 PM
I wish I had someone to water my containers when I am away! But my wife goes with me when I am on holidays.

We had a very dry period in May and the first days of June but now we have more rain than we prayed for. Containers saved - so far. Who knows what July will bring upon us!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 20, 2018, 09:02:01 PM
I wish I had someone to water my containers when I am away! But my wife goes with me when I am on holidays.

We had a very dry period in May and the first days of June but now we have more rain than we prayed for. Containers saved - so far. Who knows what July will bring upon us!

Hi Trond,

I'm off working! I wish it was a holiday, then my wife would travel with me.  ;D
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 20, 2018, 09:08:58 PM
THE LOST WORLD
Sierra Nevada Mountains, California
Part I

Thursday, 7 June 2018


Weather for forest site 5,525 feet (1,684 meters) @ 4:00 p.m.
Weather: Clear
Temperature, High: 73 F, (22.8 C)
                       Low: 51 F, (10.6 C)
Relative Humidity: 41%
Dew Point: 51 F (10.6 C)
Wind: SW 5G8 mph
Precipitation: 0.00 inches (0.0 mm), To date: 0.00 inches (0.0 mm), Average to date: 0.00 inches (0.0 mm)


Note: I start the precipitation year on 1 July (an old method). This is a new weather station, so even though it is not 1 July, I am starting at the precipitation totals as though it was 1 July. Little or no precipitation is expected between now and 1 July.

[attachimg=1]

I set off from Sacramento very early in the morning on 7 June 2017 for the day’s outing. I recorded data from several weather observation sites before arriving in the area I wished to explore. This site is part of a U.S. Forest Service restoration project. The previous week I had met with several scientists to get an overview of the planned restoration work at the site and to view the results of the previous autumn’s efforts.

The flowering season was well on its way. Patches of Mimulus torreyi in full bloom greeted me as I arrived at the staging area.

[attachimg=2]

There were scattered stands of Juncus chlorocephalus in bloom. This is an interesting species with generally prominent whitish perianth parts.

[attachimg=3]

The higher terrain was spotted with the bright orange-red color of Castilleja prunosa in bloom.

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It was a short hike down to the flats where I would explore the meadowland and forest that ringed their edge. Calochortus minimus grew in the drier portions of the open forest.

[attachimg=5]

At this location, the flowers of Calochortus minimus were predominantly pure white. This feature is quite common at the low elevation portions of this species range.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 20, 2018, 09:13:40 PM
[attachimg=1]

Much of the lower terrain in this area is a maze of slow moving watercourses, pools and wet meadows that generally become dry by the end of the summer.

[attachimg=2]

Ranunculus occidentalis var. occidentalis thrived in this moist, semi-shaded environment.

[attachimg=3]

Livestock grazing began in this portion of the Sierra Nevada in the late 1860’s – early 1870’s. Every spring large numbers of dairy cows, sheep, goats, and even hogs were herded into the region to graze the meadowlands. In later years beef cattle became the dominant stock animal. It is hard to imagine what the meadowlands were like before this grazing started. It would take a comprehensive paleobotanical study of the region to piece together how the region evolved from the end of the last Ice Age, through events like the Little Optimum and Little Ice Age to the beginning of the livestock-grazing period in the late 1860’s.

Most of the old grazing lands were privately owned. As economic conditions changed and public attitudes toward grazing of mountain meadows changed, much of the privately owned meadowland was eventually sold to the U.S. Forest Service. Sadly before being sold to the Forest Service (from the 1970’s thru the 1990’s) the lands were severely logged of all timber of any value, including a considerable amounts of old growth forest. The grazing, followed by logging, severely altered the natural ecology of the land. In the mid to upper elevations of the Sierra Nevada, the logged over sites became overrun with dense thickets of Lodgepole Pine, Pinus contorta ssp. murrayana.

In the photograph above, a once large meadow has become choked with Lodgepole Pine and it will not be long until the small remaining portion is colonized and disappears into a thicket of Lodgepole Pine. As with most projects of this nature, the goal is to eliminate much of the Lodgepole Pine overgrowth with prescribed burning and reestablish the climax forest that ringed the meadowland with, in this case, Jeffrey and Sugar Pine (Pinus jeffreyi and P. lambertiana).

[attachimg=4]

Despite all of the human disruptions of this site, it is still quite floristically interesting. I logged 8 native species of Viola on this day. Viola bakeri (pictured) was one of the Viola species that I encountered.

[attachimg=5]

This is a typical stream habitat in this area. In the distant past I remember trout in this stream, however they seem to bet gone now.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 20, 2018, 09:18:34 PM
[attachimg=1]

From the base of the drainage I moved to the higher terrain on the northern side of the meadowlands. In the high open shade of Jeffrey Pine, Pinus jeffreyi, there were mats of Lupinus grayi in bloom.

[attachimg=2]

Large blooming clumps of Mule’s Ear, Wyethia mollis, shared space with the Gray’s Lupine.

[attachimg=3]

In cervices of granodiorite, Myriopteris gracillima (pictured) was frequently seen often with blue-green fronds of Pellaea bridgesii poking up through neighboring cervices.

[attachimg=4]

Sunny, dry, rocky sites were often occupied with Calyptridium monospermum blooming with their pink and white flowers.

[attachimg=5]

Mountain Pride, Penstemon newberryi var. newberryi brightened many sunny rock outcroppings with their bright magenta-pink flowers.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on June 21, 2018, 07:55:54 AM
Robert,

I suppose it is a seedbank in the soil and when the conditions are right they will germinate.

A big difference between your part of the world and mine is that where you have flowering plants we have grasses and grass-like plants. Or small shrubs. Here, the Lupinus and Wyethia are replaced with Calluna and Empetrum (and Cladonia lichens).

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 21, 2018, 02:24:43 PM
Hi Trond,

At a little higher elevation in this region there are Phyllodoce (breweri). Cassiope mertensiana is at higher elevations. Both are our versions of "Heather".

In the wet (at least seasonally) meadows there is a succession each season. First there are the Carex, Juncus, and related species. The grasses come later in the season. I'll try to show this succession, as I will be at this site frequently this year. A week or so ago, one of the reclaimed wetlands was ringed with Juncus ensifolius and Scirpus congdonii. The grass will come to the forefront a bit later.

We are hoping, by some miracle, that the rare Yellow-legged Frogs will show up at this pond. As of now, the pond is full of Pacific Tree Frog tadpoles. Now that we can keep the off-road vehicles out, things are changing for the better quickly.

I have not logged any Cladonia lichens in this area yet. They can be found at nearby sites. Letharia sp. and Hypogymnia sp. are two common lichens at this site. Of coarse on the rock on higher ground there is a full range of crustose lichens.

So far, I have not found any rare or "listed" species at the site. Doing so would help protect the site. It is how the system works here.  :P  There are plenty of good reasons to preserve this site without rare species, but then I do not control the "system" (and I am glad that I don't!). Anyway, there will be plenty more to write about this site and other sites in the area. In a week or two, I will be getting started on another project in the region. There is a lot to do.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on June 23, 2018, 07:56:06 AM
Robert,

Phyllodoce caerula is not uncommon here but it is the only one of that genus. We have a couple of Cassiope species, but they grow high up in the mountains or far north like this Cassiope tetragona from Svalbard.


[attachimg=1]

Would be nice if the yellow legged frog appear! It is a similar problem here. Due to construction work some ponds with newts are disturbed and they have constructed a few artificial ponds and hope the newts will find their way. It is not allowed to just move a few tadpoles!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 24, 2018, 01:34:04 PM
Hi Trond,

At another site higher in the Sierra Nevada, efforts are being made to remove non-native trout from Island Lake. This will protect and expand habitat for the Mountain Yellow Legged Frogs, Rana muscosa, that have been found in some nearby ponds.

The scene of Cassiope tetragona from Svalbard is nice.  8) I wish that I had better success attempting to grow Cassiope and Phyllodoce species in our HOT! climate. They grew well (or at least okay) at the farm; Sacramento, well, they are extremely difficult to keep happy.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 24, 2018, 01:37:59 PM
THE LOST WORLD
Sierra Nevada Mountains, California
Part II


[attachimg=1]

The slopes above the meadowland were filled with blooming Eriogonum incanum. This and other Eriogonum species are a major food source for some of our native Lepidoptera species. Both Acmon Blue and Lupine Blue butterflies use Eriogonum as a food source. The two butterfly species can be extremely difficult to differentiate; however each species has strong preferences for different Eriogonum species as a food source. The Eriogonum species present in an area can be useful in distinguishing between the two species.

[attachimg=2]

At this point, I dropped down into the meadowland to investigate the flora. This site was logged of all of its old growth timber during the 1990’s. Much of the slash still remains throughout the site. After the logging, much of the meadowland began to disappear as dense stands of Lodgepole Pine, Pinus contorta spp. murrayana, began to invade the open space of the meadows. In addition, the old logging roads and skid trails became access points for off-road vehicles. The remaining wetlands and meadows became favorite sites for their activities, reducing the wetlands and meadows to barren wastelands or lifeless mud holes.

Last year the Forest Service began to take steps to eliminate access to the site. The old logging roads and skid trails were deeply ripped with a D-8 tractor. Excess Lodgepole Pine were then cut and placed across the roads and trails at 3 to 4 foot intervals. This process was proved to be highly effective in keeping the off-road vehicles out. It is amazing to see how quickly the land is recovering, however there is still much to do.

[attachimg=3]

At one location I found a very interesting stand of Viola. The plants exhibited many of the characteristics of Viola purpurea spp. mesophyta, however I believe that they are more likely a hybrid of Viola purpurea x Viola tomentosa. The two species are know to hybridize with each other and Viola tomentosa grows abundantly on the higher terrain surrounding this site.

[attachimg=4]

Many authorities consider Viola purpurea x tomentosa hybrids as sterile. This may be one method to determine the identity of this group of plants, however there are other possibilities. This is definitely a group of plants for me to watch closely in the future.

[attachimg=5]

Where the meadows were still free of Lodgepole Pine, there were many wildflowers in bloom. Lupinus Lepidus var. sellulus was just starting into bloom and will create a beautiful show as the season progresses.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 24, 2018, 01:41:57 PM
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Delphinium nuttallianum was blooming throughout the meadowlands.

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At one site I found a stand of Delphinium nuttallianum with beautiful light lavender flowers. Variation in the flower color of Delphinium nattallianum is not uncommon, however I have never seen any in this color range. I occasionally encounter white forms of this species as well as variations in the shades of dark purple-blue.

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The meadowland was a haven for Lepidoptera species. Acmon Blues, Plebejus acmon, (pictured) are frequently seen at moist sites. The upper wing surface of males is blue, while for females it is a brownish-blue-gray color.

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This butterfly looks a lot like a Checkerspot, however the underside of its wings revealed that it was most likely a Crescent. Of coarse, butterflies do not stay put for carful examination. On this day there were hundreds of butterflies fluttering around at this site. At times identification became a bit confusing. Anyway, what ever its identity, this was certainly a beautiful butterfly.

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This site has a long history of human activity. It is not surprising to find invasive plant species under these situations. Prickly Lettuce (pictured), Lactuca serriola, is a common invasive species in California, however I rarely encounter it at the higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada. The situation with Sheep Sorrel, Rumex acetosella, is very different. This species has invaded most of the high country of the Sierra Nevada that was once used as pastureland and is a permanent resident.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 24, 2018, 01:45:07 PM
[attachimg=1]

Lustrous Coppers, Lycaena cuprea, have brilliantly colored orange wings with black markings. This butterfly certainly catches one’s attention with its vibrant colors.

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Swaths of Camassia leichtlinii ssp. suksdorfii filled the moist meadows with their large bluish flowers.

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Camassia leichtlinii ssp. suksdorfii is very tolerant of moist soil conditions. They are often seen growing and blooming in shallow standing water.

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Where there was no stand water, but where the soil was still quite moist, Mimulus primuloides var. primuloides grew abundantly.

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Sisyrinchium idahoense var. idahoense is one of two Sisyrinchium species that grow at this site. Superficially it can look similar to Sisyrinchium bellum (generally found at lower elevations), however there are many noticeable differences if one stops to look closely.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 24, 2018, 01:46:41 PM
[attachimg=1]

The flight of Lustrous Copper’s was confined to ground that was a slightly higher and drier than the wet meadows.

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Sorting through all the butterflies was quite challenging as many similar species were in flight at the same time. This pair of Boisduval’s Blues, Plebejus icarioides, stayed in place long enough for me to get a good photograph as well as a proper identification.

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There were so many things to capture my attention. The large drifts of the yellow flowering Sisyrinchium elmeri were constantly drawing my attention.

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In certain locations, Trillium angustipetalum grew abundantly at this site.

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I spent a great deal of time examining the colonies of Trillium angustipetalum. In the past I found Trillium albidum growing at nearby sites. I was hoping I might find T. albidum at this site, but was unable to locate any at this time. As an interesting note: I have never found Trillium albidum and T. angustipetalum growing together at the same location. In addition, I have never discovered plants that appear to be intermediate between the two species. More study on my part is required.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on June 29, 2018, 05:12:44 AM
[attachimg=1]

I was out at "The Site" today with two USFS botanists. We were looking for Botrychium species. So far, no luck finding them, however we did spot three common Orchids, Corallorhiza maculata, Platanthera dilatata var. leuchostachys, and a Piperia species (all past there prime). The area is drying quickly.

Another objective for the day was to find Phacelia stebbinsii. Needless to say from the photograph we were successful. Phacelia stebbinsii is a local endemic species. We found both dry and semi-dry specimens making positive identification easy.

The remaining part of the day was spent down-loading data from HOBO data loggers and making the initial placement of another set of data loggers.

Now I can get on with writing my last segment on "The Site" (The Lost World).
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on June 30, 2018, 08:14:26 PM
Always something of interest, Robert!

Some of the butterflies look similar to butterflies here but they are other species. However, butterflies are getting rarer and rarer. This summer I have not seen many at all. Maybe it is due to the dry conditions we have now. June has been the third month in row with very little rain and rather high temperatures. The flowering plants suffer of course and many have wilted completely.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 02, 2018, 02:57:35 PM
[attachimg=1]

Before I continue on with the posting of the “Lost World” outing, I want to get caught up with my present activities.

I visit Peavine Ridge, 5,146 feet (1,569 meters) frequently. This photograph was taken on 30 June. There has been no rainfall since May and conditions are very dry. Daytime temperatures are running in the low 90’s F to upper 80’s F (29 to 33 C). This is quite typical for this part of the Sierra Nevada Mountains this time of year. It does not look like much would be blooming however species such as the yellow flowering Calycadenia truncata, and the lavender flowering Lessingia leptoclada can be found easily this time of year.

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Species like Penstemon roezlii and Eriophyllum lanatum var. grandiflorum are still putting on a good show.

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The rocky andesite slopes dry extremely quickly.

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However there are even bright spots of color in these locations. Monardella odoratissima ssp. pallida generally flowers with white to extremely pale lavender flowers. Lavender flowering forms, such as this one, are not uncommon. I did examine this plant very closely to confirm its identity. There are other lavender flowering Morardella species in this part of California. It is too easy to make mistakes with a casual glance.

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I spent some time poking around looking at the flowering species in the area before moving on.

On this day, I traveled to an area near the base of Pyramid Peak. Pyramid Peak is the most southern peak of the Crystal Range, and can be seen easily as the last high peak to the right in this photograph.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 02, 2018, 03:00:30 PM
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It did not take long to arrive at my destination, however the summit of Pyramid Peak is still a good hike away.

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Lyons Creek flows through one of the basins in this area. It still has a good flow of water in it.

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It is still “spring” at this elevation, plus or minus 7,000 feet (2,134 meters). In dry, sunny terrain the annual Navarretia leptalea ssp. leptalea is in full bloom.

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In the moist meadows Penstemon rydbergii var. oreocharis is blooming, often creating great sheets of color.

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In more shaded locations Delphinium nuttallianum is blooming with its intense deep purple-blue flowers.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 02, 2018, 03:03:05 PM
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Many of the Hackelia species are very showy. This is Hackelia velutina. This species tends to enjoy drier habitats.

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In the same area where the Hackelias were growing, I found a good stand of Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. aggregata in bloom. They were a bit past their prime, however I was very pleased to see them, as they are not very common in this specific area.

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The butterflies were out. This is a fairly good photograph of a Greenish Blue, Plebejus saepiolus. I frequently see this species in this area.

I had a fair amount of work to get done on this day, but was very pleased to get some photographs taken. I will be returning frequently. Hopefully there will be more opportunities for photography.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on July 02, 2018, 10:37:15 PM
Looks good, Robert!

What is the main pollinator of the Ipomopsis? Birds? Such red flowers are very rare here.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 03, 2018, 04:32:51 AM
Hi Trond,

I was up in the same area today,....and yes I have some photographs too.

Some of our Hummingbird species migrate to the high country of the Sierra Nevada. I have never seen them on Ipomopsis, however it seems reasonable that they could be one of there pollinators. One of these days I would like to try Ipomopsis in our Sacramento garden too. It seems possible that it might grow reasonable well down here in the flat lands.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: ian mcdonald on July 03, 2018, 12:52:50 PM
Robert, an interesting report, as usual. I am wondering about the chance of meeting wildlife in the remote areas. Are bears present?
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on July 03, 2018, 01:38:12 PM
Oh yes, they are!

[attachimg=1]
 Robert's bear from last summer !
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 03, 2018, 02:22:37 PM
Robert, an interesting report, as usual. I am wondering about the chance of meeting wildlife in the remote areas. Are bears present?

Hi Ian,

Yes there are bears, as you can see from the photograph taken last year (Thank you Maggi!  8)   :)  ).

When I was on this outing I encountered a black bear eating insects in an old dead snag. The bear dropped out of the snag and ran away before I could get my camera ready for a photograph. Bears can be extremely fast. This bear most likely lives in this basin as I see its tracks on the ground frequently. Fortunately it leaves most of my instrumentation alone, however at one site I have some plastic instruments to measure precipitation (rainfall and snowfall). The bear ran off with the top to one of the rain gauges and now I will have to order some extra parts to replace it. I needed to order some stuff anyway, so it is not a big deal. A this point the behavior of the bear is amusing. Some of the data logged are much more expensive. If the bear decides to play with them, well, this will not be amusing any more. Once the data loggers are set up, I can down load the data using blue-tooth from a distance without touching the data loggers. Without my scent, I think that the bear will leave them alone.

This week I set up another batch of data loggers in another area far away. This site, too, has a good sized bear population. Unfortunately, I will have to handle the data loggers one last time to get them set perfectly. Maybe, I should use new disposable medical plastic gloves? Hopefully the bears in this area will leave things alone.

So, yes there are bears, however they can get into things. I guess they are just being bears.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Diane Whitehead on July 04, 2018, 04:13:55 PM
Robert,

Are there two Peavine Ridges?

The one I can find on my map is in Curry County, Oregon, about 4 miles east of Winchuck.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 04, 2018, 05:59:17 PM
Hi Diane,

I do not know how many Peavine Ridges there might be.

My reference is to Peavine Ridge in Eldorado National Forest, El Dorado County, California. Peavine Ridge extends from the confluence of Silver Creek and the South Fork of the American River and extends along an east/west axis to a point above, plus or minus, Strawberry on the South Fork of the American River. I break Peavine Ridge into 4 general life zones based on elevation and the plant communities found within each zone. The lower zones extend from Silver Fork, along the South Fork of the American River to the lower canyon of Silver Creek. The upper zones extends along the crest from Windmiller's Ravine/Granite Springs to the lower end of the Lyons Creek Basin. The lower zone is along the crest in the vicinity of Jaybird Canyon. The central portion is in between Jaybird and Windmiller's Ravine. A Google map will most likely be useful, however a hard copy map of the area can be purchased over the internet or from the USFS Fresh Pond Ranger Station. I know many of the folks that work out of this station. The Kelly who works behind the desk is very nice and helpful if you order a map over the telephone or are visiting the area.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Diane Whitehead on July 04, 2018, 06:17:49 PM
Ah!  Much closer to your home than the Oregon one.  I wonder which peavine gave its name to both places?

I use the DeLorme map books. Their topographic maps are covered with sticky notes - every time I read about
a plant that interests me, I add a note.  The six notes on that page are mostly about lilies - L parvum hallidayi,
L humboldtii, L washingtonianum, L pardalinum.  I haven't yet visited that area.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 04, 2018, 08:13:39 PM
Hi Diane,

The old Johnson Cutoff was a major east-west route over the Sierra Nevada to Sacramento from the 1850’s until the transcontinental railroad was completed over Donner Summit to the north (completed in 1869). Lathyrus nevadensis and L. suphureus are two native “Pea” species seen frequently on Peavine Ridge. Most likely this is the origin of the name Peavine Ridge. Vicia americana ssp. americana is also native to the ridge and could be mistaken as a pea, i.e. Lathyrus. Hosackia crassifolia var. crassifolia is also pea-like and is extremely common on Peavine Ridge.

I have found the native Lathyrus lanszwertii var. aridus on Peavine Ridge. Last fall/winter the stand of this species on Peavine Ridge was destroyed by ‘brush clearing’. I rarely see this species in this area and now one more stand is gone. Bummer! This species is very ornamental – perhaps suitable for cultivation. Now they’re fewer plants to work with.

Lathyrus latifolia also grows on Peavine Ridge. It is an invasive species and a fairly recent new comer to the ridge.

Lilium washingtonianum ssp. washingtonianum is blooming on Peavine Ridge at this time. Lilium parvum is blooming in the high country right now too (such as the upper portions of Peavine Ridge).
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 05, 2018, 01:51:23 AM
[attachimg=1]

Lilium washingtonianum ssp. washingtonianum as seen today, 4 July, on Peavine Ridge.

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It was relatively cool on the Ridge today, 5,146 feet (1,569 meters). The high temperature was 79 F (26.1 C), low 51 F (10.6 C). Warmer weather is forecast to arrive in the next few days.

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Brodiaea elegans ssp. elegans blooming on Peavine Ridge. It is extremely unusual to find this species at this elevation.

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The Crystal Range today, 4 July. A tiny amount of moisture is trickling into the area (i.e. some convective cloudiness). In the Lyons Creek Basin, 6,690 feet (2,039 meters) it was 71 F (21.7 C), low 40 F (4.4 C) with a relative humidity of 41% @ 3:00 p.m. This is still dry, however much more moisture than the usual 20% relative humidity @ 3:00 p.m. The first subtropical moisture of the summer season is forecast to arrive in the area in the next few days. The weather could get interesting with thunderstorm activity in our part of the Sierra Nevada.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 06, 2018, 01:53:48 PM
THE LOST WORLD
Sierra Nevada Mountains, California
Part III

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I worked my way up the northern edge of the meadowland to a point where it abruptly ended. Here large outcroppings of granodiorite marked the end of the meadows. A creek worked its way through a cleft in the massive rock face. At the base of the rock face there were pools of water and stands of Quaking Aspen, Populus tremuloides.

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With some effort, I worked my way over and around the granodiorite outcroppings to the upper portions of the basin. This portion of the basin was very different from the lower meadowlands. There were small pockets filled with giant old growth Jeffrey Pine, Pinus jeffreyi.

Where the creek became constricted before descending through the rock cleft in the outcroppings there were large log jambs of debris. The debris looked as if it certainly obstructed the flow of water during the spring snowmelt and created flooded conditions. How this may impact the area in the spring is unknown to me at this time. I will certainly want to investigate this next spring.

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As I worked my way up stream, I encountered quiet pools shaded by monstrous Jeffrey Pine that must have been centuries old (See trunk of Jeffrey Pine center left!).

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Soon it was time to return to the staging area where I started this adventure. Rather than return by the same route, I arched around the basin to the southern flank and started working my way back.

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At one location I found an ancient Incense Cedar, Calocedrus decurrens, with it lower branches completely festooned with the lichen, Letharia columbiana.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 06, 2018, 01:56:40 PM
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This lost world had it own unique flora. Several flat meadow-like areas where filled with the Boraginaceae, Hesperochiron pumilus. I rarely encounter this species and it grew abundantly in these “meadows”.

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It did not take me long to arrive back in the lower portion of the basin. The south side of the basin was thickly forested with Lodgepole Pine, Pinus contorta ssp. murrayana, and crisscrossed with slow moving streams.

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There were also a series of seasonal ponds. The upper pond was still somewhat intact (pictured). The lower ponds were in a state of recovery.

During the autumn I explored this area briefly. At that time, the off-road vehicle people still had access to the site. The motorcycles and other off-road vehicles had turned the lower seasonal ponds into lifeless dust bowls. They seemed to enjoy driving in endless circles in the depressions of the ponds. Maybe there was still water in them at that time and the mud was fun to “play” in. Whatever the case the lower ponds were a mess.

Later in the season, after blocking access to the site, the Forest Service made some simple and quick repairs to the drainage and water flow to and from each pond. I was very pleased to see that thick new growth had emerged at each site. One pond was completely ringed with the new growth of Juncus ensifolius, Scirpus congdonii and filled with tadpoles of Pacific Tree Frogs, Hyla regilla.

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On a follow up trip a week or two later, I found that Hosackia oblongifolia var. oblongifolia, too, had started to recolonize the edge of the pond. This was very encouraging to see considering the disaster I had observed in the autumn.

[attachimg=5]

In the higher terrain around the ponds Viola tomentosa was in full bloom. The gray, woolly foliage of this Viola species is extremely beautiful.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 06, 2018, 01:59:19 PM
[attachimg=1]

 I spent a considerable amount of time exploring the flora that ringed the edge of the upper pond. It, too, was in need of help. The diversity of species was still very limited, as the past logging had occurred almost to the edge of the pond.

[attachimg=2]

Many butterflies were obtaining moisture in the damp soil that ringed parts of the pond. Proportius Duskywings, Erynnis propertius, were very common.

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After finishing my work around the upper pond, I moved into the higher terrain above the basin. In places there were huge stands of Heuchera rubescens in bloom. This species is quite happy growing out of rock cervices and loose piles of broken rock.

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Sedum obtusatum ssp. obtusatum could also be found growing in cervices, often with very little soil.

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As the day ended, I enjoyed the scattered stands of the white flowering Calochortus leichtlinii growing among the granodiorite boulders.

This ended this outing. I was very pleased with the results and accomplished a get deal.

I am currently planning my next outing, which is scheduled in about two weeks. This outing will be a combination trip. The current plan is to spend the morning at this site and the afternoon working on another project in different part of the Pacific Ranger District.

Until the next time…….

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on July 06, 2018, 02:30:05 PM
Oh my!  That picture of the  Letharia columbiana is a show-stopper!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 06, 2018, 05:02:57 PM
Oh my!  That picture of the  Letharia columbiana is a show-stopper!

Oh,  8)  Sometimes I get lucky and a photograph turns out very well. Usnea species can be very interesting and could be very photographic. They do not grow in the higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada. They do grow in Napa/Yolo County where the current forest fire is raging.

Today I will be going to Gerle Creek in Eldorado National Forest. If there is time I will get some nice photographs.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 07, 2018, 05:38:47 PM
[attachimg=1]

Yesterday, 6 July, I traveled to Wilson Meadow in Eldorado National Forest. Wilson Meadow was once part of the Wilson Family Cattle Ranch. The Wilsons had large land holdings in this region. During the “hay day” of their operation they owned or held leases on over one thousand acres of land in and around Eldorado National Forest. Wilson Meadow, elevation 6,500 feet plus and minus (1,981 meters + or -), was part of the summer cattle range.

The day was off and on again overcast as the remnant moisture from Hurricane Fabio passed through our part of California. The overcast kept daytime temperatures down and the low temperatures were very mild. The high temperature for the day was 74 F (23.3 C), the low 45 F (7.2 C).

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The South Fork of Silver Creek runs through the mid and lower sections of Wilson Meadow. The moisture from the creek undoubtedly kept the grasses green well into the dry season.

The Wilsons eventually sold most of their land holdings in the area to the U.S. Forest Service. The USFS is now making efforts to restore the meadow habitat. Lodgepole Pine, Pinus contorta ssp. murrayana is encroaching into the meadowland. After 100 plus years of cattle on the meadow, efforts by the USFS to restore something close to the original flora will be very challenging.

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Despite the cattle, there are still many wildflowers in the area. Here Aquilegia formosa can be seen with Spiraea splendens.

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Ranger’s Buttons, Sphenosciadium capitellatum is also known as Swamp White Heads. This species is found at high elevations always near streams or in wet meadows.

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I was delighted to find Juncus saximontanus growing in the area. In my mind it is one of the more attractive Juncus species. The flowers when open and the spent flowers heads have dark brown perianth parts that contrast with purplish styles and stigmas. The haze of light purple and dark brown held over the ground is very beautiful.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 07, 2018, 05:41:55 PM
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This time of year, large drifts of the Apiacee, Ligusticum grayi, can be seen in bloom in forest clearings.

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Castilleja minatus ssp. miniatus is another common wildflower that adds color to the high mountain landscape this time of year.

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Castilleja miniatus ssp. miniatus is generally found growing where the soil stays somewhat moist. Other Castilleja species can be found growing in dry locations.

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Lupinus lepidus var. sellulus is a common meadow species. It has a preference for drier meadows.

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California Brome, Bromus carinatus ssp. carinatus, is just one of many grass species seen in the high mountains this time of year. It has a preference for dry open forest and clearings.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 07, 2018, 05:44:44 PM
[attachimg=1]

Carex raynoldsii is generally seen in dry open forest. It is one of many Carex species seen in this area. Carex specifica and C. heteroneura were two other Carex species seen growing in the same vicinity.

[attachimg=2]

Where there is abundant moisture a whole different set of plants are found. Near a spring, Lilium parvum was blooming with its small orange bells.

[attachimg=3]

Cow Parsnip, Heracleum maximum, thrives in the moist soil near springs and small creeks. Its large bold foliage and large umbels of white flowers are quite striking.

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Lupinus polyphyllus ssp. burkei is another moisture loving species.

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After checking on some of the flora in the vicinity of Wilson Meadow, I drove over to Lyons Creek to work on a project. It is always nice to see Lyons Creek with a good head of water flowing through its watercourse.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 07, 2018, 05:48:09 PM
[attachimg=1]

From there I drove down the mountain into the Crystal Basin to finish up the day.

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Orchard Grass, Dactylis glomerata, is a non-native invasive species. It is generally found in waste areas that are somewhat moist, such as moist ditches along roadways.

[attachimg=3]

I worked my way down to Peavine Ridge. Here the beautiful annual Collomia grandiflora was in bloom.

This part of Peavine Ridge is about 1,500 feet (457 meters) below Wilson Meadow. Here the weather is much hotter and drier. As an example, the high temperature on this section of the Ridge was 85 F (29.4 C) and the low was 53 F (11.7 C), considerably warmer than the temperatures in the Wilson Meadow area (H 74 F and L 45 F). In addition, the relative humidity was 25% at 1:00 p.m. on Peavine Ridge and it was 42% at the same time in the Lyons Creek Basin. It is not surprising that the flora is quite different at each location, however what is surprising is that a few of the same species can be found at each site too.

[attachimg=4]

Sierra Lessingia, Lessingia leptoclada had started into its bloom cycle too. This tough little annual can be found blooming well into the autumn. It is quite amazing as it also grows and blooms in hot, dry situations.

[attachimg=5]

Calystegia malacophylla ssp. malacophylla is a member of the Convolvulaceae Family (Morning-glory Family). As are other members of this family, this species is also very tough. It tends to thrive in extreme hot and dry situations. Its hairy foliage is very attractive.

This finished up my day. I do not mind working with others, however I get 1 x 105 to ∞ more work done when working by myself. Now, for the time being, I am back working on my own, and getting much accomplished. This was a successful day. Today, 7 July, it looks like I will have an opportunity to get over to Gerle Creek. I’ll see what I can get accomplished.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 08, 2018, 02:30:43 PM
[attachimg=1]

More photographs from the Wilson Meadow area and Peavine Ridge.

Agastache urticifolia, in its best forms, creates striking tall stems topped with pink flowers.

[attachimg=2]

Butterweed, Senecio triangularis, is a very common species found in moist areas near springs and other perennially damp areas. The bright yellow flowers are very showy. Sometimes they can be found growing in large colonies. In such situations the display of flowers when in bloom can be very striking.

[attachimg=3]

Mertensia ciliata var. stomatechoides is another moisture lover. I enjoy the small blue flowers of this species.

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Dicentra formosa is generally found at lower elevations, however I find them occasionally up to 6,500 feet (1,981 meters) in our area.

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Erigeron glacialis var. glacialis has relatively large ray type flower petals. They are very common at the higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada and are a delight to see.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 08, 2018, 02:33:22 PM
[attachimg=1]

Mule’s Ear, Wyethia mollis, has very large ray type flower petals. The hairy gray-green leaves are very attractive. At a few locations in Eldorado National Forest there are “dry” meadows where they grow in great quantities. An ocean of yellow flowers can be seen for miles.

[attachimg=2]

From the crest of Peavine Ridge, smoke from the “County” Fire and be seen. This fire has consumed many of the wild sites that I visited in the Northern Coastal Mountains. Fires like this do not get much exposure in the news. Human property is not being destroyed. It is as if the plants and the animals do not have any value. It is very sad to see this occurring.

[attachimg=3]

On Peavine Ridge Calycadonia truncata is blooming now.

[attachimg=4]

Lessingia leptoclada can be found blooming at many locations along the crest of Peavine Ridge at this time.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on July 09, 2018, 06:12:57 AM
Plenty of interesting stuff, Robert, both flora, fauna and history.

I recognized one species as native here: Dactylis glomerata. It is very common. We call it "hundegras" (dog grass). I wouldn't mind some of your plants as "weed" here :)
 
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 09, 2018, 02:35:58 PM
Hi Trond,

I wish that some of our California native plant species were a little more weed-like.

I guess this only emphasizes the new frontiers of horticulture that need to be blazed. I hope folks understand what a fantastic global resource we have in this forum. In some cases we are at the vanguard or cutting edge of exciting new plants, growing techniques, and practical first hand information available to gardeners. There are plenty of dull, impractical, useless databases pertaining to plants and horticulture on the Internet. Here on the SRGC Forum one can interact, ask questions, and receive answers from experts and veteran gardeners on almost any horticultural topic.

Here in California, I have my hands full working with our native species. It is a wide-open frontier where so many horticultural possibilities are completely overlooked.

In the realm of conservation, our situation in California is overwhelming. We have so many local, rare and/or endemic species that need our care and attention. The loss of “common” species is not being addressed. Habitat loss and alteration is a pressing concern. I have witnessed, documented and continue to document the changes here in Eldorado National Forest. I remember and grew up (at my father’s cabin) in this Forest. I am one of the very few, in our area, that witnessed the devastation to the forest ecosystems from the 1960’s onward. In my journals and databases I continue to write and record these changes. A young aspiring botanist recently told me that the condition of the forest is improving. I’m not sure the genesis of such ideas, but it is completely contrary to my meteorological and botanical data, as well as my 50 plus years of observations.

I’ll continue to offer what I can through the SRGC. Maybe our precious plant species will become a little more “weed-like” throughout the globe. There is so much that needs to be done here in California to steward and preserve our natural bounty.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on July 09, 2018, 04:49:20 PM
Quote
There is so much that needs to be done here in California to steward and preserve our natural bounty.

Yes, but thanks to dedicated  folk like yourself, Robert, there are those who do care and who are learning more about it. Well done to you, I say!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 11, 2018, 09:31:12 PM
[attachimg=1]

Clear skies over the Sierra Nevada this morning, 11 July 2018.

The weather forecast is for monsoonal moisture to start arriving today. There were no signs of convection this morning, however things could be very different this afternoon. Relative Humidity and Dew Points are up, hinting that moist air is already filtering into our region.

[attachimg=2]

Most of the snow has melted from the high peaks of the Crystal Range. Temperatures in the Central Valley (Sacramento) and lower foothills (Placerville) have been running in the 100 F range (37.8 C); on Peavine Ridge 5,146 feet, 87 to 90 F (30.6 to 32.2 C); even in the high country temperature have been 78 to 80 F (25.6 to 26.7 C). These temperatures are very common for this time of year. Next week the big heat is forecast to arrive with temperatures in the 105 F plus (40.6 C) range.

My next outing will be next Thursdays.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 21, 2018, 04:46:45 PM
[attachimg=1]

I had a very busy day in Eldorado National Forest on Thursday, 19 July. My original plan was to spend a short time at one of the habitat restoration sites in the morning and then move on to the Lyons Creek area. The situation at the restoration site was not what I expected. The ended up spending all morning and part of the afternoon at the site. I was a bit overwhelmed by the diversity of species. It is quite amazing and I was very pleased to make some important finds.

[attachimg=2]

I spent the afternoon in the Lyons Creek Basin. There were still many plant species in bloom. The scenery is always pleasant.  :)

[attachimg=3]

There was a bit on smoke and haze in the air all day from a forest fire in the vicinity of Yosemite National Park. Here it can be seen in the canyon of the South Fork of the American River.

Over all I had a great day and a goodly number of photographs turned out well. I will start writing up a report of the outing this coming week.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 28, 2018, 10:03:34 PM
[attachimg=1]

We are experiencing a typical California heat wave, however the skies are extremely smoky due to two major fires in Northern California. The Ferguson Fire near Yosemite National Park has burned 49,619 acres and is only 29% contained. To the north, the Carr Fire has burned 48,312 acres, including part of the city of Redding, California. This fire is completely out of control and is only 5% contained. The residents of over 5,000 additional homes have been forced to evacuate, as the fire jumped the Sacramento River and moved toward downtown Redding.

[attachimg=2]

Temperatures are well above average, however they are not at record levels.  As an example, this morning it was 77 F (25 C) at 9:30 a.m. near Riverton, 3,625 feet (1,105 meters), and 86 F (30 C) at 10:00 a.m. on the crest of Peavine Ridge, 5,146 feet (1,569 meters).

[attachimg=3]

To give an idea of our current high temperatures, the high temperature yesterday, 27 July, at the Riverton site was 98 F (36.7 C). On the crest of Peavine Ridge yesterday’s high was 96 F (35.6 C). In the Sierra Nevada foothills and the Sacramento Valley highs have been generally running in the 100 F (38 C) plus range, except near the Sacramento River delta (weak ocean influence).

[attachimg=4]

Even at the head of the Lyons Creek Basin, 6,622 feet (2,018 meters), the temperatures are warm. The high temperature on 26 July was 85 F (29.4 C). This morning it was 78 F (25.6 C) by 11:00 a.m. In addition to the warm temperatures, the air is extremely dry. The relative humidity at Lyons Creek was 19% at 11:00 a.m. By the afternoon it will likely be in the low teens to the single digits.

[attachimg=5]

Our current temperatures are well above average, but are still typical for this time of year. Now we can only hope that the fires are put out and the air clears.

Now that I have some free time, I will work on posting my report on my last outing.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on July 29, 2018, 12:19:41 PM
News reports here of the California fires  have been frightening, Robert.  Things will get worse before they get better, it seems.  Wishing  the best for all affected.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 30, 2018, 02:44:35 PM
The Carr Fire continues to burn near the town of Redding, California. As of last evening, it has grown to 95,368 acres and is only 17% contained. 7-8 people are known dead, however others are still missing. The dense smoke has blanketed most of Northern California. In our area south of the fire, the smoke was so dense yesterday that cloudless skies appeared overcast all day. This morning the dense smoke remains, as winds have been light.

The good news is that the Carr Fire appears to have turned away from the city of Redding and is moving away from the most densely populated areas. The bad news is that this type of fire seems to be the new “normal” for us in Northern California as many more homes are being built in high-risk areas.

[attachimg=1]

It would not hurt the fire situation if there were some rain. Despite some monsoonal moisture working its way into our region over the past month, most of the precipitation has remained south and east of our area. I have not recorded any rainfall at any of my weather observations sites on the western slope of the Crystal Range since 25 May.

As one can see from the photograph, water levels on Lyons Creek are getting low. The Madden – Julian Oscillation (MJO) is often a driving force of the monsoonal flow in Mexico and the western U.S.A. The forecast appears to indicate that the MJO will move into a neutral phase over the next month or so, however I did notice on the GFS a tropical storm/hurricane developing along the western southern Mexico coast. It is projected to move northward toward southern Baja California and could move close enough to our part of California to bring us some rain. It is all in the Crystal Ball of long-range forecasts, so we will have to see what develops.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 31, 2018, 06:33:48 AM
[attachimg=1]

Dense smoke blanketed our part of the Sierra Nevada Mountains through the morning and early afternoon hours.

[attachimg=2]

For me, a much greater gloom was the return of the brush clearing machines. Most likely I am the only person who truly knows and has documented what grows at specific sites in this area. Yes, folks do “rare plant treasure hunts” and this is laudable, however there are more than “rare” plants that need attention. In this area, rare forms of common species will likely disappear. Near this site a very unusual low elevation colony of Calochortus minimus can be found, as well as possible Manzanita hybrids involving Arctostaphylos patula, A. mewukka ssp. mewukka and A. viscida ssp. viscida.

There is nothing I can do to save the plants. Back in the 1990’s I watched as commercial logging destroyed colonies of natural hybrid lilies (Lilium pardalinum x L. parvum) as well as very unusual tetraploid forms of Lilium pardalinum. Then there was the colony of Lilium parvum with up-facing flowers. My list goes on and on. It appears that I am the only person aware that the plants ever existed or even cares. From what I understand, this same process is occurring everywhere on the planet. So many possibilities for gardeners and the world are going MIA.

[attachimg=3]

Later in the afternoon I was in the vicinity of Wilson Meadow (pictured). By this time the wind had picked up and the smoke began to disperse. Above the smoke there was a cloud deck of altocumulus clouds. A trickle of monsoonal moisture was working its way northward. Most of the moisture was well south and east of our area.

I checked the 7 day forecast models when I arrived back in Placerville. Despite improved computer programing, the GFS is having a difficult time handling the forecast. Yesterday a tropical cyclone was forecast to develop off the southwestern coast of Mexico. Today it has been omitted from the forecast model.

I did check the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) forecast. Their crystal ball is forecasting enhanced tropical cyclone formation over the Eastern Pacific during the next two weeks. In addition, the MJO index has continued to weaken. Moving over to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) updates, by autumn there is a 65% chance of an ENSO event, by winter a 70% chance. At this time sea surface temperatures (SST) are still below the ENSO threshold, however temperatures are on the rise with Kelvin wave down welling creating much warmer lower level ocean temperatures in the Eastern Pacific.

We will see how the changes influence our summer monsoon season. Both the MJO and ENSO will influence the weather around the globe.

Yes, I am working on my report for the last outing.   ;D  Tomorrow I have business to attend to but I am getting closer.  ???   ::)   :-[

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on July 31, 2018, 10:58:30 AM
Grim news indeed, Robert.  And, as you say, this is a scenario being repeated around the world.   Troubling times for the natural world - let alone mankind.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on July 31, 2018, 11:49:07 AM
.... "Troubling times for the natural world"..."there's often a clue":... mankind...
    Truth is in the mind of the beholder...but at times it may be necessary to clobber the stupid and misinformed with grim news...perhaps they wake up!  ???
Arturo
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on July 31, 2018, 12:31:25 PM
Yes, you have that right, Arturo!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on July 31, 2018, 02:46:46 PM
Clearly, I confess my disappointment.

Beyond that, I just try to gather myself together and continue onward. What I see occurring is incredibly destructive, wasteful, and counter productive, however there are generally crumbs and pieces leftover that can be seeds for a future. At times the waste can be turned into something beautiful and useful. I attempt to observe as much as possible, especially the species and things that are overlooked, and less apparent for whatever reason. I am sure that the genes are still out there to create up facing forms of Lilium parvum, heat tolerant, easy to grow forms of Calochortus minimus, and many other new and beautiful garden plants. There is no money or glory in such things, so they will remain ignored. For me these circumstances create the perfect project where I can find fascinating things to explore, and hopefully share what is worthy to share.

I will continue to report on the beauty of our natural heritage and the fascinating plants I encounter here in California. At times there may be disappointing encounters, however this is part of the truth too.

Now, back to work.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on July 31, 2018, 03:17:04 PM
Robert, minuscule portions of your wonderful plant biodiversity are already in different stages of growth here. I spent this morning getting some of the Penstemon stratified in pots outside. Just this genus ( one of your SO ! many very valuable flowers) has so many variants and species. I checked El Dorado county Pents and 33 are listed in Calflora. Although that site is excellent, many populations are not even registered! Grim circumstances should not deter from your valuable work. (it reminds me of Vavilov's work during WWII, also done silently).
I do pray however that global awareness reaches to decision makers...
Arturo
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 01, 2018, 05:32:05 AM
Arturo,

It is great to hear that you have many plants coming along well.  8)

Maybe this coming spring you will start to see the first flowers on some of your older plants. I definitely look forward to reports on your progress.

And yes, I agree Nikolai Vavilov was certainly an interesting person. He contributed a great deal to the science of agronomy, and was instrumental in advancing agriculture in the former Soviet Union. At one time I read a great deal about him and others such as Frank Meyer of the USDA.

Calflora is an excellent resource, however check carefully and research the results to confirm the accuracy of the listings.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 02, 2018, 07:05:09 AM
NATIONAL FOREST RESTORATION
&
LYONS CREEK
El Dorado County, California
Part I

Thursday, 19 July 2018

Weather Eldorado National Forest, 5,525 feet (1,684 meters)
Weather: High Clouds
Temperature, High: 90 F, 32.2 C
                       Low: 44 F, 6.7 C
Relative Humidity: 31%
Dew Point: 55 F, 12.8 C
Wind: SW 4G7
Precipitation: 0.00 inches (0.0 mm), To date (starting 1 July): 0.00 inches (0.0 mm)

Weather Lyons Creek, 6,622 feet (2,018 meters)
Weather: High Clouds
Temperature, High: 82 F, 27.8 C
                       Low: 39 F, 6.7 C
Relative Humidity: 34%
Dew Point: 48 F (8.9 C)
Wind: NW 4G5
Precipitation: 0.00 inches (0.0 mm), To date (starting 1 July): 00.00 inches (0.0 mm)


[attachimg=1]

Thursday, 19 July, was my first opportunity for botanical outing in many weeks. My goal was to make a quick visit to a habitat restoration site in Eldorado National Forest before traveling to the Lyons Creek Basin to spend the remaining part of the day. There were a number of tasks I needed to accomplish before arriving at the restoration site, so I set off early from Sacramento, 4:30 a.m.

It was a typical summer day in the Sierra Nevada, cool in the morning, warm and dry in the afternoon. The summer monsoon season had started, but to date I had not recorded any rainfall in any of my rain gauges located throughout the western slope of the Crystal Range. When I arrived at the restoration site, it was apparent that the landscape was becoming very dry. This is not unusual for this time of the year.

[attachimg=2]

After downloading data from my data recorders, I proceeded to an area where a number of seasonal ponds are located. When I arrived at the first pond, I found it dry.

[attachimg=3]

The ponds hold water seasonally, so I was not surprised to see this pond dry. Sadly, the damage from the off-road-vehicles is still very apparent. The central area without vegetation is where the off-road-vehicles were driven in continuous circles. If one looks closely at the photograph, the tire tracks and ruts are still visible.

In addition to the damage created by the off-road-vehicles, the approaches to the pond were deeply ripped with a D-8 tractor. This was necessary to prevent access to the area by the off-road-vehicles. Unfortunately, the ripping also impacted the underground and surface hydrology. How this will impact the wetland areas is unknown to me.

[attachimg=4]

One of the resident Black Bears, Ursus americanus, visits the pond site frequently.

[attachimg=5]

I was very surprised to find a single colony of Rosa pisocarpa ssp. pisocarpa at the site. This species is not known occur in this part of California. I checked the plant very carefully to, indeed, confirm its identity. This specimen is just one of a number of “out of place” species I have identified at this site. I have been contemplating how and why these species came to be located at this specific site and nowhere else in the immediate area. The site has a long history of livestock grazing. There is a possibility that the plants arrived with the livestock or perhaps were purposely relocated by those tending the livestock. These are certainly interesting questions to investigate with many possibilities.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 02, 2018, 07:08:53 AM
[attachimg=1]

A short distance beyond the lower pond is another seasonal pond.

[attachimg=2]

This pond was not directly impacted by the off-road-vehicles. In general, the habitat of this pond is in much better condition than the lower pond, however the commercial logging that occurred in this area during the 1990’s did severally impact the forest in the immediate vicinity surrounding the pond.

[attachimg=3]

Although the site is rapidly drying there is still water flowing through the site. Commercial logging and other human activities have severely impacted the hydrology in this area. I distinctly remember trout living in the creek at this site back in the 1960’s. Over the decades, the creek has experienced a great deal of siltation due to commercial logging on the surrounding slopes. In addition, the logging of the old growth forest on the site has increased evapotranspiration, soil and air temperatures and eliminated the high shade tree canopy. The trout are gone and the creek dries completely by autumn during most seasons. Undoubtedly there have been changes in the flora. Finding remnant populations in the some of the unlogged areas is one of my prime objectives.

[attachimg=4]

The diversity and population numbers of the Lepidoptera species at this site is very impressive. During one visit this spring I observed thousands of adult butterflies congregating at damp soil. On this outing I still observed many butterflies, but in lesser numbers. Adelpha bredowii, California Sister, is one of the butterfly species I encountered on this outing.

[attachimg=5]

The height of the blooming season had passed, however there were still stray flowers on some of the earlier blooming species. At one site I found a few Helenium bigelovii still in bloom.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 02, 2018, 07:12:12 AM
[attachimg=1]

Coyote Mint, Mondarella odoratissima ssp. pallida, was blooming at many dry, sunny sites throughout this area. This species is a major attractant for adult Lepidoptera species during the summer months. A number of Grass-Skipper species can be found in the Sierra Nevada. Pictured is a Polites species, perhaps P. sonora or P. sabuleti.

[attachimg=2]

Fritillaries are notoriously difficult to identify to the species level. This Fritillary may have been a Callippe Fritillary, Speyeria callippe, or a Zerene Fritillary, Speyeria zerene.

[attachimg=3]

Viola tomentosa was seen in dry locations. Many were drying and going dormant for the summer, however a few were found in growth with flowers.

I was hoping to limit my time at the site. In an attempt to streamline my activities, I took very few photographs. Some of the interesting species seen but not photographed were: Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. tenuis, Ranunculus orthorhynchus var. orthrhynchus, Veronica arvense, Ranunculus flammula var. ovalis, and Trichostema oblongum. Before I knew it, it was 2:00 p.m. and I was still exploring the site. I quickly wrapped up my activities and proceeded to the Lyons Creek Basin.

[attachimg=4]

I arrived at the head of the Lyons Creek Basin at approximately 3:00 p.m. There was still plenty of daylight remaining, so I started off up the trail to see what I might find.

[attachimg=5]

The head of the Lyons Creek Basin is at approximately 6,700 feet (2,042 meters). Although, here too, the peak of the blooming season had passed, there were still many flowering plants in bloom.

The lower portions of the basin consist of a mosaic series of meadows ranging from hydric, mesic, to xeric. Each meadow has it own unique mix of plant species. I was very pleased to see Pedicularis attollens in bloom. This species tends to prefer the moist meadows that often become very dry by the end of the season.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 02, 2018, 07:15:47 AM
[attachimg=1]

As one can see from the photograph, Lupinus lepidus var. sellulus is seen frequently with Pedicularis attollens. Lupinus lepidus var. sellulus is tolerant of much drier conditions than P. attollens. In the drier meadows it is seen with a different mix of species.

[attachimg=2]

Spiraea splendens is one of my favorite flowering shrubs from the high Sierra Nevada. The species stays reasonably compact and preforms well in garden situations, even in our Sacramento Valley garden with the long hot summers. With careful selections forms can be found that have nice crimson autumn foliage and deep pink flowers that retain much of their deep color at much lower elevations.

[attachimg=3]

Eurybia integrifolia is one of the late season bloomers. On this outing they were just starting to bloom. This species is often seen in very dry locations, however they are certainly tolerant of more moisture.

[attachimg=4]

Eriogonum incanum definitely prefers dry sunny locations. It is seen in the driest meadow often associated with Calyptridium and Allium campanulatum.

[attachimg=5]

The larger meadows are surrounded by Lodgepole Pine forest, Pinus contorta ssp. murrayana mixed with California Red Fir, Abies magnifica var. magnifica. Often there are small clearings that intersect the forest. These small clearings are often filled with a succession of interesting wildflowers. I often get distracted exploring these areas, and this day was no exception.


1 August 2018

We had an interesting day here in El Dorado County, California. About 2:30 p.m. the Bumper Fire started burning about 2 miles from the farm. The Calfire fire station is about 0.5 miles from the farm, so when I heard the sirens I was not concerned as I hear them frequently as they respond to fires in our area. Not long after I heard the sirens, a jet borate plane flew a few hundred feet above the roof of the house. Huge plumes of smoke filled the sky as the winds blew the fire almost directly in our direction. I dialed in the emergency frequency and discovered that the neighborhoods just over the hill from us were being ordered to evacuate! Maybe some have seen the images of the Carr Fire or the Mendocino Complex Fires that are still burning in California (they can be easily viewed on the internet). If this fire was not extinguished quickly, a firestorm could reach the house in 15 minutes or less. Needless to say, I watched the forward progress of the fire and was prepared to evacuate immediately if necessary. Fortunately, there were plenty of borate planes and helicopters available and the fire was controlled within an hour or two. This time we were spared, however the consequences of climate change have brought devastating wildfires to our part of California. It was only a few years ago that the King Fire burned a huge swath through the central portion of El Dorado County. Now wildfires burn through portions of cities (Redding this year, Santa Rosa last year, not to mention Southern California) and become international news.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: fermi de Sousa on August 02, 2018, 11:28:35 AM
Hi Robert,
very anxious times waiting for the fire to advance or be controlled! :o
Glad to know that you are safe and hope for continued good luck.
The report is excellent as usual!  Apart from the great flowers and butterflies it is good to hear your opinion about how the restoration work is going amid the ongoing environmental damage
cheers
fermi
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 02, 2018, 03:15:49 PM
Fermi,

This morning I arose to beautiful orange mare’s tails (i.e. Cirrus, Ci) illuminated by the rising sun. Overnight, a southwestern flow of air has brought cooling ocean air from the Pacific Ocean. The heavy smoke has been blown away. Temperatures are running a bit cooler this a.m., the relative humidity is up, and the cool SW winds are not excessively strong.

These days I am not able to travel far for my botanical outings, however I am making the best from the locations I can visit. The botanical details within my current sites of activity are amazingly diverse and fascinating. Much good can be derived from careful detailed observations. There is considerable genetic diversity within the various plant species that grow within my current sites of interests. So many have horticultural potential, especial if one is willing to unlock the genetic potential within each genome. There are infinite possibilities to create beauty in our gardens.

I will be writing up part II soon enough.

Yesterday, I checked and the brush-clearing machine drove off through the brush (Arctostaphylos) to some unknown location down the ridge. I’m sure that their path of destruction will move back towards its point of origin. This too is part of what I have to accept and deal with. There are some fantastic plants within this area, so when the “dust clears” I will be checking on the survivors. Based on what I have observed from last years bush clearing, the most sensitive species are the least resilient to the mechanical brush clearing. It is best for me to not give up hope. I will keep looking for the “lost” species. Ultimately Nature always prevails.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 04, 2018, 02:27:02 AM
[attachimg=1]

Persistent dense smoke continues to linger throughout our part of California. The Carr Fire continues to burn near Redding California, now threatening Lewiston, California. In addition, there are new evacuation orders in the path of the Mendocino Complex Fire.

[attachimg=2]

The weather is cooling slightly and is forecast to continue to cool for one or two days before spiking again into the 100 F (37.8 C) range. Today’s high temperatures:
91 F (32.8 C) Placerville 1,460 ft.
90 F (32.2 C) Riverton 3,625 ft.
89 F (31.7 C) Peavine Ridge 5,146 ft.
78 F (25.6 C) Lyons Creek 6,622 ft.

[attachimg=3]

I will post the last installment of my last outing in a few days. This photograph is a current view of the meadows in the Lyons Creek Basin. The meadows are continuing to dry, however they are still fairly green. The monsoonal moisture is currently shifting to the east, leaving us very dry.

I have been monitoring the current Eastern Pacific cyclone activity. Sometimes the cyclones can swing to the northeast and track into California or Arizona, especially in late August to early September. Currently there are 4 tropical depressions in the eastern Pacific, Hector, and three other developing storms. At this time all the storms are tracking to the west, however depression 3 at 12N 98W is forecast to track to the northwest. All the storms are located below 15N.

There have been many extremes around the globe this year (including Europe!) and I have been watching and recording the local weather since 1968. Obviously I enjoy reporting the weather and climatic conditions and how it interacts with our local flora.

[attachimg=4]

Locally, potential wildfire conditions continue to be near extreme levels. So far, the low dew points have not budged much and the southwesterly wind speeds have increased considerably. Red Flag Fire Warnings have been posted for many parts of Northern California including our area.

As I write a new fire has broken out near the El Dorado County farm. I can hear the borate planes fly over the house. Social media is useless for real time emergency information. Thank God I now am a licensed ham radio operator. I am monitoring the emergency 2-meter band in our area. Currently the farm is not in the path of the fire and the prevailing wind is moving it away from the farm.

The current wildfire near the farm is distracting while trying to writing.

Stay tuned.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 04, 2018, 04:31:47 PM
[attachimg=1]

Dense smoke continues to blanket our part of California this morning.

Currently the winds are light and from a northern direction. Strong southwestern winds are forecast to develop later today. We are all hoping that we will not be contending with a new firestorm today. This afternoon I will be making manual wind observations in the Sierra Nevada.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 05, 2018, 05:40:11 AM
NATIONAL FOREST RESTORATION
&
LYONS CREEK
El Dorado County, California
Part II

[attachimg=1]

The Apiaceae species, Ligusticum grayi, is seen frequently along the lower portions of the Lyons Creek Basin. It prefers growing in semi-shaded sites near conifers.

[attachimg=2]

Erigeron glacialis var. glacialis is a very common daisy in the Sierra Nevada. It is also very attractive. I have a nice healthy colony established in our Sacramento garden and hope to see flowers next year.

[attachimg=3]

Along with Spiraea splendens, Lonicera conjugialis grows abundantly in the lower portions of the Lyons Creek Basin. The fruit on this species are developing quickly and will be bright red by autumn.

[attachimg=4]

The butterflies were very active in the meadows. Observing and identifying butterflies takes considerable time and perseverance. Unfortunately, I arrived much later in the day than I originally intended. I had other priorities and did not spend much time with the butterflies. With a quick glance, this butterfly appeared to be a Speyeria species (Fritillary).

[attachimg=5]

Castilleja miniata ssp. miniata blooms for many weeks during the summer.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 05, 2018, 05:43:03 AM
[attachimg=1]

Yellow forms of Catilleja miniata ssp. miniata are unusual. The colony at this site is very stable. I found this group several years ago. To date, the population of this colony appears to have remained the same or may be slowly increasing in size.

[attachimg=2]

The yellow form of Castilleja miniata ssp. miniata is very beautiful. To date, I have been having considerable success growing both annual and perennial forms of Castilleja.  For me, the perennial forms have been long-lived. Choosing the appropriate companion species appears to be of critical importance. I have yet to try Castilleja miniata, however I hope to start experimenting with this species soon.

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The tall stems of Aconogonon phytolaccifolium were topped with their racemes of white flowers. This species is always associated with consistent moisture.

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Early July is a good time of year to see Poaceae species in bloom. Many of the meadows in this area are green with “grass”, actually Sedges and Rushes, early in the season. The true members of Poaceae become apparent later in the season.

Trisetum projectum, Interrupted False Oat, (pictured) was seen growing abundantly in many of the meadows. Agrostis humilis, Agrostis scabra, Bromus carinatus var. carinatus, Danthonia californica, Glyceria elata, Phleum alpinum, and Stipa lemmonii ssp. lemmonii were some of the other Poaceae species seen in the various meadows.

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Fireweed, Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum, is quite attractive when in bloom. I guess it is considered noxious and weedy, however in its native habitat it is a delight to see.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 05, 2018, 05:45:51 AM
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Fireweed, Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum, seen blooming in mass can be spectacular. This large group looked great!

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In dry, sunny sites, Goldenrod, Solidago sp. was blooming abundantly. Solidago elongata and S. lepida var. salebrosa belong to the taxonomically difficult S. canadensis complex. I have logged Solidago elongata (serrated leaves) from this area. The plants in this colony did not fit perfectly to the description of Soliago elongata or S. lepida var. salebrosa. This is not unusual.

Various forms of Soliago elongata have proven themselves to be excellent, easy-to-grow plants in our Sacramento garden. To date, I have grown both dwarf and taller growing forms. The taller forms bloom abundantly, however to date, the dwarf form has been shy blooming.

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The tall stately stems of Agastache urticifolia topped with their pink flowers are a delight to see. The foliage has a pleasant minty scent.

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In moist areas and along small streams Aconitum columbianum ssp. columbianum can be found where there is adequate shade.

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This species has a subtle beauty. The flowers can range in color from deep blue-purple to white. In this area the majority of the plants have flushed lavender flowers.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 05, 2018, 05:48:45 AM
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Arrowleaf Butterweed, Senecio triangularis, is another common, frequently seen species in this area. It is found in moist habitats along small streams and in wet meadows where there is adequate shade. I like this common species and finally has a small colony established in our Sacramento garden.

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Near the end of the day the monsoonal clouds started to drift in from the east.

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While admiring the beautiful clouds drifting in, I noticed the current season’s cones on the top of the Red Fir, Abies magnifica var. magnifica. Unlike many other conifers, the cones of Abies do not remain intact, but disintegrate on the tree when ripe with the winged seed traveling off with the wind.

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I arrived late in the day, so it was not long before it was time to return to the Outback and start the drive back to Sacramento.

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Near the crest of the canyon of the South Fork of the American River I could see the monsoon clouds thickening and building into the area. As it turned out, this wave of monsoonal moisture brought rain to the eastern and southern portions of the Sierra Nevada. The spotty nature of our monsoonal precipitations is very typical. To date, the monsoon season has been more or less average in our portion of the Sierra Nevada, with little or no precipitation west of the Crystal Range crest.

My outings are a great pleasure. I can visit a site repeatedly year after year and still find infinite layer upon layer of details to investigate. There is never a dull moment and I look forward to my next visit to the Lyons Creek area.

In a few weeks I will have an opportunity for another outing.  At this time the plan is to visit the Tells Peak region of the Crystal Range.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 05, 2018, 02:21:11 PM
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Smoky conditions prevailed in El Dorado County as wildfires continued to burn throughout Northern California. The wind speed has increased hampering fire fighting efforts. The Ranch Fire (Mendocino Complex Fire) is now the 6th largest in our State’s history. Its eastward progress has burned much of the area west of Bear Valley in the Coastal Mountains. I conducted and reported on a number of outings from this area over the past few years. Many rare and highly unusual plant species grow in and near the current burn area.

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Yesterday, 4 August, smoky conditions continued at the higher elevations. Wilson Meadow is drying, however there is still some moisture in the ground and there is still some “green”.

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Some portions of Wilson Meadow have become choked with Lodgepole Pine, Pinus contorta ssp. murruyana. With all the current fire damage, it seems a bit oxymoronic to say that the meadow would benefit from fire. A controlled burn in the spring when conditions are moist (cool fire) might work. At some point, this is what is planned for the meadow. Now that the effects of climate change are here, how to approach a cool burned needs to be thought out carefully. Now, in some cases, controlled burns are getting out of control.

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Some portions of the meadow are already extremely dry. A fire with this much dry fuel could become explosive.

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Solidago elongata grows abundantly in Wilson Meadow. Plants can be found growing side by side with and without serrated leaf margins.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 05, 2018, 02:23:30 PM
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Water is still flowing in Lyons Creek, however the flow rate is diminishing quickly.

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When I was young (1960’s), Lyons Creek continued to flow during the summer and autumn. Now, expect for years with heavy winter snowfall and/or a strong summer monsoon season, the creek stops flowing in the late summer or autumn. This is another impact of climate change on our region. At least the larger pools of water will remain and some of the trout can survive for another season.

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Late in the day a persistent strong wind began to erode the smoke and the skies started to clear somewhat. At Wrights Lake, I could finally see the high peaks of the Crystal Range.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on August 05, 2018, 03:15:22 PM
Robert, with present degree of climate change, what could have been a sound management strategy may no longer be so ( controlled cool fire). Perhaps one might reconsider a different management strategy: controlled grazing with domestic herbivores. LLamas have padded feet( also the other S.American camelid:Alpacas ) so they might be a better option to traditional horses, cows and sheep. Trampling may cause surface erosion, however any management strategy implies weighing advantages and shortcomings. The purpose is to keep meadows open so that the grazing could be designed with short span and high density surrounded by electric fencing that only needs a car battery for charge. Keeping forests patch is one of the foundations of maintaining biodiversity. Normally, natural wildfires kept that role. But the problem is that "natural" condition no longer exists anywhere in the world even in the most remote portions of it....
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 06, 2018, 06:29:03 AM
Arturo,

These are some fascinating concepts to consider. Using grazing animals – is this a technique you have used in Argentina? Or are these theoretical ideas? Personally I think that both avenues can be expanded upon and portions used to create workable solutions.

I agree that old solutions to the current situation may not be viable. With creativity and flexibility a positive outcome seems more likely. In my case, I have personal data that can be used to imperfectly model the current conditions (sometimes past conditions too) at a number of sites. In Addition, I use various inputs to create models of past or future outcomes based on various inputs. My object is to visualize and detect patterns, feed back loops, etc. within the natural system. Obviously many questions need to be asked and careful observations need to be made.

In the case of Wilson Meadow, the habitat is responding to both natural and anthropogenic driven modifications to the environment. Minus human interference, I have no idea what the current meadow environment should look like. I believe that observing natural patterns and applying them can restore the natural equilibrium to any habitat. One thing I am certain of, applying an economic model to a natural system with never benefit a natural system. We see this continually in agriculture, forestry, cities, etc. Huge artificial inputs (E energy) are necessary to maintain the equilibrium of the system. My solution is to allow the natural flow of energy through the system to sustain the equilibrium. I have personally seen this approach work with agriculture (think something along the lines of permaculture or the techniques used by Masanabu Fukuoka). There is no reason these general concepts will not work in other context. Very sensitive and devoted stewardship is required for success. I other words someone(s) needs to be personally invested in the outcome of the project (i.e. we truly need to care).

As per your last statement – I agree anthropogenic modifications to the environment are everywhere, including much of the space around our planet and beyond. In far too many cases the changes are not in our best long-term interests – at least if we want to survive, get along with each other, and coexist harmoniously with other beings on this planet. I was completely inspired by the documentary “The Eagle Huntress”. There is much we can learn from imperfect people who live authentic lives and create something beautiful. I was very touched by the father’s love for his daughter and the daughter’s desire to be true to herself. Such things can heal this world.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on August 06, 2018, 11:25:17 AM
Robert, my inquisitive mind is always trying to figure out alternatives. My suggestion was based only of what I've been shown by your pictures. I've read about the utilization of grazing animals in maintaining certain "natural" habitats in many protected areas in Europe, not back at home here. Of course my suggestion was restricted in the sense that it was not thought as a source of income, but rather a possible much less hazardous management tool. The managed herbivore herd should belong to the restoration management authority no to a private entrepreneur or definitely no-one that would keep that herd for personal profit. Obviously other native ungulates in your forests used to maintain the meadow patches open. Do they still do it?. Perhaps in Yellowstone NP yes, I personally saw there your native woodland bison. As I understand they are a variant of the plains bison. They are not migrant. I have no knowledge if woodland bison ever trampled your meadows there, but from what I gather there wouldn't have been any barriers towards that happening in the past. The same goes for mountain sheep. Your native deer contribute in keeping grass short, but they are different from other ungulates that their diet is focused in browsing so they are less efficient in keeping the meadow a meadow. The utilization of domestic animals is based on the fact that they are much easier to handle, tend and care. Ideally, the native wild herbivores once restored ought to play that role. But are there enough of them around from which to draw populations to restablish animal/plant balance?. It would seem not. I know very little ( or close to nothing) about the past history of that area, but if it followed general patterns, the larger mammals were initially removed by the first settlers because of their ease in hunting. Those were times when no one saw any harm in doing so. Any restoration requires a step by step approach, because unfortunately a passive stance , by which one hopes that nature will go by its way if one avoids present negative anthropogenic action, is no longer tenable. In most places nature has lost its natural mechanisms to restore itself! The final strawberry on the cake is this present climatic change! Needless to say, any restoration project needs dedicated and committed souls who are willing to dedicate their lives as stewards for each site. If I were placed in a job search committee, I know from the start , that it is a very hard search....! However ocasionally miracles occur... :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: johnralphcarpenter on August 06, 2018, 11:33:07 AM
 The National Trust here in the UK use Dartmoor ponies to graze the cliff-top habitat at the White Cliffs of Dover. This keeps the undergrowth in check.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 06, 2018, 06:09:24 PM
Arturo,

I appreciate your input immensely. Most likely I will never be participating in the restoration of Wilson Meadow. The system has made it crystal clear that my participation is not wanted, ever, in anything. This is a blessing, as I need to be authentic like the 13-year-old girl in the documentary “The Eagle Huntress” and set off on my own direction. For me the restoration project is a theoretic exercise, which I can still apply when I am out in the field doing what I do. For me, the restoration of anything in this Universe is in the hands of God. I partner with God by being like a spirit in the forest that nobody sees or is aware of. How this works, I have no idea, but then I know very little about God. So, thank you for taking the time and energy to share your ideas.

From my perspective nature is always at work, it is we, as humans, who may not like the consequences of our actions. As an example: The second law of thermodynamics is not likely to disappear in this dimension of time and space. As much as some may want to stick their heads in the sand and pretend it does not exist this will not change things. On the surface of this planet, g = 32 ft./s2. Calling this “fake science” does not change things. The fool might think that g is fake; after all there are objects at rest on the planet that stay at rest, in this case the energy of gravity is not apparent. Maybe the fool thinks they can jump out of an airplane without a parachute and not fall to earth? What I learn from this is that fools are fools. It is best to ovoid them and never follow their leadership. My mother-in-law had a saying, ”Just because everyone is jumping off Brooklyn Bridge doesn’t mean you have to.” This seems like good advice.

I agree, breakdown does occur. Ecrit  ~ 106 volts/meter. We just may not like the consequences of breakdown. I do not want to get shocked by a fully charged capacitor or stuck by lightning! If the city of Sacramento were abandoned today nature would establish a new equilibrium, just as the discharge of a capacitor creates a new equilibrium. I just might not like the process if I get shocked. If abandoned, in a few millions years all traces of Sacramento would be gone. I agree completely that humans in many cases have greatly altered our natural environment. If left to itself, nature will create another balance of equilibrium. In many cases the short-term results of this process are not in our best interest. Nature (God?) is telling us that we need to be participants in the process with mindful and wise stewardship.

We have an excellent example of human stewardship with nature to create a beautiful and balanced ecosystem right here on this forum! I have followed the progression of Ian and Maggie Young’s garden. The garden is undeniably beautiful. Ian’s study and application of art and nature has also help create a masterpiece of balance equilibrium within the habitat of their garden. This does not mean that all is perfect in paradise! Mice, voles, extremes in weather, etc. require adjustments and active participation. If the whole planet were loved as their garden is loved, our planet would be a much more beautiful and enjoyable place to live.

These same principles can be applied in our own gardens, cities, Wilson Meadow, etc. The process in each case will be different, however the results will be the same. Following the economic model of P (profit) ≥ ∑∞P = {n(n+1)/2}2 $  n=∞P works for American style capitalism, but is destroying human life on this planet. All the profits of Apple computer, Google, Facebook combined will not and cannot save us from the consequences of anthropogenic climate change. The physics of what has been set in motion cannot be stopped by the above formula. Given the current trajectory, the situation is not likely to change, however we can each make the choice to create something better for ourselves. Perhaps our input will change the parabola.
y = v0v(x/v0H) - 1/2g(x/voH)2 = v0V/v0Hx - 1/2g(x/voH)2 = vov/voH x - g/2voH2 X2

Now enough of my philosophy, and back to gardening and botanical outings.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 07, 2018, 05:07:54 AM
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Dense smoke continues to blanket Northern California as 15 major fires rage throughout the state. There have been at least a few cool days before the next round of hot weather begins tomorrow. One of my temperature data loggers registered a low temperature of 34 F, (1.1 C) on 5 August. High temperatures in the mountains have been in the 23 to 30 C range depending on the elevation.

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The Mendocino Complex Fire has now burned 110 x 103 HA. It is the second largest wildfire in our state’s history since accurate record keeping was started in 1932. This wildfire is still out of control. By tomorrow it will become the largest wildfire in our state’s history, eclipsing the December 2017 Thomas Fire in Southern California. The Carr Fire is still burning near Redding, California. To date, this fire has destroyed 1,604 homes and structures. The Ferguson Fire continues to burn near Yosemite National Park. The park has been closed indefinitely and park employees have been evacuated. In desperation, U.S. military troops have been called in to help with the fire fighting efforts. Despite international help (firefighters from New Zealand and Australia) no relief appears in sight.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on August 07, 2018, 10:16:54 AM
Wholesale destruction in the most frightening way - a horror that is almost beyond comprehension.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 07, 2018, 02:40:34 PM
Climate change is impacting our state in many ways. The following statistics are just a few of the numbers that quantify the impacts.

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This graft shows the increase in the average annual temperature at our Placerville, California farm from 1988 to 2017. Boxcar averaging was used to make the numbers more understandable.

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This chart shows the increase in temperature that I recorded from 1968 to 1978 at our Fair Oaks, California home (near our Placerville farm). This is raw data, however the trend line is clear.

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This chart shows the number days each season with temperatures ≥ 90 F (32.2 C) from 1988 to 2017 at our Placerville, California farm. This is raw data, however I think that the upward trend line(s) is clear. There are a number of ways to interpret this data, however each method indicates an upward trend in the number of days ≥ 90 F (32.2 C).

A few other statistics:

Since 1932, 4 of the 5 largest wildfires in our State’s history have occurred since 2013. The largest fire, the Mendocino Complex fire is still burning. The second largest fire, the Thomas Fire, occurred last year.

The most destructive fire in terms of loss of life and/or structures destroyed was last year’s Tubbs fire with 5,636 homes and structures lost. The sixth most destructive fire is the Carr Fire near Redding, California. This fire is still burning. Many homes are still threatened by this fire. It is not even close to containment.

The destruction to our natural ecosystems is sad and alarming. The last set of statistics indicates the actual everyday impact on everyday people. Many have lost their homes, loved ones, beloved pets, and so much more that is meaningful in their lives.

The wildfire destruction is increasing at a rate very similar to the trend line on the first chart. The impacts of global climate change have arrived in California and the changes are impacting everyday people in very adverse ways.

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 09, 2018, 05:24:10 AM
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It was another smoky day in Northern California as many major wildfires continue to burn in our area. Temperatures are ranging in the 32-35 C range at the lower elevations and near 27 C at the higher elevations. Smoke is scattering the direct beam radiation of the sun; thus the temperatures are a bit lower than what they would be with clear skies. I am looking for a change in our weather pattern. Maybe some rain or cooler temperatures would help the firefighters. Wind might blow the smoky away, however it could exasperate firefighting efforts.

I checked the current MJO index and forecast. The current signal seems fairly disorganized. It appears that the MJO will not play a substantial role in a conductive pattern in the eastern Pacific. Tropical storm Kisty at 13N – 127W will continue its western trajectory. Hurricane John at 18N – 111 W, south of the Baja California coast will continue to track to the northwest away from western North American. What this means for us in Northern California is a more or less uneventful, weak, or nonexistent monsoonal flow into Northern California. Rain is extremely unlikely, even convective cloudiness over the Sierra Nevada is likely to be minimal.

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Lyons Creek could use some rain. Its flow is diminishing each day.

A trough of low pressure sits off the coast of Washington State - British Columbia. It will weaken and be shunted northeastward as high pressure dominates our weather. The trough may bring some southwest ocean breezes through the Sacramento – San Joaquin River delta for a few days. This will cool our temperatures a bit, however as stated earlier, the winds may hamper firefighting efforts.

[attachimg=3]

As you may have guessed, I have been gathering and playing with numerical data for a long time (1968). I have always enjoyed analyzing and picturing the data in numerous formats to help me picture and see things from different perspectives. The above graph is a crude mathematical model of a specific ecosystem in Eldorado National Forest based on data I have gathered on outings over the years. There is much work and refinement needs to be made; however the basic concept is working. Playing around with such things is a lot of fun for me. I am finding that each ecotype has a distinct signature. The signature of each site also varies over time depending on the inputs, i.e. a wildfire, logging, natural succession, climate change, etc. I guess this is my version of “art” and creativity. I also enjoy playing around with radios (mostly how they work, designing antennas, electromagnetic theory, etc. – I am not much of a chit-chat guy), so it works for me to picture each eco-type as a distinct carrier wave at a distinct frequency. The other variables of each eco-type can be likened to various amounts of bandwidth and distinct patterns of modulation (do I want it AM, FM or PM   ;D  ). Interpreting the data as a fractal would be interesting too. I guess if I turned it into a fractal image, some would consider it art (by the way, if I do turn it into a fractal format I will post the photograph). FUN.

As we know from this forum (think Ian Young and the Bulb log), art and the many perspectives that art can bring to a creative mind can be used as guiding principles for garden design. Mathematics, Euclidian Geometry, etc. seem like they would be a recipe for a boring garden of straight lines, circles, and triangles. Maybe I see fractals? Anyway, I will be back in Sacramento soon and back in the garden. I have the next outing planned too.  :)

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on August 10, 2018, 09:54:01 AM
Robert,

Your reports are interesting albeit a bit frightening. Although we do not get it as hot as you do, we have had our share this summer. In S Norway an all time high for days exceeding 25C has been set and the summer is not over yet. Many places the trees suffer and a lot of them have turned yellow or brown. Fortunately we have gotten rain the last days so the immediate threat is over but we have to get more precipitation the rest of the year than we ever have had to fill the reservoirs back to normal.

It is very little snow in the mountains and even the old accumulated snow has melted a lot.

[attachimg=1]
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 10, 2018, 06:17:12 PM
Hi Trond,

I am very, very pleased to hear from you.

I miss your scenes of Norway. Thank you for sharing the photograph.   8)

It appears that you have been dealing with extremes of weather for a considerable length of time this spring/summer. Here in Northern California, the wildfires are still burning, but the smoke is slowly clearing. Firefighters are slowly gaining control of the fires. Today will be hot with temperatures near 38 C, however cooler weather is forecast to arrive as a low pressure tough moves to the north of California. I am hoping that the winds do not exasperate the firefighting situation.

Later today I will be checking some of my data loggers and taking some manual measurements in the Sierra Nevada before returning to Sacramento after a long (too long!) stay away from home. If I see anything interesting I will post the results here later today. Other than that, I will PM you with all the detailed news from California
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 11, 2018, 02:27:55 AM
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It was a warm and beautiful day in the Sierra Nevada today, 10 August. Temperatures are running a bit warmer than 24 hours ago. The forecasted and anticipated cooling trend has not arrived yet. At least much of the smoke has been dispersed by the wind. On Peavine Ridge I recorded southwest winds, 9 mph, gusting to 12 mph. The high temperature on the ridge was 94 F (34.4 C), not particularly cool.

[attachimg=2]

There is still some smoke, but nothing like the dense smoke we have endured for two weeks of so.

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Now that most of the smoke has cleared there are some good views of the Crystal Range. In this photograph Pyramid Peak can be seen through the creek channel of Lyons Creek. It was 82 F (27.8 C) today at Lyons Creek.

[attachimg=4]

Off to the southeast a bit of smoke and monsoonal moisture can be seen in the distance. At this time the monsoonal moisture is being shunted off to the east. The monsoonal flow is not particularly strong and the current pattern seems too disorganized for any instability and convection in our area over the next few days.

As for our cooling trend, it has not arrived. It may arrive, however much of the influence may be felt in the delta area and the southern Sacramento Valley. At this time I am not seeing a strong signal for a large drop in the high temperatures in the lower portions of the Sierra Nevada and the adjoining foothill areas. At this time the 500 mb heights have not fallen enough to convince me of a big change. Maybe tomorrow things will look different.

Later this evening I will be arriving in Sacramento after being away for over 2 weeks.  :)   8)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on August 11, 2018, 06:02:10 AM
Home sweet Home :)

We are back to normal and the danger of wildfires has ceased considerably. And the weather is much cooler, quite normal in fact! But we had the first fall gale yesterday and that is a bit early. No serious damage done though.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 12, 2018, 12:43:27 AM
Trond,

Yes, I am back in Sacramento now.  :)

This morning I spent some time evaluating the garden here in Sacramento. Very dry! I have sections of the garden where I grow riparian habitat California native species. There were not very happy, but I got the hose out and gave them a good drink of water. The xeric species in other parts of the garden are looking good, however not what a lush garden would look like in Norway (I guess not this summer  :-\  ). A number of California native Penstemon still have a few flowers, as well as Eriogonum species. Epilobium canum types are blooming well.

The change in the weather is arriving. Although it was still fairly hot today, 97 F (36.1 C), there is a good southwest breeze, the 4 p.m. relative humidity is up, and heights are falling. As I write, a bit of cloudiness is moving into the area. It appears to be subtropical monsoonal moisture, however I will check the 500 mb maps to see if this seems reasonable.

Thank you so much for sharing some of the details and observation in Norway.  8)   8)   8)  Needless to say I am very fascinated by the weather everywhere. I am quite interested in common features such as the gales that you mentioned.

I will get back to you with more details as I can. If all goes well, I can share some photographs from the garden here in Sacramento on the forum.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on August 12, 2018, 03:42:43 PM
Robert, since you mention Penstemons ( my focal Genus in understanding your wildflowers) which are those xeric or quasi xeric that are now doing well in your garden? I think moving towards dry gardening will become a world trend both in terms of saving water ( and watering bills) but also as a way of coexisting with climate change. Yesterday I potted four P.newberryi var newberryi from your seed sown Oct/2017. They are wider than tall , looking very healthy and vigorous, about 25 cm in diameter. They spent the winter inside my cool greenhouse but as soon as the weather warms up a bit, they'll be placed outside. I hope that they flower this coming season! Obviously they can withstand your natural summer drought. However in nature do they grow in more mesic spots or on dry spots? Thus I'll know where they ought to be placed in my different water gradient kinds of gardens. Thank you
Arturo
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 13, 2018, 01:11:45 AM
Arturo,

First, I am extremely pleased to hear that your seedlings are doing well.  :)   8)

Off the-top-of-my-head I am trying to think of any Penstemon species in our immediate area that are mesic.  ???  Right now I can not think of any, so I would consider all of them xeric species. Penstemon newberryi is definitely a xeric species. Having said that, there are still many considerations in cultivating this species well. First they enjoy full to most full sun. This is very important in the wintertime if they are not covered with snow. This may seem a bit oxymoronic, but this has been my consistent observation when cultivating this species outside its natural habitat. Excellent soil drainage is imperative. I grow mine in a soil mix that is 75% 5 to 9 mm red lava rock (scoria). The crown of the plant also needs to stay dry. In Sacramento, I need to irrigate this species during the summer. Although temperatures can easily reach > =90 F (32.2 C) during the summer in its native habitat, the growing season and season of significant evapotransparation is much shorter in the Sierra Nevada. In the past I have been able to give you an idea of the long, hot growing season here in Sacramento. In your location, cultivation will likely be much easier, providing that sun, drainage, and other considerations are met.

On my next outing I will be in Penstemon newberryi territory. I will do my best to take photographs of their habitat.

Anyway, it seem like you are off to an excellent start!  :)

I was a little cooler today in Sacramento with a weak onshore flow of marine air from the Pacific Ocean. I just looked at the 500 mb map and it appears we could get a weak flow of monsoonal moisture over the Sierra Nevada over the next few days. After that it appears that hot weather will return. If the current 500 mb GFS forecast holds we could be in for some 38 C plus weather. This is par for this time of year in our area. July had above average temperatures, however there were no extremes. So far August appears to be a repeat of July, however I am lucky to be able to forecast out more than 2-3 days, although I am getting better. My version of fun.  ;D
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 13, 2018, 02:57:47 PM
Arturo,

After thinking about things for a bit, I realized that Penstemon rydbergii var. oerocharis is more or less a mesic species. In the spring, I see them in moist, sometimes semi flooded meadows. This species is also tolerant of dry conditions. During the drought years I would see them in meadows that were bone dry. They did not look too happy, but they were surviving. In our Sacramento garden I have a patch in a spot that gets dry. They, too, are not very happy and they do not bloom well. I will have to move them this winter - early spring to a better spot.

Penstemon hetrodoxus var. hetrodoxus is the only Penstemon species blooming in our garden at this time. I also grow var. cephalophorus. They are not blooming, however they are growing very well.

For the most part, I only grow Penstemon species from my own accessions. My goal is the grow the best of the best, and breed even better varieties from these. This keeps me extremely busy, is fun and interesting. I have to admit that there are some Penstomon species from Northwestern California that I grew at one time. I would not mind trying them again, however it does not look like I will be traveling to that area anytime soon. To make the trip work I would have to spend at least 4-5 days minimum away from home. Oh well, there are many things I would like to do, but cannot for whatever reason.  :-\
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on August 13, 2018, 03:29:30 PM
Robert, thank you so much!Ref: Penstemons the two species you mention I would love to try out as well as follow up of your accessions. I lost last years P.roezli early in their germination. I'm now trying out a batch from Alplains. Eventually when my stands acquire your level, I can share seeds. I find this genus particularly suited to sort out all types of gradients and ecological niches. I find great joy in imagining each finding the correct spot, specially because the property allows from very dry desert types all the way into moisture loving species. Some may need supplemental watering in summer though. But occasional watering can be provided easily. All which has yet to be discovered.
Amongst geophytes the equivalent process has started with your Erythroniums ( 11 forms) and Calochortus (4 forms). I'm hoping to add some Iris, as well as Lilium. Of the other perennials, I'm about to stratify Eriogonums ( 8 forms) and Lewisias (10 forms). I'm also experimenting with Dodecatheon and the other Primulaceae. Of course I also add odds here and there, while I try to figure out the whole picture of future garden introductions adapted to our quite similar xeric/drought summer conditions. As my sowings  progress and reach fruition I'll gradually add other groups.
I do expect to post here sometime in the future, how your wildflowers fare in this part of the world.
Thank you very much.
Arturo
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: cohan on August 13, 2018, 08:11:04 PM
California certainly seems to be feeling some climate extremes, though I imagine that climate always had a lot of extremes... Gets worse when people are in more and more places in greater numbers, so they are affected  by weather events, and fragmented habitats have a harder time recovering...
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 14, 2018, 02:45:13 PM
cohan,

There are so many details to the changes that are taking place in California. A long essay or book could be written on the topic.

One glaring example of habitat change in California is the loss of the perennial bunch grass habitat in the lower and upper Sonoran life zones. This habitat type has almost been completely eliminated from the California landscape. As Arturo has rightly pointed out, such habitats have been so altered by humans that they could only be restored with extreme effort and wisdom. The changes in this grassland/savannah habitat has complete altered the behavior of fire in parts of California. And not for the good! Sadly with climate change this habitat type is slowly working its way into the transition zone. I am documenting these changes. Due to climate change, the extreme fires California has experienced over the past few years will also altered our landscape too. The habitat types that existed before the fires will not likely return in the same form at the same elevations.

This is a very simplified explanation. Feel free to ask more questions and I will do the best I can with them.

[attachimg=1]

The last flowers of Penstemon heterodoxus var. heterodoxus in our Sacramento garden this year.

I will be posting more photographs from our garden as I can under the topic, looking good in the northern hemisphere.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on August 14, 2018, 03:25:33 PM
Robert, thank you for posting P.heterodoxus picture. I searched a bit about it in the Calflora site. Its obvious that it is a high altitude species. At present I've only had P.glaber alpinus flowering for me. It is also a montane species. My plants are doing fine and have grown even during winter (in pots, inside my unheated greenhouse).The interesting fact is that they started flowering in mid spring and never stopped doing so until hard frosts in late fall (mid May here). I strongly suspect that P. heterodoxus would follow the same path, in spite of  summer drought, with perhaps a sporadic wetting. The Calflora site growing/flowering chart for P.heterodoxus, includes September also,  which makes me believe that in a less exacting heat that species will continue active for at least a full month longer. A very interesting species to bring into rock garden cultivation! this kind of observation is what fascinates me of your wildflowers ( specially the Pents). In different environments outside their original range they may perform surprisingly well and different...and even for the better! 8)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: cohan on August 14, 2018, 06:58:43 PM
cohan,

There are so many details to the changes that are taking place in California. A long essay or book could be written on the topic.

One glaring example of habitat change in California is the loss of the perennial bunch grass habitat in the lower and upper Sonoran life zones. This habitat type has almost been completely eliminated from the California landscape. As Arturo has rightly pointed out, such habitats have been so altered by humans that they could only be restored with extreme effort and wisdom. The changes in this grassland/savannah habitat has complete altered the behavior of fire in parts of California. And not for the good! Sadly with climate change this habitat type is slowly working its way into the transition zone. I am documenting these changes. Due to climate change, the extreme fires California has experienced over the past few years will also altered our landscape too. The habitat types that existed before the fires will not likely return in the same form at the same elevations.

This is a very simplified explanation. Feel free to ask more questions and I will do the best I can with them.

(Attachment Link)

The last flowers of Penstemon heterodoxus var. heterodoxus in our Sacramento garden this year.

I will be posting more photographs from our garden as I can under the topic, looking good in the northern hemisphere.  :)

Not simple anywhere, of course, less so in a region with a lot of localised climates and endemism..
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 15, 2018, 02:06:08 PM
There were a few things that I did not make clear on yesterday’s post. First, it is the annual, invasive, non-native grass species that are starting to encroach into the upper portions of the yellow pine belt (transition zone) in California. The invasion started during the Gold Rush of 1849. With climate change, the invasive grass species are now moving into areas that they previously did not occupy. Some nasty non-native dicots are coming along for the ride too. Commercial logging, destructive wildfires, and off-road vehicles exasperate the situation and create feedback loops that reinforce the invasion of non-native species. In general, the native perennial bunch grass can hold their own, however once they have been destroyed in a location by commercial logging or extremely hot wildfires, they generally do not return and are replaced by the non-native annual grasses. The non-native annual grasses are partly responsible for the hot, explosive wildfires we currently experience. This is especially true in the lower and upper Sonoran life zones where they have more or less completely replaced the native perennial bunch grasses.

Arturo,

The Penstemon heterodoxus var. heterodoxus pictured has done fairly well with a bit of afternoon shade. Our Sacramento garden is a bit extreme and it appears that they benefit from the afternoon shade. Also, it might be advisable to use the advice on the Calflora and CNPS web sites with discretion. The sweeping generalizations may or may not be helpful in your attempts to cultivate any given species. Too often, a species needs very specific conditions to grow well in cultivation. You will not find these specific details on the Califlora or CNPS sites. It is in the details that we find the means to grow a wide range of species well. This and many other things underscore the value of this forum!  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on August 15, 2018, 03:54:51 PM
Robert, I couldn't agree with you any further:
<It is in the details that we find the means to grow a wide range of species well. This and many other things underscore the value of this forum!  :)>
     This is exactly what a place like this ought to allow us worldwide: the exchange of details of how plants grow, were grown, were multiplied, also are faring in the wild. All of this is a continuum, of knowledge that ought to be shared to anyone interested. That is why I chose the genus Penstemon to test all of this in the details. Your expertise both in the natural world and in your various gardens, plus your nursery experience all adds up. I fully rely on that.
     If one, like myself, starts cultivating Erythroniums, where does he/she sensibly start from? From Ian Young's e-book about Erythroniums!! published right here!!!!! Although I hope that his e.book becomes a trendsetter, I've yet to see others doing the same with other genera  :-X
     I will take your indication about P.heterodoxus needing afternoon shade. Possibly these are details that explain better how this genus has such a wide diversity and spread in many otherwise very harsh conditions. Thank you for taking the trouble in explaining it to us.
     I found extremely useful your explanations about how invasive annual grasses are changing the patterns of the natural long term ecological regulatory mechanisms: wildfires. What you are describing is a push towards a much less evolved ecosystem, simplified by the needs (practical and financial) of commercial logging. It is clear that it is not sustainable and the resource forest is being devastated and destroyed. These recent wildfires are a proof of it. The whole concept of sustainable forestry up there is no longer tenable. Unfortunately, few people are aware of the magnitude of the disasters and its consequences. Slowly, however evidence will be unavoidable and possibly the only option will be no more commercial large scale logging. No more heavy machinery, no more off road vehicles etc. In my wishful thinking. I imagine in the future, California find itself faced with a negative gold rush.... ;D. :Those that flee from there, because it is no longer the promised land!
     Arturo
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 16, 2018, 12:57:26 AM
Arturo,

Based on what you have told me about your growing conditions Penstemon hetrodoxus var. heterodoxus may perform better in full sun in your garden. You can look over the data below and come to your own conclusions. In time I will have data on soil temperatures, moisture content, pH, rainfall pH, etc. I have enough data now to construct mathematical models on various ecosystems based on many inputs. It is a never-ending project, as the models can always be improved. Kind of a hobby of mine. Anyway, the results can be extremely interesting and at times relevant to gardening.

Site LC 4 below best matches the climatic conditions where Penstemon heterodoxus var. heterodoxus grows. As I can, I purchase more data loggers so I can record other variables such as those listed above. When I have more data, I will be able to be able to provide more detailed information.

Tomorrow is outing day.  :)

Data for July 2018

Sacramento
elevation 23 feet
Average temperatures
High: 94.58 F, 34.77 C
Low: 63.26 F, 17.37 C
Wind
Prevailing: SW
4 mph, 6.4 km/hr
Gust: 6 mph, 9.7 km/hr
Average 4:00 p.m.
Relative Humidity: 33%
Dew Point: 61 F (16.1 C)
Number of days
> = 100 F (37.8 C): 3
> = 90 F (32.2 C): 26
Precipitation: 0.00 in.


Placerville
elevation 1,460 feet
Average temperatures
High: 95.29 F, 35.16 C
Low: 62.61 F, 17.01 C
Wind
Prevailing: SW
2 mph, 3.2 km/hr
Gust: 5 mph, 8.0 km/hr
Average 4:00 p.m.
Relative Humidity: 27%
Dew Point: 55 F (12.8 C)
Number of days
> = 100 F (37.8 C): 3
> = 90 F (32.2 C): 28
Precipitation: 0.00 in.


Site LC 4
elevation 6,700 feet
Average temperatures
High: 78.59 F, 25.89 C
Low: 44.55 F, 6.97 C
Wind
Prevailing: W
4 mph, 6.4 km/hr
Gust: 6 mph, 9.7 km/hr
Average 4:00 p.m.
Relative Humidity: 36%
Dew Point: 46 F (7.8 C)
Number of days
> = 100 F (37.8 C): 0
> = 90 F (32.2 C): 0
> = 80 F (26.7 C): 12
Precipitation: 0.00 in.

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on August 16, 2018, 11:11:02 AM
Robert, thank you so much! The LC site is very close to my outdoor growing conditions! This kind of detailed data is invaluable! However your Sacramento conditions also show the plasticity of the species since you have been able to grow it there as well!.
     The more I think about learning about new wildflower introductions until one finds the best conditions, is to grow samples in pots (tall ones) and placed in the ground in different positions, until I find which is the best here. Absolutely fascinating method!
      Thank you again!
      Arturo
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 16, 2018, 02:58:28 PM
Arturo,

I am currently on Peavine Ridge (6:48 a.m.).

I checked my first weather site at 3,640 ft this morning. 56 F with a strong down slope wind, east at 5 mph. Most likely it will be a warm day today. The down slope east wind generally brings warm weather to us. This morning I will be setting up a new weather station before moving on to down load data from my HOBOs. Then off to the Tells Peak region.

The sunrise over the Crystal Range was gorgeous. I hope the photographs turned out. I am very pleased the information was useful to you. Cool!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 17, 2018, 03:17:35 PM
[attachimg=1]

The photograph of the sunrise over the Crystal Range did not turn out very well, however I had an excellent outing yesterday.

The other photographs look good and I have much information to share.   :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on August 17, 2018, 03:47:04 PM
Robert, finally a clear smoke less sky! What a relief from even far away. I hope it lasts for the rest of the season. :)
Arturo
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 22, 2018, 03:16:55 PM
[attachimg=1]

What a turn around in the weather!

Yesterday's high temperature in Sacramento was 77 F (25 C). This was a record low, high temperature for us. In addition, the smoke has returned. It was smoky all day yesterday.

On the brighter side...

Despite a busy work schedule I will have another outing tomorrow. I am still looking forward to writing up the report on the last outing. It was extremely enjoyable, interesting, with some great finds.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 23, 2018, 03:02:02 PM
[attachimg=1]

I will have a busy day today in the Sierra Nevada.

At 7:00 a.m. it is 50 F on Peavine RIdge. The sky is clear and a cool breeze is blowing out of the north, 5 mph. It seems like it is going to be a fine day for an outing.   :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 26, 2018, 03:01:52 PM
[attachimg=1]

I had another excellent outing on Thursday.

I started the outing at Dark Lake (photograph) and traveled toward Barrett Lake. The trail is a Jeep Road (a big mess these days), however there is still plenty to see if one walks away from the Jeep trail. I first hiked this route in 1970 and remember a great deal from this hike. I hope to explain all of this in my report.

Now I have two outings to report on. The good news is that I will have a break from work soon and can start writing about my adventures.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on August 31, 2018, 02:57:16 PM
[attachimg=1]

Here in Northern California the weather has shifted dramatically over the last 10 days or so. The temperatures have cooled from daytime high temperatures in the mid to low 90 F (32.2 C +) range to 78 F to 85 F (25.6 C to 29.4 C). In the Sacramento area the marine layer has extended into the lower Sacramento Valley during the morning, bring broken stratus. In the Sierra Nevada where the cooling marine layer is blocked, high temperatures have been equal to or slightly above some Sacramento Valley locations! On the other hand, there has been frost in the mountain valleys at the highest locations.

[attachimg=2]

It was nice to see clouds over the Crystal Range rather than smoke from wildfires. In general, the toughs passing to the north have brought cooling temperatures, but little moisture in the upper atmosphere. Some rain would be nice, but does not look to be in the forecast at this time. The short-term forecast is for slightly warming temperatures over the next few days and continued dry weather.

My schedule has shifted and I am now able to work on the reports from the last two outings. With good fortune I will have Part I posted in the next few days.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 01, 2018, 02:08:05 AM
[attachimg=1]

I was back in the mountains again today, my senses alive feeling the pulse of the surroundings, the sweet air moving into every recess of my lungs, and my blood pumping vigorously through my veins.

[attachimg=2]

The late blooming Lessingia leptoclada can be found in large patches, the purple flowers emerging in defiance of the parched dry earth.

[attachimg=3]

I will have to visit the distant peaks on another day.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 01, 2018, 02:10:27 AM
[attachimg=1]

Lyons Creek is basically dry. To date, even during drought years there are always a few large pools of water where the trout can hide and survive until the water levels begin to rise again. At this point there is no rain in the forecast. Generally rain does not arrive in our area until mid October, however there are always surprises. The monsoonal season has not been very impressive on the western slope of the Crystal Range this season. Conditions are very dry.

[attachimg=2]

There was a bit of convective cloudiness off to the north. In the lower sections of the Lyons Creek basin it was quite cool this morning, 29 F (-1.7 C). Even the daytime high temperature was autumn like, 67 F, (19.4 C). At 2:30 p.m. I measured the relative humidity, 33%, and the dew point, 37 F (2.8 C). A strong southwest wind blew during much of the day; 4 gusting to 6 in the Lyons Creek Basin and 10 gusting to 15 mph on the crest of Peavine Ridge.

[attachimg=3]

Late in the day a bit of convective cloudiness formed along the southern edge on the South Fork canyon.

Conditions were perfect for QSO through the Placerville repeater. I easily hit the Placerville repeater at Lyons Creek. I do monitor the Placerville repeater on my outings. QSO concerning botany and current weather conditions is enjoyable.

I have a good start on my next posting, the 16 August outing to Van Vleck and the Tells Peak region. I should have something to post in a day or two.  :)   8)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: cohan on September 02, 2018, 06:12:41 PM
Nice to see some blue sky, even if if doesn't last.. the smoke has been coming and going here too-- clear yesterday with a chilly north wind.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 03, 2018, 04:14:32 PM
Nice to see some blue sky, even if if doesn't last.. the smoke has been coming and going here too-- clear yesterday with a chilly north wind.

Although there are a number of wildfires still burning in the area, the skies have cleared a great deal. It certainly beats the dense smoke from past weeks.

I have had some QSO with other ham radio operators in the Sierra Nevada. This morning there are reports of some subtropical moisture moving into the area from the southeast. I will have to check on this with a latest satellite and surface observations. Some rain, without dry lightning, in the Sierra Nevada would be nice.

I am nearly finished with part I of my Van Vleck report. Too many dead-lines right now.  :-\  All will work out well in the long run and I will get everything done.  :)

At this time, we also have some nice autumn blooming species blooming in our garden. I will be out of town, and back and forth, so most likely nothing will be posted. This is okay too.  :)  The autumn garden is looking good, and things do cahnge  :)

A chilly north wind?  How chilly? I am very curious. This time of year, there is frosty weather in the high country of the Sierra Nevada. It seems like your region will not be far behind. I am not seeing any autumn color yet, but it should be arriving soon.

Yesterday 2 September Weather:

Sacramento
Clear
High 94 F
Low 61 F
RH 4:00 p.m. 33%
DP 60 F
Wind SE 3G7
Bar 29.70 falling

Placerville via telemetry
Clear
High 91 F
Low 57 F
RH 4:00 p.m. 26%
DP 51 F
Wind S 3G5
Bar 29.82 steady
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: cohan on September 04, 2018, 07:25:45 AM

A chilly north wind?  How chilly? I am very curious. This time of year, there is frosty weather in the high country of the Sierra Nevada. It seems like your region will not be far behind. I am not seeing any autumn color yet, but it should be arriving soon.

The high temperatures you show, we barely get a couple of times in mid-summer, if that...

Our high on Sept 01 was somewhere around 16.5C/61F, the next day got a couple of C degrees higher, today only to around 13/14C- 57F and the last couple of nights were just above freezing, with frost warnings, no sign of frost in the yard yet, though I have very little outside that is tender... It could go either way this  time of year (we could have frost, could have-not lasting- snow, but we could also have days in the mid 70's or higher), but we have been below average temps for the last 10 days or so, and looks likely to mostly stay that way for the next week or two... by then the average will be lower yet!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 04, 2018, 03:17:00 PM
Very interesting.  8)

It appears your climate is very well suited for true alpine species.

Since frost may arrive any day, your garden must be getting "sleepy".
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 04, 2018, 03:58:44 PM
Weather for selected sites:

Sacramento
3 September
Clear
High 90 F (32.2 C)
Low 59 F (15 C)
RH 4:00 p.m. 39%
DP 4:00 p.m. 62 F (16.7 C)
Wind SW 4G8

Naomi, one of our Cockatiels was sick yesterday but seems fine now. Shopping for out-of-town work today. Tomorrow evening I will post part I of Van Vleck. I also managed some photographs from our garden that I can post too.  :)

It looks like there could be some convection over the Sierra Nevada today and maybe tomorrow. I will QSO one of my ham radio friends and find out what sort of action there is in the Sierra Nevada today. Tomorrow I will be in the Sierra.  ;D   8)  I will be making some repairs to one of my weather stations. I hope to have it back to 100% soon.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: cohan on September 04, 2018, 09:52:35 PM
Very interesting.  8)

It appears your climate is very well suited for true alpine species.

Since frost may arrive any day, your garden must be getting "sleepy".

As I said, I don't grow much outside that cares about early frosts-- this year the only thing is potatoes, and although we may have had temps just below freezing, they are fine so far.. some of the alpines and natives will continue to flower until we get much colder than the freezing point (-10C or even much lower in spots), or until they are buried in snow, whichever comes first! However, some plants have been colouring/drying up for a few weeks already. Autumn is a gradual process which starts and ground level and works its way up, but things could start seriously colouring any day now, with some chilly nights.. I'm not too focussed on the garden now, apart from getting things done that need to be done for winter-- sinking seed pots etc... time to start cutting firewood...lol
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 05, 2018, 02:53:01 PM
If I understand correctly, you are gardening east of the Rocky Mountain crest.

The climate must be fairly dry?

I have never been to Alberta, however it seems there must be some similarities to the east side of the Cascade Mountains in northern Washington State; dry, mostly arid grassland, however coniferous forest in the higher terrain.

You mentioned cutting firewood for the season. Local conifers or something else?

It seems like an interesting gardening climate.

Our current conditions @ 6:00 a.m.:

Clear
58 F (14.4 C)
RH: 72%
DP: 49 F (9.4 C)
Bar: 29.89 R
Wind: SW Calm

Yesterday's High temperature: 91 F (32.8 C), Low: 58 F (14.4 C).
This is slightly above average for this date.
The forecast is for continued warm weather with above average temperatures. A tough is forecast to dig into the Pacific Northwest late next week. Considering chaos theory, I will believe it when I see it. It is still very difficult to make consistent somewhat accurate forecasts past day 2 or so. Sometimes even day to day forecasts are inaccurate. Long term trends are easier to forecast. At this time it appears that an El Nino event may be developing for late autumn, winter. An El Nino event generally impacts the weather everywhere around the globe.

Most of the monsoonal moisture stayed south and east of our region yesterday. I will be in the Sierra Nevada today. The forecast is for the monsoonal moisture to continue to stay to our south and east.

It looks like I will be posting Part I of Van Vleck this evening.  8)   :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: cohan on September 05, 2018, 06:48:11 PM
If I understand correctly, you are gardening east of the Rocky Mountain crest.

The climate must be fairly dry?

I have never been to Alberta, however it seems there must be some similarities to the east side of the Cascade Mountains in northern Washington State; dry, mostly arid grassland, however coniferous forest in the higher terrain.
You mentioned cutting firewood for the season. Local conifers or something else?
It seems like an interesting gardening climate.

Can be dryish here, for sure, but not as dry as the areas you mention-- the way the air movement works here,  (I am about 90km from the actual foothills, in a strip of boreal forest mixed woods that is just outside the foothills running north/south) we get more precipitation than areas farther east and south, thus we are boreal forest and not aspen parkland or grassland. I'm not sure what all the mechanisms are, but in part I think it relates to mountain passes/gaps that allow more Pacific air to come here. Also, due to relatively low average temperatures, we have less evaporation than hotter zones, and finally, most of our precipitation (besides decent but not high snowfall) comes right in the growing season. So we are generally green all season. Dry enough especially with the right siting, to grow a good number of dryland plants, but wet enough, with the right siting, to grow European alpines, even Himalayan plants, woodlanders etc.
Longer forecasts tend to be a bit doubtful here too ;) After a few warm (not really hot) weeks in August, we've now been in a cool, sometimes damp, trend for the last 10 days or more, and looks mostly set to continue.. a couple of degrees C below freezing last night.. sunny now, though.
Firewood is mostly standing or fallen dead wood from the acreage and my uncle's farm beyond-- I use mostly poplar, some birch, some spruce-- though we mostly use that for seriously cold weather (below -20C, and not always then) as it can be too hot..

Hope you get some good seasonal rain!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 06, 2018, 06:13:15 AM
VAN VLECK
&
TELLS PEAK REGION
El Dorado County, California
Part I

Thursday, 16 August 2018

Weather for selected locations

Eldorado National Forest, 5,400 ft.
Weather: Clear
Temperature, High: 85 F, 29.4 C
                       Low: 46 F, 7.8 C
Relative Humidity: 28%
Dew Point: 46 F, 7.8 C
Wind: W Calm
Precipitation: 0.00 inches (0.0 mm), To date (starting 1 July): 0.00 (0.0 mm)

Van Vleck Region
Weather: Clear
Temperature, High: 76 F, 24.4 C
                       Low: 43 F, 6.1 C
Relative Humidity: 31%
Dew Point: 41 F, 5.0 C
Wind: W 4G8
Precipitation: 0.00 inches (0.0 mm), To date (starting 1 July): 00.00 inches (0.0 mm)


[attachimg=1]

It had been a month since I had last been free for an all day outing. Wanting to make the best of this opportunity, I set off from Sacramento at 4:00 a.m. to the Sierra Nevada Mountains. After a few stops to record meteorological data, I arrived on the top of Peavine Ridge as the sun started to rise over the crest of the Crystal Range. The skies were mostly clear and much of the smoke had cleared from the recent wildfires. The temperature was quite mild, 53 F (11.7 C).

[attachimg=2]

It was a beautiful morning in the Sierra Nevada. By 9:00 a.m. I had finished checking the last set of meteorological instruments a few miles from the Van Vleck trailhead, the starting point of this outing.

[attachimg=3]

This rock outcropping is near one of my meteorological observation sites. The outcropping is typical habitat for Penstemon newberryi var. newberryi. It is exposed to full sun, and the drainage of the gritty soil is excellent. The base rock is granodiorite a frequently encountered rock strata in this part of the Sierra Nevada. A band of metamorphic rock also runs through this area. It is part of the Shoo Fly Complex. Penstemon newberryi grows well on these rock strata too.

It is too easy to linger at this site, so I pulled myself away and set off for the Van Vleck trailhead.

[attachimg=4]

It did not take long to arrive at the Van Vleck trailhead.

An extensive portion of this area was heavily logged during the 1980’s. Much of the old growth timber was removed setting the stage for an over growth of Lodge Pole Pine, Pinus contorta ssp. murrayana in many areas. This hillside (pictured) has a fairly healthy stand of Red Fir, Abies magnifica var. magnifica. Much of the older Jeffrey Pine, Pinus jeffreyi, was cut during the logging operations. Previous to logging, the forest had it own set of problems due to years of fire suppression. Piecing together the recent evolutionary history of this area and how the past has impacted the flora and natural history of the region today is an interesting study.

[attachimg=5]

The spring/early summer wildflowers had finished, however the late blooming species were still in their prime. Anaphalis margaritacea is a very common late blooming species in this area and thrives in open, dry sites.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 06, 2018, 06:16:19 AM
[attachimg=1]

Symphyotrichum spathulatum is another late blooming species that was still in its prime. The daisies are very cheery and abundant as one hikes along the trail.

[attachimg=2]

Mimulus primuloides var. primuloides starts blooming much earlier in the season. Where there is adequate moisture this species will continue to bloom well into the autumn season.

[attachimg=3]

Monardella odoratissima ssp. pallida is a xeric species that can have a prolonged blooming season. The minty scent of the foliage is delightful. It is also an excellent nectar source for many insect species.

[attachimg=4]

Many adult Lepidoptera species are attracted to Monardella sp. when they are in bloom. This Fritillary, Speyeria sp., may have been an Atlantis Fritillary. Both the Coronis and Zerene Fritillary are very similar. Distinguishing between the species can be extremely difficult.

[attachimg=5]

As I worked my way up the trail, I spotted an occasional stem Pterospora andromdea, Pinedrops, in the coniferous forest duff. This member of the Ericaceae Family lacks chlorophyll and is parasitic on living root fungi.

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 06, 2018, 06:19:10 AM
[attachimg=1]

Solidago elongata is another frequently encountered late blooming species in this region. The plants in this area generally have the distinguishing serrated leaf margin associated with this species. It is a fine species that provides color for many weeks late in the growing season.

[attachimg=2]

The shrubby Chrysolepis sempervirens is one of many shrubby plants found in this area. In addition, it is one of the few evergreen shrubs found at the higher elevations. This Chinquapin is quite showy in the autumn when the spiny, golden seed pods contrast against the green foliage.

[attachimg=3]

The fruit of Ribes roezlii var. roezlii were starting to color up. Later in the season they will become bright red. The fruit is quite good to eat if you can negotiate the gauntlet of outward facing spins on the outside of the fruit skin.

[attachimg=4]

The fruit of Thimbleberry, Rubus parviflorus, were also starting to color up. These too can be delicious to eat. They do not have any spins either! The fruit can also be a favorite of birds and other wildlife.

[attachimg=5]

Elderberry, Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea, is occasionally seen at the high elevations of the Sierra Nevada. It is a large shrub often reaching a height of 3 meters or more.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 06, 2018, 06:21:53 AM
[attachimg=1]

There are many beautiful meadows in the Van Vleck area. Prior to the 1980’s the Van Vleck family own the property in this area and used the meadows for a summer cattle range. The area has a long history of livestock grazing dating back to at least the 1880’s and most likely a bit before this time. The meadows are still rich in wildflowers and other species of plants. The conditions in these meadow habitats prior to livestock grazing are unknown to me, but it is something I often ponder.

[attachimg=2]

Even late in the season a fair number of wildflowers can be found blooming in the meadows. Oreostemma alpigenum var. andersonii is a typical late blooming species seen in moist areas.

[attachimg=3]

The white flowers of the Apiacecae species Perideridia parishii var. latifolia sparkled throughout the ocean of grasses and sedges in the slightly drier portions of the meadow.

[attachimg=4]

Gentianopsis simplex was one of a number of treasures found in this meadow.

[attachimg=5]

Of coarse the blooming flowers attract a variety of pollen and nectar gathering insects. A bee can be seen above the flower on the left.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 06, 2018, 06:24:45 AM
[attachimg=1]

Today, 5 September, I spent a small portion of the day in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. A bit of monsoonal moisture had worked itself into the Sierra Nevada.

[attachimg=2]

The moisture worked its way as far north as Plumas County.

[attachimg=3]

Most of the shower activity remained to the southeast on the east side of the Sierra Nevada crest.

[attachimg=4]

In the Lyons Creek Basin there were scattered Cu buildups. All through the region a strong Southwesterly wind blew. It was a warm day today, 92 F (33.2 C) at the Placerville farm, 1460 feet (445 meters). Today in the Lyons Creek Basin it was 75 F (23.9) for a high and 40 F (4.4 C) for the low.

The forecast for the next week seems a bit tricky. Working against Chaos Theory is a gigantic challenge. On the macro end of the equation, the MJO seems like it is going to become active again in Phase 8. This could indicate a neutral precipitation phase for us in Northern California and a likelihood of cooler temperatures. We shall see. With Chaos Theory, it is the small nuisances that can create much larger impacts. It is fun to see if any of these can be identified.

A quick weather roundup – August in the Lyons Basin:

Average temperatures for the month
High: 75.84 F (24.36 C)
Low: 38. 97 F (3.87 C)
Average wind speed: 4 Gusting to 9 mph
Average 4:00 p.m.
Relative Humidity: 30%
Dew Point: 38 F (3.3 C)

[attachimg=5]

This is one of my favorite patches Epilobium canum ssp. latifolium. Seedlings from this colony produce many excellent plants that bloom profusely.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: cohan on September 06, 2018, 07:19:32 AM
Interesting to see quite a few plants that would not look out of place here, even if some are cousins to the local species... Would have area have been dry since July as well. or would the flowering plants be in areas that have had rain?
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on September 06, 2018, 09:39:01 AM
Robert, I'm as usual fascinated with the plants you show:
Ribes roezlii looks very much like a gooseberry (Grossularia uva spina)to me while Rubus parviflorus seems like a paler cultivar of a raspberry. Are you aware if these two have ever been brought into cultivation?
The Symphyotrichum spatulatum is quite similar to the New England asters, but obviously well adapted to summer drought. Did you try out garden accessions from it?.
Actually this same question can be applied to all other species. Most of the biota goes dormant as result of natural summer drought. However, those species that defy it, become extremely interesting! In your eyes, is Anaphalis margaritacea a garden worthy species to try? Of Epilobium canum I've no doubts. Arturo
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 06, 2018, 02:01:41 PM
Arturo,

I grow a number of different California native Ribes species in our garden. I have had some cultural difficulties with Ribes roezlii, however I now have some nice plants growing that may bloom next year. The fruit of the species is attractive and good to eat. It also blooms very early in the growing season with very interesting flowers. This is a great bonus.

Anaphalis margaritacea is found throughout the northern hemisphere. I feel sure that, at least a few, forumist see this species growing wild in their region in Europe. I have yet to try this species in our Sacramento garden. In our area it is found in fairly xeric habitats. It seems worthy of a try in our garden.

I have been growing Symphyotrichum spathulatum for a number of years. Selection of the best forms is important. The flowers tend to fade in hot summer areas, such as Sacramento. I have one plant that I am very pleased with and have posted photographs of it from time-to-time on this forum. This plant is a start. I believe much more improvement is possible.

As stated, I am already working on improved forms of Epilobium canum. Horticultural forms have been around for a long time and I have a number of them growing in our Sacramento garden. With a creative mind, there are certainly many other possibilities. With plant breeding, growing native species certainly has its advantages. I have a huge gene pool that is easily accessed.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 06, 2018, 02:16:43 PM
Interesting to see quite a few plants that would not look out of place here, even if some are cousins to the local species... Would have area have been dry since July as well. or would the flowering plants be in areas that have had rain?


Cohan,

Thank you for the additional climatic information concerning your home garden.

Some of the plants pictured in part I are xeric species. Some of the meadow species are mesic, although the meadows can have many micro-habitats within themselves. I will have more on this in part II.

I gather detailed climatic data, as well as other data, at most of the sites I visit locally. The goal is to be able to provide detailed quantitative data about the species and their habitats. Information about soil pH, geology, snow cover, plant ecological history, invasive species, etc. can be helpful when attempting to grow species beyond their native range. I have other reasons for doing these things, but that is another story. It all fits together very well.  Mathematical modeling may seem very abstract and distant from growing plants in ones garden, however even this can be helpful in providing information that is helpful in our gardening efforts.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: cohan on September 06, 2018, 06:20:24 PM
Robert, I'm as usual fascinated with the plants you show:
Ribes roezlii looks very much like a gooseberry (Grossularia uva spina)to me while Rubus parviflorus seems like a paler cultivar of a raspberry. Are you aware if these two have ever been brought into cultivation?
The Symphyotrichum spatulatum is quite similar to the New England asters, but obviously well adapted to summer drought. Did you try out garden accessions from it?.
Actually this same question can be applied to all other species. Most of the biota goes dormant as result of natural summer drought. However, those species that defy it, become extremely interesting! In your eyes, is Anaphalis margaritacea a garden worthy species to try? Of Epilobium canum I've no doubts. Arturo

There are certainly people who grow Rubus parviflorum, maybe not so much in 'garden centre' forms, but wild plant growers certainly do, I think I have some seedlings.. (Planted a couple of wild Rubus, so I forget which are growing). Anaphalis margaritacea is lovely in the garden *but* you have to give it a lot of space and not put it near anything delicate-- it spreads from the root quite vigorously.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 07, 2018, 04:39:17 AM
cohan,

Thank you for the advice concerning Anaphalis margaritacea.  8)

I grow Rubus parviflorum in our Sacramento garden. Last year it bloomed but no fruit. This year it has been growing very well, but no flowers. Maybe fruit and flowers next year. Is the species native in your area?
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Gerdk on September 07, 2018, 08:05:27 AM
Rubus parviflora is well known here in Germany and is sold by nurseries.

Gerd
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 07, 2018, 02:07:14 PM
Gerd,

Is the species sold as an ornamental, or have selections been made for superior fruiting qualities?
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: cohan on September 07, 2018, 05:44:29 PM
cohan,

Thank you for the advice concerning Anaphalis margaritacea.  8)

I grow Rubus parviflorum in our Sacramento garden. Last year it bloomed but no fruit. This year it has been growing very well, but no flowers. Maybe fruit and flowers next year. Is the species native in your area?

Robert-- no, not in my area, i often see friends in other places mention it, including B.C. -- I looked at the seedling Rubus I have, odoratus (big purple/pink flowers) and canadensis ( a blackberry) so, still no parviflorum...lol.. Locally I have idaeus, of course, pubescens and arcticus.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 08, 2018, 05:51:22 AM
[attachimg=1]

It was a warm and beautiful day in the Sierra Nevada today. The high temperature at the Placerville farm was 93 F (33.9 C). Persistent southerly winds continued in much of the high country. It appears that we are caught between high pressure to the south and a digging trough of low pressure to the northwest. If the forecast holds, a cooling trend will start tomorrow and temperature may dip below average later next week.

[attachimg=2]

I had an opportunity to check conditions in the dry creek bed of Lyons Creek.

[attachimg=3]

Most of the creek bed is dry, however some water is still seeping through the gravel and a few pools of water remain.

[attachimg=4]

Some of the pools have small fingerling Brook Trout, Salvellnus fontinalis. Conditions are deteriorating quickly in the small pools. The water temperature measured 66 F (18.9 C) in the pool pictured. Brook Trout are tolerant of much higher water temperatures than our native trout species. They must also be tolerant of acidic water conditions as the water pH was in the 6.0 (my writing error, should read 5) to 5.5 range.

Brook Trout are a non-native species. They were planted as a game fish starting as early as the 1880’s. Sadly this species is highly competitive and is primarily responsible for the near elimination of the native Mountain Yellow-legged Frog, Rana muscosa, from the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

[attachimg=5]

It was also very warm in the Lyons Creek Basin. The high temperature was 77 F (25 C), and the low was 37 F (2.8 C). The 2:30 p.m. relative humidity was 19%, with a dew point of 31 F (0.5 C). With a relative humidity of 19% it will likely be a cold night in the basin. Frost is likely and it will only get colder if the approaching dry trough arrives as forecast. If we are lucky and the low-pressure trough pulls in some moisture, the high country may get some much needed rain. At this time this does not appear to be likely.

While exploring the creek bed I spotted a stand of American Manna Grass, Glyceria grandis. I encounter this species on the western slope of the Crystal Range, however this is the first time I logged this species in the Lyons Creek basin. Rough Bent Grass, Agrostis scabra, was also seen along the now dry banks of Lyons Creek.

If all goes well, I will be able to make a short visit to Loon Lake tomorrow. I hope to make a QSO with a friend so that we can share meteorological data at later date in September when they plan to hiking and stay over night in the high country.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on September 08, 2018, 08:46:12 AM
Anaphalis margaritacea is a common garden plant here - and a lokal weed! (It has spread a lot from a neighbour's garden.)
Rubus parviflorus is also known here in Norway (by the name nutkabær -(nutkaberry)).

I have one Epilobium canum(?) growing and flowering at my summer house.

[attachimg=1]
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Gerdk on September 08, 2018, 03:30:23 PM
Gerd,
Is the species sold as an ornamental, or have selections been made for superior fruiting qualities?

Robert, until now I was familiar with this species as an ornamental with flavorless fruits only - but an Internet search told me there is a hybrid  of this species called 'Dorman Red' which should have fine tasting fruits.

Gerd
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 09, 2018, 05:21:10 AM
Anaphalis margaritacea is a common garden plant here - and a lokal weed! (It has spread a lot from a neighbour's garden.)
Rubus parviflorus is also known here in Norway (by the name nutkabær -(nutkaberry)).

I have one Epilobium canum(?) growing and flowering at my summer house.


Trond,

Epilobium canum ssp. latifolium is blooming throughout the Sierra Nevada at this time. As you might expect, they stand out in the landscape, as they are generally found on open rocky ledges where they are easily seen. Your Epilobium certainly looks nice.  8)

Robert, until now I was familiar with this species as an ornamental with flavorless fruits only - but an Internet search told me there is a hybrid  of this species called 'Dorman Red' which should have fine tasting fruits.

Gerd

Gerd,

Thank you for the information. In the Sierra Nevada, some of the fruit on Rubus parviflorus has a satisfactory flavor. Generally they need to be 100% ripe to have the best flavor. Most of the time the wildlife does not allow this to happen.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 09, 2018, 11:27:13 AM
[attachimg=1]

I made it to Loon Lake yesterday, 8 September. This is a view from Chipmunk Bluff. Tells Peak can be seen in the background.

[attachimg=2]

The upper portion of the South Fork of the Rubicon River is a very fascinating area to explore. It is very rugged terrain and there are no trails.

[attachimg=3]

When I arrived at Loon Lake the wind was very strong, south to southwest at 20 gusting to 29 mph. We were under a strong zonal flow. The high clouds were traveling at a high velocity.

[attachimg=4]

Brown Mountainan ancient volcanic formation, can be seen on the right portion of the screen. I did take some time to check the pH of the water in Loon Lake, 6.0 a typical and average measurement.

[attachimg=5]

This is a view off to the west, northwest and Rocky Basin. The northern ridges of the basin consist of metamorphic rock. The southern ridges and much of the bottom of the basin are plutonic rocks, granodiorite.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 09, 2018, 11:30:12 AM
[attachimg=1]

I did not have time to explore the surrounding slopes. Arctostaphylos nevadensis, Quercus vacciniifolia, and Ceanothus arcuatus are some of the shrubby species seen on this slope. Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus contorta ssp. murrayana, and Juniperus grandis are the trees.

[attachimg=2]

Ericameria cuneata var. cuneata blooms very late in the season. This is a typical habitat for this species, hot, dry, and growing directly out of a rock crevice.

[attachimg=3]

Next to the Ericameria is a small specimen of Penstemon newberryi var. newberryi.

[attachimg=4]

At one site some of the finest forms of Penstemon newberryi var. nenberryi can be seen. As you can see, the plants are quite dense, compact and bloom with many flowers. Plants found growing on granodiorite generally do not have consistently good characteristics (generally but not always).

[attachimg=5]

Not the best photograph, but a nice specimen of Penstemon roezlii. If you look closely you can see that it is still blooming.

The weather is cooling. It was 79 F (26.1 C) at 2:00 p.m. I can monitor the temperatures remotely in this area with telemetry. This is only a slight cooling from yesterday’s high temperature, 83 F (28.3 C).

The 500 mb map indicates a fairly strong low pressure trough digging southward from the northwest. If the forecast pans out, and it now looks like it could, temperatures will cool considerably over the next 5 days or so. It is hard to believe that this trough will be lacking moisture when it arrives. Considering Chaos Theory many scenarios are possible, but some are not probable (think forecasting the path of a hurricane).
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 09, 2018, 03:17:32 PM
I just checked the current 500 mb chart. Cold arctic air is already digging southward far to the northwest of California. My crude forecast based partly on the vectors and angular motion is for much cooler temperatures and dry conditions. The cold air mass will be modified as it passes over the Pacific Ocean and at this time appears to be starved of moisture.

My forecast for days 3 to 5 (Tuesday – Thursday) west slope of the Crystal Range:

Low temperatures in the 20 to 25 F (-6.7 C to -3.9 C) in the mountain valleys above 6,500 ft. (1,981 meters)

Frosty conditions with low temperatures 30 to 32 F (-1.1 to 0 C) above 6,000 ft. (1,829 meters)

A chance of frost above 5,500 ft. (1,676 meters)

I have not worked out the high temperature range yet, maybe this evening.

If this forecast pans out, fall colors at the higher elevations should start to appear.

I can also grade myself on Friday and see how I did. Fun!  ;D
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Hoy on September 09, 2018, 05:36:01 PM
Interesting to hear whether your weather forecast turned out correctly!
Here we say the best forecast is the weather tomorrow will be like today. Then you are right more than 50%!

We will have rain the next few days.
May, June and July were very warm and dry, August was slightly warmer but very much wetter than normal! September looks the same as August so far.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: cohan on September 10, 2018, 12:26:23 AM
Nice views. love the Ericameria. Cooling temps here too (though we managed a couple more days with temps in the 20's after 10 days cool).. rain in the forecast many days, but not always
 appearing..
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 10, 2018, 05:18:36 AM
Interesting to hear whether your weather forecast turned out correctly!
Here we say the best forecast is the weather tomorrow will be like today. Then you are right more than 50%!

We will have rain the next few days.
May, June and July were very warm and dry, August was slightly warmer but very much wetter than normal! September looks the same as August so far.


Trond,

Thank you for the meteorological information. As you most likely know I am very interested in such things and have been for a very long time.

So far, the first 9 days of September have had above average temperatures. The average high temperature at the farm has been 90.56 F (32.53 C). At our Sacramento home the average high temperature has been 91.13 F (32.85 C). There has been no rain for a number of months now. This is very typical.

Right now I am partly using old forecasting methods that were used back in the 1960's. I also use my own data and the relationships/patterns that I have observed over the years. Developing my forecasting skills is fun for me. I also learn new skills and keep others skills sharp.  :)  Over time I will find more data that works well in my forecasting model. Nobody is paying me to do this, so I can take my time, make many mistakes, and learn a lot along the way. Developing my empirical modeling skills also works perfectly with other long term projects that I have going concerning native plants, ecosystems, etc. I thought that it would be fun to stick my neck out and see how well the forecasting system works. I am sure many improvements can be made over time. Fun.  ;D

Nice views. love the Ericameria. Cooling temps here too (though we managed a couple more days with temps in the 20's after 10 days cool).. rain in the forecast many days, but not always
 appearing..

Yes, I like Ericameria species too. I have a number that I have started from seed, however they are still very small. Ericameria cuneata will root from cuttings. I had some started a year of two ago but lost them. I will be trying this species again ASAP. It is very beautiful and I think it will thrive in our xeric garden.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: ian mcdonald on September 10, 2018, 11:16:52 AM
So far September has been cool and cloudy here.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 10, 2018, 04:10:19 PM
Are these typical weather conditions for your area during early September?
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 11, 2018, 02:04:50 PM
The last portion of the Van Vleck outing is finished. I will have time to post it this evening when I get back.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: ian mcdonald on September 11, 2018, 02:44:37 PM
Robert, we often have warm, sunny septembers with just a light breeze. Called, over here, an Indian summer. This year the weather has been more un-predictable than usual. Rather than the usual wet and warm it has been a year of flood and drought so far. Many wild flowers have reacted by growing quickly then going to seed in a shorter time. This has made plant recording more difficult in our area.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 12, 2018, 05:34:15 AM
VAN VLECK
&
TELLS PEAK REGION
El Dorado County, California

Part II

[attachimg=1]

At this moment in time, Rough Bent Grass, Agrostis scabra, dominated the meadows in the Van Vleck area with their mature inflorescences waving above the other meadow plants. What appears to be an ocean of bent grass, is actually a highly diverse plant community of many species. As I walked through this meadow I encountered many species of Sedge, Carex sp., Rushes, Juncus sp., other Poaceae, as well as numerous diocots, and bulbous species. Throughout the meadow are hummock of willow predominantly Salix lemmonii and Salix orestra. These willow hummocks are interesting plant communities in themselves.

[attachimg=2]

There are smaller hummocks, primarily surrounding the edges of the meadow that are filled with Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. occidentale.

[attachimg=3]

A single yellow flower of Helenium bigelovii can be seen emerging from this Vaccinium. All sorts of herbaceous species find a start near these shrubby plants.

[attachimg=4]

Hiding among the grasses and sedges are many interesting species. A number of Orchidaceae can be found blooming among the grasses and sedges, such as Spiranthes romanzoffiana (pictured).

[attachimg=5]

Portions of the meadow are seasonally xeric. In this dry spot I found an active anthill full of Brown Ants, Formica fusca.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 12, 2018, 05:37:10 AM
[attachimg=1]

This was also the perfect habitat for Penstemon rydbergii var. oreocharis. This Penstemon species is tolerant of both extremely moist conditions (very early in the season), as well as xeric conditions (late in the season).

[attachimg=2]

As you might expect, the meadows can be full of butterflies, especially during the peak of the wildflower season. I was able to capture this nice photograph of this Orange Sulphur, Colias eurytheme, feeding on a daisy.

[attachimg=3]

There were many Frillaries, Speyeria coronis or S. callippe. I never capture butterflies, but prefer to photograph them. Needless to say this can be very time consuming and often requires a great deal of patience. At least the Butterflies have a chance to live and reproduce, or perhaps become a meal for a bird.

[attachimg=4]

Salix orestra is a very attractive species. The gray foliage of this species is densely covered with many hairs. The species is also a food source for the larva of a number of Lepidoptera species.

[attachimg=5]

After spending a considerable amount of time exploring the meadow, I moved on to higher and drier ground. Ceanothus cordulatus is a common species at this elevation. Despite very wicked thorns, this evergreen species is very attractive with blue-green foliage and clusters of white flowers earlier in the season.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 12, 2018, 05:40:05 AM
[attachimg=1]

There is a whole series of meadows along the route to Tells Peak. At times nice vistas open up where many of the high peaks of the Crystal Range can be seen.

[attachimg=2]

As one nears Tells Peak there are a series of meadows dominated by Mules-ear, Wyethia mollis. I have known about these meadows for almost 50 years and have wondered why they were so different from the other meadows in the area. Last year when approaching these meadows I noticed a number of large andesite erratics near the trail, remnants of the Mehrten formation. On this outing “the lights went on” and I realized that the whole meadow complex was part of an ancient andesite lahar. This realization helped me understand why the meadows are so different from the surrounding meadows. Not only the flora, but also other aspects of the andesite meadows make them very unique in this area.

[attachimg=3]

The andesite meadows are never the same season-to-season. Last year when I visited this meadow it was full of Collomia grandiflora. This year I could not find a trace of this annual species.

[attachimg=4]

Another unique feature of these meadows are the stands of Angelia breweri throughout the meadows. In this photograph and the previous photograph you can see the ripe seed heads of Angelica breweri rising above the sea of Wyethia mollis.

[attachimg=5]

Beyond the andesite meadows the flora once again shifts gears. In this area there are lush dense forest of Red Fir, Abies magnifica var. magnifica interspersed with moist meadows.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 12, 2018, 05:42:46 AM
[attachimg=1]

The meadows in this area outwardly look the same as many of the lower meadows, however there are subtle yet distinct differences.  On close examination one notices a very different mix of plants species. In addition, I was soon to discover why this might be occurring.

[attachimg=2]

Parnassia palustris was one of a number of “new” species observed in the upper meadows.

[attachimg=3]

The lovely Gaultheria humifusa can be found throughout is portion of the mountain. I first discovered this species growing in this area last year. It is not a rare species, however this is the only location where I have found this species growing on the west slope of the Crystal Range. One of my main objectives on this outing was to map the distribution of this species in this area, but as it turned out there were still more surprise discoveries to make.

[attachimg=4]

I continued my way up the trail toward a site where I would get a good view of the land and could plan my investigation of Gaultheria humifusa in this area. The next shock faced me in the middle of the trail, a huge block of metamorphic rock! What was this doing here, another erratic? As I continued up the trail, paying very close attention, I become aware that the whole ridge was composed of metamorphic rock, schists, and other metamorphic pieces, part of the Shoo Fly Complex. I am aware of a number of locations where parts of the Shoo Fly Complex extend high into the lower approaches of the Crystal Range, however this is the highest elevation where I have found Shoo Fly Complex rock in the Crystal Range. In addition, I know of only one other site where Shoo Fly metamorphic rock, Mehrten Formation andesite, and plutons of granodiorite can be found in very close proximity to each other at the higher elevations in our area. The other site has many unusual rarely seen plant species. This area appears to be no different.

[attachimg=5]

As I gained altitude I could see rock formations in the distance that would be worth exploring in the future.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 12, 2018, 05:45:35 AM
[attachimg=1]

The distant formation could be volcanic and part of the Mehrten Formation. It could also be metamorphic. Either way, it will be worth my while to check these sites as well as some other sites I spotted through my binoculars.

[attachimg=2]

From the high point, the views of the Crystal Basin to the southwest are very nice. Union Valley Reservoir can be seen in the distance (center).

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To the south the lower approaches to the Crystal Range crest could be seen.

[attachimg=4]

By now it was getting late in the day and it was time to start my return trip to the Outback.

[attachimg=5]

On my way back, I took time to examine an old logging road that was cut into the area during the early 1980’s. After more than 35 years most folks would not notice that this scene is part of an old logging road. It appears that the land has recovered well without any ill effects. For me, problems are glairing! After 35 years, Timothy Phleum pretense a non-native invasive species is well established, thriving and spreading in a riparian habitat.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 12, 2018, 05:48:30 AM
[attachimg=1]

Orchard Grass, Dactylis glomerata, another non-native invasive species is also thriving and spreading in the riparian habitat. With some investigation it seemed apparent that the two species were most likely introduce via fill rock that was used to stabilize the road grade in this wet site. There was not enough time to investigate the full extent of the spread of the non-native grasses at this site. This will have to wait for another outing.

[attachimg=2]

I took one last look at the old road site before I continued on down the trail.

[attachimg=3]

If one looks closely, signs of past logging in this area are everywhere. This old rusted can dates back to the 1980’s or maybe even before this time.

[attachimg=4]

This is one of many, many old stumps left over from the logging operations during the 1970’s. A tremendous amount of old growth was cut from this area. Many of the trees were in excess of 200 years old when they were cut. My brother and I hiked through this area shortly after the logging was completed. It was a complete disaster back then. My brother and I hiked an old rarely used trail from Loon Lake to reach this area. At one point it became impossible to follow the trail. Clear-cut logging and slash obscured the trail. We did find the old airstrip we were looking for, part of the old Van Vleck Ranch, however the devastation did disappoint us.

There are very few people around who remember the character of the forest before the major logging started in this area from the 1970’s onward. There were plenty of problems with forest management, pre 1970’s. The consequences of years of fire suppression come to my mind. Currently there is much discussion on new changes in forest management, considering the recent devastating wildfires and on going climate change. My hope is that some sensible approach can be found that takes into account all the various positions in the debate.

[attachimg=5]

Of coarse I spend as much time as possible out in the woods. There is always one more thing that attracts my attention, such as this nice stand of Agastache urticifolia.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 12, 2018, 05:49:47 AM
[attachimg=1]

That means I generally race down the trail to arrive at the Outback before dark. I do not mind being out in the dark, however my wife worries.

This was a fantastic outing. I made some interesting discoveries and have much follow up work to do. Exploring the upper flanks of Tells Peak is high on my priority list for future outings. There are many interesting species that I want to revisit near the summit of Tells Peak.

Until next time…….

Next time is almost here as I have started writing about my outing on the Barrett Lake Trail.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 12, 2018, 05:54:31 AM
Robert, we often have warm, sunny septembers with just a light breeze. Called, over here, an Indian summer. This year the weather has been more un-predictable than usual. Rather than the usual wet and warm it has been a year of flood and drought so far. Many wild flowers have reacted by growing quickly then going to seed in a shorter time. This has made plant recording more difficult in our area.

Ian,

Thank you so much for taking the time to explain your weather in a bit more detail.

[attachimg=1]

There was a complete change in the work schedule today, 11 September and I ended up with some free time in Eldorado National Forest during the afternoon.

In this photograph the leading cloud bank from a cold front can be seen approaching from the northwest. My latest temperature forecast for the western slope of the Crystal Range looks like it is going to hold up, but might be delayed by 12 to 24 hours. I ended up with a temperature forecast of 63 F (17.2 C) to 58 F (14.4 C) for daytime high temperatures for the Lyons Creek Basin. If we indeed get some cold air advection, the -3.9 C to -6.7 C low temperature forecast should pan out, and the leaves of the deciduous species should start to turn color. I will do the best I can to capture this event when it starts.

[attachimg=2]

I went back to check on the trout again. There was not much change in the water level or temperature. Enough water must be seeping through the gravel to keep things acceptable for them.

[attachimg=3]

I took some time to photograph Glyceria grandis. With the approaching cold front, the wind was gusting today up to 18 mph. This made photography very difficult.

[attachimg=4]

With sustained winds speeds of 10 mph the inflorescence never stood still.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 12, 2018, 05:56:26 AM
[attachimg=1]

It was beautiful at Wrights Lake.

[attachimg=2]

Another nice scene of Wrights Lake.

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The last photograph of Wrights Lake before returning to Placerville.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Leucogenes on September 12, 2018, 08:41:25 PM


Yes, I like Ericameria species too. I have a number that I have started from seed, however they are still very small. Ericameria cuneata will root from cuttings. I had some started a year of two ago but lost them. I will be trying this species again ASAP. It is very beautiful and I think it will thrive in our xeric garden.


Maybe I'm making a fool of myself now...but I didn't know Ericameria species yet. 😉

By chance I got some photos last weekend from a botanical friend who was wandering north of Washington State last week. Two pictures show Ericameria resinosa. As soon as I have permission, I will show the photos.

Ericameria is a very beautiful species. 👍

Thomas
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 13, 2018, 04:56:58 AM
Thomas,

There might be folks in the interior western U.S.A. North America  :)  who would choke at the idea of Rabbitbrush, Ericameria/Chrysothumnus as an ornamental in their gardens. Most likely the same could be said about Artemisia tridentata.  :-X   :P  Both grow nearly everywhere in the interior west (U.S.A. North America!) I purposely grow Artemisia tridentata in our garden and like it.  :o

There are 3 to 4 Ericameria/Chrysothumnus species that I encounter on the western slope of the Crystal Range, El Dorado County, California. Ericameria arborescens is an obligate seeder that is fairly dependent on fire for reproduction. They tend to grow tall and leggy. I do not have much interest in this species as an ornamental in our garden. I generally see Ericameria  suffruitocosa at very high elevations. I have yet to try this species and have know idea how it would preform in cultivation. Ericameria cuneata var. cuneata inhabits rock crevices and seems a perfect rock garden species. It is very high on my list of species to experiment with in our Sacramento garden. Very close to the east side of the Sierra Nevada I encounter Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus. It gets a bit large for a rock garden, yet I would be willing to try this species in our garden for the late season flowers. This species, mostly native to the interior continental U.S.A. North America, might be considered a weed. I love it, but then I do not live in Rabbitbrush country. Again, most likely the same could be said of Artemisia tridentata.  :-X

I have some nice seedlings of Ericameria discoidea started from seed I gathered near Sonora Pass. We have a fair number of Ericameria species in California, mostly native to the highest elevations and/or the east side of the Sierra Nevada crest. I would not mind experimenting with them.

I am 100% behind your efforts to experiment with the genus Ericameria. Some might consider growing plants in this genus foolish, but I would not let this discourage you from trying them. Some are gems. The gray foliage on others can be very attractive. The autumn blooming cycle is an asset. Efforts to select garden worthy forms of some of the less desirable species could be worthwhile. New worthy garden plants benefit all of us.  8)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Leucogenes on September 13, 2018, 11:53:49 AM
Thomas,

There might be folks in the interior western U.S.A. North America  :)  who would choke at the idea of Rabbitbrush, Ericameria/Chrysothumnus as an ornamental in their gardens. Most likely the same could be said about Artemisia tridentata.  :-X   :P  Both grow nearly everywhere in the interior west (U.S.A. North America!) I purposely grow Artemisia tridentata in our garden and like it.  :o

There are 3 to 4 Ericameria/Chrysothumnus species that I encounter on the western slope of the Crystal Range, El Dorado County, California. Ericameria arborescens is an obligate seeder that is fairly dependent on fire for reproduction. They tend to grow tall and leggy. I do not have much interest in this species as an ornamental in our garden. I generally see Ericameria  suffruitocosa at very high elevations. I have yet to try this species and have know idea how it would preform in cultivation. Ericameria cuneata var. cuneata inhabits rock crevices and seems a perfect rock garden species. It is very high on my list of species to experiment with in our Sacramento garden. Very close to the east side of the Sierra Nevada I encounter Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus. It gets a bit large for a rock garden, yet I would be willing to try this species in our garden for the late season flowers. This species, mostly native to the interior continental U.S.A. North America, might be considered a weed. I love it, but then I do not live in Rabbitbrush country. Again, most likely the same could be said of Artemisia tridentata.  :-X

I have some nice seedlings of Ericameria discoidea started from seed I gathered near Sonora Pass. We have a fair number of Ericameria species in California, mostly native to the highest elevations and/or the east side of the Sierra Nevada crest. I would not mind experimenting with them.

I am 100% behind your efforts to experiment with the genus Ericameria. Some might consider growing plants in this genus foolish, but I would not let this discourage you from trying them. Some are gems. The gray foliage on others can be very attractive. The autumn blooming cycle is an asset. Efforts to select garden worthy forms of some of the less desirable species could be worthwhile. New worthy garden plants benefit all of us.  8)

Hi Robert

Thank you for the extensive information about Ericameria Species. I think that Ericameria cuneata var. cuneata and Ericameria resinosa are best suited for a rock garden. The late flowering time makes it especially interesting and valuable. Maybe you can buy some seeds sometime.

A really worthwhile project...much success with it.  ;D

Thomas

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 15, 2018, 06:23:29 PM
[attachimg=1]

I checked my data loggers yesterday, 14 September. I also checked the pool of water where the trout were hanging out. The pool was nearly dry and the trout were gone, most likely a meal for some wild animals.

[attachimg=2]

Yesterday the clouds were very interesting. We were under a strong southwestern upper airflow.

As for my temperature weather forecast for the Lyons Creek Basin:

It was a mix. The high temperature forecast for 12 and 13 September of 57 F to 63 F was more or less correct: 12th 61 F and 13th 57 F. I was not even close on the low temperature forecast, 20 to 25 F. The low on the 12th was 31 F. On the other days the low temperature was even warmer.

Well I am in good company with weather forecasting. Yesterday afternoon the US NWS forecast a few clouds for this morning and then clear skies. Well it is raining this morning!

Now that the weather has turned cooler, autumn colors are starting to appear on some of the deciduous tress.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: cohan on September 15, 2018, 09:23:35 PM
Nice to see the further outings-- some very interesting varied habitats. How far from your home are these areas?
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 16, 2018, 11:41:43 AM
Nice to see the further outings-- some very interesting varied habitats. How far from your home are these areas?


From Sacramento it is a 45 minute drive to get anyplace that is interesting - a low elevation site. From the farm I can visit an interesting site on the way to or from Placerville, about a 10 minute drive from the farm. I guess it actually takes a bit more time since one has to take the scenic route. To get to the high country of the Sierra Nevada takes an hour from the farm.

A lot has changed over the years. During the 1970's and early 1980's I could just walk out the back door into semi-wilderness. I could walk for miles without seeing human development of any sort. Now there is massive amounts of development everywhere. The farm now sits in an ocean of development. Perhaps from this statement, you can understand why I am alarmed by what is going on. This type of alteration to the natural ecosystem can not go on forever. The evidence of strain on the local ecosystem (and the whole earth's ecosystems) are becoming evident everywhere - yet folks seem to be completely unaware of what is going on around them. Not long ago, I talked with an adult (age 65) who believes population growth on the planet can continue fore ever. When asked about global climate change, she replied that this was "fake science", a common response in the U.S.A. these days. When asked for evidence or data to back up this claim there, of coarse, was none.

I spend a great deal of time these days gathering data from the "local" ecosystems here in El Dorado County, California. I have been very alarmed by the disappearance of a number of species (all types) in our local area. I have not logged a Cedar Waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum, in decades. During the 1960's huge flocks could be seen every winter in our area. During the 1990's I logged Gentiana calycosa at several sites on the western slope of the Crystal Range. I have returned to this sites repeatedly over the last 15 years and have not been able to locate any. I logged exact GSP locations - no Gentians! The same can be said about Trillium albidum, natural hybrids of Lilium parvum x pardalinum, and so many other plant species whose genes could prove useful for advancements in horticulture. I could go on with the list.

I may be alarmed, but nobody else seems to care in the least. I do not give up on things and wish to come to my own conclusions independently. Thus I conduct and finance my own "research" or hobby or whatever its called. I have already seen how some valid scientific research is "put on the shelf" because it would scare the public.

Oh well, I guess I have become long winded and off point. The bottom line is that I do not have to drive far to get to the Sierra Nevada Mountains and our precious plants and many other wild things are disappearing.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: ian mcdonald on September 16, 2018, 03:52:34 PM
Robert, the same destruction (in the name of progress) has been happening in the UK for many years. I used to be able to walk out of the house into fields and woods. I,m now surrounded by housing estates and giant sheds. Successive governments are being told what to do by big business. Giant warehouses are built with EU money then closed after a few years when cheap rates are at an end. I wonder if we will ever have a government who know what they are doing?
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 17, 2018, 04:55:43 AM
Hi Ian,

I agree, it is sad to see things go in the direct they are going throughout the world. There is no reason things have to be this way, but then it is a choice of free will that heads us in the current direction toward worldwide catastrophe. I do the best I can to make good personal choices and allow others the freedom to make their choices, even if I do not agree with them.

With the current trajectory, the laws of physics will lead humanity to a catastrophic event. In the mean time, I will be an advocate for the plants, animals, and other creatures and wild places that are not regarded with the dignity they deserve as fellow residents of this planet. I certainly feel compelled from my heart to create as much good as I can on this planet. I am well aware that it is like trying to empty the oceans with an eyedropper. Who knows what the future will bring. Tomorrow an extremely high magnitude Carrington type event may occur and bring the technological age to an end within a few hours? Such an event is 100% possible.

On the brighter side…    :)

I enjoy your photographs immensely, especially the insects, butterflies and birds. My wife and I do everything were can to invite creatures into our garden. My wife even lets the tomato hornworms eat our tomato plants. I am not so highly advanced!   ;D   :)
 
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 17, 2018, 03:03:26 PM
BARRETT LAKE
JEEP TRAIL
El Dorado County, California

Thursday, 23 August 2018

Part I

Upper Silver Creek Basin
Weather: Clear
Temperature, High: 72 F, 22.2 C
                       Low: 36 F, 2.2 C
4:00 p.m. Relative Humidity: 35%
4:00 p.m. Dew Point: 39 F, 3.9 C
Wind: NW 8G12
Precipitation: 0.00 inches (0.0 mm), To date (starting 1 July): 00.00 inches (0.0 mm)


[attachimg=1]

A great deal of my time is taken these days working at less than desirable odd jobs to finance the research projects I enjoy doing. When I get an opportunity to have an all day outing I am determined to make the best of it. At least the Sierra Nevada Mountains are nearby. Even if I only have a few hours, I sneak off to work on the projects, to which I am passionate and devoted. I never tire of visiting sites like this (pictured).

On 23 August, I left Sacramento at 4:00 a.m. to arrive in the Sierra Nevada as early as possible. I made my usual rounds to down load data pertaining to my current long-term project. I now have some sites that a bit remote and require hiking. The first stops were in the dark, and by the time I arrived at the last site the sun had arisen.

[attachimg=2]

It was a beautiful morning. It is always nice to linger at a site like this, however this morning I still had a distance to drive before arriving at the trailhead.

[attachimg=3]

Today I wanted to hike the old Barrett Lake Jeep Trail. When I was in High School (late 1960’s to early 1970’s) I would travel this route fairly frequently. A hiking companion and I had a favorite lake where we enjoyed camping for several days. Back then, the jeep trail was little more than thin, little used track into Barrett Lake, about 6 miles in from Dark Lake the starting point of the jeep trail. These days the jeep trail is a highly eroded mess of large boulders, stinking oil and dust. This may suggest that another location may have been more advisable for this outing. Fortunately, the folks that use the jeep trail do not seem to stray far from the trail and I spent a great deal of my time away from the trail.

It had been 5 or 6 years since I last visited the area (far too long). This region has a rich and unique flora. In addition, there are a number of sites that have wonderful memories from past outings and camping trips.

From the new trailhead (I guess only “new” in my mind as it has been there for awhile), 6,975 feet (2,126 meters), it only took me a few minutes to reach Dark Lake, 6,908 feet (2,106 meters). Dark Lake is an interesting place and has a long history, which is an essay in itself. Spike Rush, Eleocharis sp., grows abundantly around parts of the lake. The Spike Rush seen to the right in the photograph is most likely Eleocharis palustris. There were some important sites I wished to visit, so I did not take the time to check the plants to confirm their identity.

[attachimg=4]

A short distance from Dark Lake is a small pond or pool at the crest of the ridge above Jones Fork Silver Creek. There are many ponds and pools like this along this route. Some are located next to the trail; others are hidden in the forest. They are certainly leftover depressions that filled with water when the last Ice Age ended. The ponds can be treasure troves of interesting plant species, especially the sites far and hidden in the forest. The usual combinations of grass and sedge species, such as Carex utriculata, ringed this pond. On slightly higher ground around the pond many Ericaceae species were seen. Phyllodoce breweri and Rhododendron columbianum are two examples.

[attachimg=5]

The ripening seedpods of Chrysolpepis sempervirens are very spiny. Good forms of this evergreen species can be very attractive.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 17, 2018, 03:06:55 PM
[attachimg=1]

I quickly abandoned the jeep trail and set off over the granodiorite landscape. Earlier in the season this dry landscape is filled with many species of plants in full bloom. This time of year, it requires much more detective work and very careful examination to determine the identity of dried specimens. For me this is a very interesting and enjoyable process.

For this camera angle, Red Peak can be seen to the left along the highest ridge in the background. To the far right, the wide “v” shaped depression is Rockbound Pass.

[attachimg=2]

Another view of Rockbound Pass.

From this view, the “u” shaped geologic features on the north side (left) of Rockbound Pass can be clearly seen. It is a very fascinating area to visit. I am very eager to return to the old Red Peak Stock Trail, which follows the crest of the approaching ridge.

[attachimg=3]

To the east, a number a peaks can be seen between Rockbound Pass and Mount Price.

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To the west is the Crystal Basin, a major mountain recreation area in the region.

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My goal on this day was to reach the Red Peak area, or at least get as close as I could to a number of lakes in the area.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: cohan on September 17, 2018, 09:20:52 PM
A lot has changed over the years. During the 1970's and early 1980's I could just walk out the back door into semi-wilderness. I could walk for miles without seeing human development of any sort. Now there is massive amounts of development everywhere. The farm now sits in an ocean of development. Perhaps from this statement, you can understand why I am alarmed by what is going on. This type of alteration to the natural ecosystem can not go on forever. The evidence of strain on the local ecosystem (and the whole earth's ecosystems) are becoming evident everywhere - yet folks seem to be completely unaware of what is going on around them. Not long ago, I talked with an adult (age 65) who believes population growth on the planet can continue fore ever. When asked about global climate change, she replied that this was "fake science", a common response in the U.S.A. these days. When asked for evidence or data to back up this claim there, of coarse, was none.

My immediate area here is not commercially developed, but farms have been subdivided as children grow up and need their own homestead, at least most of the land is still farmed, and always lots of mostly/native pasturage. You don't have to go far, of course to see more land being swallowed up--  a couple of the towns nearby, and the nearest small city have nearly doubled  since I left home in the early 80's, and areas of farmland we used to drive through on the way into town, now *are * town... The town of Sylvan Lake where we often shop has been really obvious-- one of the main roads into town has lost several farms in the last couple of years.. more strip malls and congested housing developments.... yay!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 18, 2018, 04:51:46 AM
BARRETT LAKE
JEEP TRAIL
El Dorado County, California

Part II

[attachimg=1]

There can be broad expanses of open granodiorite rock where glacial ice once moved over the land. The ice retreated approximately 12,000 years ago and the soil building process began. Most of the vegetation is confined to rock crevices and shallow pockets where soil has slowly accumulated.

[attachimg=3]

The process of sheeting creates parallel factures in the plutonic rock. Slowly the layers are broken off and shed like the layers of an onion. The roots of hardy plants eventually penetrate the seams in the rock, plants grow and pockets of soil are established.

[attachimg=2]

Here Juncus parryi is well established in this rock crevice. During the spring and early summer, a large variety of plant species can be found growing in the seams of the broken rock.

[attachimg=4]

Hardy conifers such as Jeffrey Pine, Pinus jeffreyi, can sometimes become established in the small crevices. It is amazing how such a large tree can grow and thrive in such an inhospitable location.

[attachimg=5]

Sierra Juniper, Juniperus grandis, has an irregular distribution on the western slope of the Crystal Range. They are abundant along the northern portion of the Crystal Range in locations such as Loon Lake and the upper basin of the South Fork of the Rubicon River. As one move southward along the range this species is generally seen in scattered pockets.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 18, 2018, 04:54:33 AM
[attachimg=1]

I worked my way across Jones Fork Silver Creek, 6,871 ft. (2,094 meters). Water levels were extremely low. Due to global climate change, the winter snow line is rising. This impacts the extent of the snow pack, which impacts the hydrology of the region.

I have researched the annual precipitation in the region back to the 1850’s. There has been little or no change in the average annual precipitation; however there has been a clear decrease in precipitation in the form of snow. The average wintertime snowline is slowly rising. In addition, my data indicates a relentless increase in the average annual temperature since the 1960’s. Rising temperatures, increased evapotranspiration, and rising snow levels has led to decreased flow rates in the high elevation creeks and streams. This is especially apparent in the late summer and autumn.

[attachimg=2]

Eriogonum umbellatum var polyanthum was one of the few dryland species still in bloom during August. In the wild, some plants will produce new flowers over an extended period of time. Ripe seed and newly open flowers can sometimes be found on the same plant at the same time.

[attachimg=3]

The ridge that contours the northern edge of the Jones Fork Basin is much higher than the southern ridgeline. As I gained altitude, there were some great vistas of Mount Price to the east-southeast.

[attachimg=4]

A number of seasonal watercourses bisect the route to the top of the ridge. Higher on the ridge there are several active springs that flow into the drainage, creating a lush riparian habitat. Most of the water never arrives at the Jones Fork late in the dry season.

[attachimg=5]

This scene is of one of the many seasonal bogs in this area. The bogs are very fascinating to study.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 18, 2018, 04:57:09 AM
[attachimg=1]

At one location I found an isolated single specimen of Incense Cedar, Calocedrus decurrens. Most likely the original seed arrived in the area via a jeep. Calocedrus decurrens is one of a number of native species that tend to be vagabonds. The species can be found along one of our local highways well below its natural range. The seeds are transported on snow transported by automobiles returning from ski trips in the Sierra Nevada during the winter.

[attachimg=2]

Quaking Aspen, Populus tremuloides, is a sure indication of an abundant perennial source of water. This grove was near the top of the ridge.

[attachimg=3]

Another great vista with Mount Price in the background.

[attachimg=4]

This is the last view of the Crystal Range before I entered the coniferous forest near the top of the ridge.

[attachimg=5]

This forested area is somewhat isolated, however the area did not escape the logging boom that started during the 1970’s.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 18, 2018, 04:59:31 AM
[attachimg=1]

Old growth timber was the target during this round of logging. The tree rings of many of the stumps can still be counted. This tree was a little over 200 years old when it was cut, i.e. sprouted as a seedling in 1770 to 1780.

[attachimg=2]

Even this young recently cut Lodgepole Pine, Pinus contorta var. murrayana, was over 70 years old. Oh how I wish I had the equipment to take a core sample of some of the 200-year-old trees. The core samples would provide clues to climatic/precipitation conditions in the area before 1860.

[attachimg=3]

Old aluminum cans like this one can help date activities in this area.

[attachimg=4]

The old Red Peak Stock Trail bisects the jeep trail at the crest of the ridge, 7,653 ft. (2,333 meters). The route along the Stock Trail to the crest of the Crystal Range and onward into Rockbound Valley is one of the most fascinating routes in the area.

[attachimg=5]

I was tempted to follow the route for a short distance, but I soon backtracked to continue my trip toward Barrett Lake.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 18, 2018, 05:10:18 AM
My immediate area here is not commercially developed, but farms have been subdivided as children grow up and need their own homestead, at least most of the land is still farmed, and always lots of mostly/native pasturage. You don't have to go far, of course to see more land being swallowed up--  a couple of the towns nearby, and the nearest small city have nearly doubled  since I left home in the early 80's, and areas of farmland we used to drive through on the way into town, now *are * town... The town of Sylvan Lake where we often shop has been really obvious-- one of the main roads into town has lost several farms in the last couple of years.. more strip malls and congested housing developments.... yay!


Your situation seems like El Dorado County back in the 1970's. Back then one walked into the store and saw folks that were your neighbors. It was easy to visit. Now nearly everyone is a stranger. In Sacramento, everyone is a stranger.

It is best for me not to get too caught up in things I can not change i.e. massive development. Unfortunately, sometimes it gets to me.  :P  I feel sad and concerned about young people today. What sort of world will they inherit?   :'(
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 19, 2018, 04:26:46 AM
BARRETT LAKE
JEEP TRAIL
El Dorado County, California

Part III


[attachimg=1]

Late in the day I arrived at the site of a beautiful meadow, 7,450 ft. (2,271 meters). To arrive and explore the meadow was one of the primary goals of this outing.

[attachimg=2]

I first visited this meadow in the very early 1970’s. It was always a good place to stop, rest, and eat a bit before continuing on to some of the nearby lakes in the area.

[attachimg=3]

I spent a fair amount of time walking the meadow. The mix of meadow grasses and sedges was a bit different than what I usually encounter elsewhere in the area. I found many stands of Tufted Hair Grass, Deschampsia ceaspitosa. I was also surprised to see the Sedge, Carex spectabilis, in the meadow. It is a fairly common species in the area, however I only occasionally find this species in meadows.

[attachimg=4]

The meadow has started to change in recent years. Back in the very early 1970’s cattle were occasionally allowed to graze the meadow. The grazing pressure seemed light back then and the cattle kept the meadow clear of encroaching Lodgepole Pine, Pinus contorta ssp. murrayana, seedlings.

Cattle grazing ended in this area many years ago. By estimating the age of the encroaching Lodgepole Pine, I deduce that the seedling pines did not start invading the meadow until approximately 10 years ago. There was a considerable lapse in time between the ending of cattle grazing and the onset of the Lodgepole invasion. I am also following the relatively recent overgrowth of Lodgepole in other parts of this region. I suspect that there could be a number of reasons that could account for the relatively recent invasion of Lodgeple Pine. Further study will be required to determine if the ideas are valid. Needless to say, returning to this area will not hurt my feelings.

[attachimg=5]

There were also the late blooming wildflowers to examine. Potentilla flabellifolia is not necessarily a late blooming species, however some plants continue to throw a few flowers later in the season.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 19, 2018, 04:29:07 AM
[attachimg=1]

Oreostemma alpigenum var. andersonii is a very common meadow plant at higher elevations.

[attachimg=2]

Symphyotrichum spathulatum blooms a bit earlier in the season. I generally see it on slightly higher, drier ground adjacent to very wet meadows. If there is a little extra lingering moisture in the soil this can often extend the blooming cycle of this species.

[attachimg=3]

In one portion of the meadow I found large mats of Gentiana newberryi var. tiogana in full bloom. This attractive species is quite common in meadows at the higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada.

[attachimg=4]

Stands of Juniperus grandis seen on my way back to the Outback.

Barrett Lake and some other beautiful Lakes were not far from the meadow. But as usual, I ran out of time. It was a long hike back to the Outback and I needed to leave for home.

This was another outstanding outing for me. Unfortunately, I have no idea when I will be able to get out again at this time.

Until next time…….

And I hope that it can be soon.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on September 19, 2018, 11:04:32 AM
As ever, I am in awe as I see your photos and read about the areas you visit, Robert.  As well as learning  I also feel a sense of relaxation - as if I too had been enjoying these wide-open spaces.  In this latest posting the Gentians and junipers are especially  pleasing  to see.
 Thank you!
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 19, 2018, 07:00:36 PM
Hi Maggi,

It never ceases to amaze me how things work!

I am still very committed to the botanical diary. I too have learned a great deal. Despite the current challenges, I am doing the most creative work I have ever done to date. Not only have I renewed old skills, but also now I am taking things to new higher level of creativity.

Your comments are very encouraging. Thank you. If I can bring a sense of my experience to others through photographs and words, this is a major success for me.

Occasionally I write of the horticultural potential of the plants that I see. I hope that the horticultural potential is always implied. Juniperus grandis can become an absolutely stunning bonsai. Gentiana newberryi var. tiogana grows very well in our Sacramento garden. There is also Gentiana newberryi var. newberryi that has blue to deep blue flowers. It is very different from Gentiana calycosa, which also grows (grew?) in our area. Sadly I last logged this species on the west slope of the Crystal Range in the late 1990’s. It is not a rare species in California, however I am concerned that this species appears to be rapidly declining in numbers in our area. I feel a need to report these observations, as I believe it impacts horticulture in direct/indirect ways. Trillium albidum is not rare in California however I have not logged this species in our area since the 1980’s. For me, these and other observations are alarming trends.

I am sure you have noticed that I am gathering a great deal of data on the western slope of the Crystal Range. Detailed meteorological data, detailed measurements of the pH of soil, water (lakes and streams), and precipitation, soil moisture content, water flow rates of the alpine creeks, soil types, geology, etc. can be helpful information to those wanting understand the growing environment of the plant species I encounter. Things like empirical modeling can help pinpoint specific issues that need more detailed investigation. I also keep detailed information on the general natural history of the region (birds, insects, butterflies, mammals, etc.). This may also be interesting to horticulturalist.

Anyway, thank you again for your comments. Sooner or later I will work through the current set of challenges. There is so much more for me to accomplish. I hope there will be time for the next outing soon.

Thank you for all your help and efforts past and present.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: ian mcdonald on September 19, 2018, 09:45:42 PM
Robert, your picture of Symphyotrichum reminds me of Aster nova-angliae. Any connection?
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 20, 2018, 05:13:01 AM
Hi Ian,

I have to admit that I do not know much about Aster nova-angliae, so I did some research. It appears that Aster nova-angliae has been reclassified as Symphyotrichum nova-angliae. Most likely the species has been reclassified due to the fairly recent DNA studies of many of the Asteraceae. It is a logical attempt to objectify the classification of plants based on DNA. Studying this methodology is way down on my priority list, however I have done some reading on the topic and know that at some point mathematical probability enters into the equation. My guess too, is that something similar to Chaos Theory or a function without continuity enters into the equation, in other words errors and false assumptions can be made. Most of the people doing this work are highly talented and are thorough in their techniques. Some fairy recent studies that I have read are excellent and appear to be extremely reasonable. I am certainly not an expert on this topic, but a very few older studies I have looked over appear to have bothersome inconsistencies. I am always skeptical of anything without supporting data. “You could not possibly understand” is a mega red flag! Anyway this is where things stand as far as I can tell.

Symphyotrichum nova-angliae is stated as native to east of the Rocky Mountains. Symphyotrichum spathulatum is native to California and other states from the Rocky Mountains westward. We have 14 species of Symphyotrichum in California and there are 3 varieties of Symphyotrichum spathulatum. I do grow Symphyotrichum spathulatum in our Sacramento garden. I have noted a fair degree of variance in the thriftiness of various seed lots. There appears to be a great deal of room for improvement. I have several seedlings to date that perform much better than others.

Since I do not know much on the topic, maybe another forumist can add more, and clarify the topic in more detail.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 20, 2018, 05:15:21 AM
[attachimg=1]

Some beautiful scenes of the Crystal Range from today.

[attachimg=2]

The red rock of the Rockbound Pass region in the distance.

[attachimg=3]

I stopped today to check the water level and flow rate on the South Fork of Silver Creek. From this perspective the creek appears to have a good flow of water for this time of year.

[attachimg=4]

From this perspective the creek appears to be partly dry. I am sure that water is still seeping through the gravel and the pool in the proceeding photograph will not go dry this autumn.

I would have to check the dates, but sometime in the 1920’s? (maybe earlier, maybe a bit later) small check dams were constructed on most of the lakes in this area to control and maintain the flow of water in the creeks during the dry season. Wrights Lake, the out source of the South Fork of Silver Creek, has a small dam a meter or two high at the out flow point.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 20, 2018, 05:17:31 AM
[attachimg=1]

Lyons Creek went completely dry on 17 September of this year.

At Lyons Lake, at the headwaters of Lyons Creek, there is a small check dam to control water flow. At Lake Sylvia, also part of the headwaters, there is basically no check dam. What was there has been almost completely silted in.

If one walks the creek bed there are still pools of water in some locations that will maintain trout and other aquatic wildlife until the creek begins to flow again.

[attachimg=2]

Autumn is finally arriving in the high country. On the last 4 consecutive nights I have recorded temperatures in the 29 F to 27 F (-1.7 C to -2.8 C) range. With the current north wind event and lowering dew points, the low temperatures will fall a bit more as long as there is little mixing of the atmosphere due to the wind.

[attachimg=3]

There is finally a hint of autumn in the trees. This California Black Oak, Quercus kelloggii, is starting to turn color. Now that the morning temperatures are cool and the change has started, the trees will turn color very quickly. 2 days ago there was no color on this tree.

Tomorrow I will be going home to Sacramento.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 25, 2018, 10:28:26 PM
A fantastic new USFS land acquisition in our area.

https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/eldorado/news-events/?cid=FSEPRD586498 (https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/eldorado/news-events/?cid=FSEPRD586498)

 8)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on September 26, 2018, 11:39:29 AM
It's great to see some good news like that, Robert.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 27, 2018, 05:27:55 AM
It's great to see some good news like that, Robert.

I agree 100%.  :)   8)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 27, 2018, 05:29:54 AM
[attachimg=1]

I was able to spend an hour or so in the Sierra Nevada today.

[attachimg=2]

It was a very warm day for late September. The following temperature roundup might be interesting.

Placerville, farm 1,460 feet, 445 meters
High: 93 F, 33.9 C
Low: 53 F, 11.7 C
4:00 p.m. Relative Humidity: 15%

Riverton 3,625 feet, 1,105 meters
High: 90 F, 32.2 C
Low: 51 F, 10.6 C
4:00 p.m. Relative Humidity: 18%

Peavine Ridge 5,146 feet, 1,569 meters
High: 87 F, 30.6 C
Low: 49 F, 9.4 C
4:00 p.m. Relative Humidity: 12%

Loon Lake 6,410 feet, 1,954 meters
High: 83 F, 28.3 C
Low: 46 F, 7.8 C
4:00 p.m. Relative Humidity: 10%

Lyons Creek 6,622 feet, 2,018 meters
High: 75 F, 23.9 C
Low: 35 F, 1.7 C
4:00 p.m. Relative Humidity: 18%

A cutoff low is spinning off the California coast. This brought a few high clouds into the area today (pictured). The low is forecast to move toward Northwestern California over the next few days. It can be very difficult to forecast the movement of such systems, however if the forecast holds much cooler temperatures will arrive and there could be some rain. I took a good look at the latest Northeastern Pacific satellite image and I did not see much, or any, eastward movement in this system. At this time it appears the Rex blocking high will prevail or at least slow the transition. We shall see.

[attachimg=3]

Autumn colors are starting to arrive in the high country. The Quaking Aspens, Populus tremuloides, (pictured) should be at their peak in 10 days or so, especially if cooler weather arrives soon.

I have some ham radio friends in the high country at this time. We had a QSO this evening and we are planning regular weather and things of interest (i.e. autumn colors, etc.) radio reports every day.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 28, 2018, 05:19:09 AM
It was another warm day in Northern California today. Temperatures in general ran a bit warmer than 24 hours ago. As an example:

Placerville farm – 27 September

Cloud cover: High Clouds, Ci
High: 94 F, 34.4 C
Low: 55 F, 12.8 C
Winds: NW 1G3 mph

Yesterday – 26 September

Cloud cover: High Clouds, Ci
High: 93 F, 33.9 C
Low: 53 F, 11.7 C
Winds: Calm

This was typical of many of the reporting stations in the area today.

We have an interesting weather situation developing. The current Rex Block remained more or less stationary over the last 24 hours, however a strong surge of cold moist air is moving southward from the western end of the Aleutian Islands. It shows well on the NE Pacific GOES West satellite images, both visible and infrared. The higher temperatures today can most likely be attributed to the stationary Rex Block as it was compressed and pushed a bit by the on coming Aleutian air mass. Currently winds are fairly calm throughout our area, including the weather buoys off the California coast. Certainly the Aleutian air mass will impact the Rex Block, but at this time it is just a guess how this will play out. The next 24 hours will most likely provide some important clues.

Adding to the mix is Hurricane Rosa, currently located at 16.9 N, 115.9 W. It has sustained maximum wind speeds of 125 mph, and is currently tracking west at 10 mph. Rosa will most likely start to swing to the north within the next 24 hours. Rosa needs to be watched as she could potentially get pulled into the Aleutian airflow, as it swings eastward toward California. This scenario is not likely but still needs to be watched.

At this time my best guess forecast is: 35% chance of a very slow cooling trend over the next 7 days, as the Aleutian air mass very slowly works its way eastward, 60% chance the Aleutian air mass begins to nudge the cut-off low in the next 24 hours. The low moves toward Northern California and the high pressure continues to weaken. This will bring cooling temperatures to the area much sooner and maybe a chance of precipitation to the NW part of California. Then there is a 5% chance that some part of Rosa will get pulled into the flow toward California. This would most likely bring precipitation to Southern California.

My forecast for tomorrow is for temperatures to run 0 to 2 F lower than today. Most likely there will be continued periods of high cloudiness. Well, I am having fun with this!

Tomorrow I hope to have some time in the Sierra Nevada and capture some of the autumn colors with my camera.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 28, 2018, 02:03:03 PM
5:30 a.m. PT WX update, 28 September 2018.

After checking the GOES West satellite images and the current conditions this morning, I have made a few adjustments to my forecast.

>Winds continue to be light throughout the area, however the marine layer has increased in the SF bay area this morning and the delta winds have started to increase. Temperatures at our Sacramento home are likely to be cooler by 5 F, or so, today and much more tomorrow. At this time, I do not see much change in the interior temperatures today, with some cooling tomorrow, maybe 5 F, however I would like to see more eastward movement of the cutoff low.

>As for day 3 and beyond, I have increased the likelihood of a slower solution toward cooler weather to 65%; decreased the faster solution to 35%. At this time I do not think Hurricane Rosa will impact our local weather.

>The “butterflies” are busy! – A double pun based on a statement made by Ed Lorenz many years ago and that butterflies are symbolic angels and heaven, i.e. God is in control of everything.

At this time everything looks good for a bit of time in the Sierra Nevada today. I will also be receiving a QSO radio report from Lake No 3 later today. Hopefully I will be able to return to this area next year. The flora is extremely interesting in this area and I am eager to do a follow up to my spring 2017 outing in this region. I the mean time, great news! More data loggers will be arriving soon to improve my WX and data network.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 29, 2018, 05:21:58 AM
[attachimg=1]

It was a beautiful day in the Sierra Nevada today. During much of the day, high clouds moved through the region. In the morning the winds were calm, however the wind quickly increased in velocity throughout the morning and afternoon. I clocked some gusts at 15 mph, however there were certainly stronger gusts during the day.

[attachimg=2]

Well, I was off on my weather forecast. Once the upstream airflow got the cutoff low moving, it started to move quickly toward California. With the approaching low came a strong SW onshore flow and cool air.

This is a break down of the results from some of my WX sites:

Placerville
Yesterday                  Today                        Difference
High: 94 F, 34.4 C      High: 83 F, 28.3 C      -11 F, -6.1 C

Riverton
High: 90 F, 32.2 C      High: 85 F, 29.4 C      -5 F, -2.8 C

Peavine Ridge
High: 87 F, 30.6 C      High: 84 F, 28.9 C      -3 F, -1.7 C

Lyons Creek
High: 76 F, 24.4 C      High: 73 F, 22.8 C      -3 F, -1.7 C

At the higher elevations, I did not do that bad with the temperature forecast. As for the lower elevations, well, I need to sharpen my pencil!   ;D

[attachimg=3]

At the higher elevations many deciduous species are turning color. Thickets of Prunus emarginata are bright gold now.

[attachimg=4]

In some locations there are large blocks of Bracken Fern, Pteridium aquilinium ssp. pubescens that carpet the forest floor. Right now they are bright yellowish gold and contrast well with anything that is still green.

[attachimg=5]

The large bold leaves of Rubus parviflorus have turned gold too.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 29, 2018, 05:26:16 AM
[attachimg=1]

Symphoricarpos mollis creeps over the ground in shady locations. The leaves are yellowish now. After the leaves drop the pure white fruit will stand out.

This evening I had a QSO with my WX and ham radio friends at Lake No 3. Much higher in the Crystal Range the autumn colors are reported to be spectacular. Sheets of Vaccinium cespitosum have turned brilliant orange-scarlet and contrast beautifully with Phyllodoce breweri. The sunset this evening was reported to be gorgeous! I am envious! The upper level winds have also increased. At least there are good camping sites out of the wind.

[attachimg=2]

This is a nice peaceful scene of Wilson Meadow.

Now that the weather is on the move, it appears the next few days will be even cooler than today. The NE Pacific GEOS West water vapor satellite image now shows an impressive flow of cold moist air directed toward California. The forecast now looks good for rain by Sunday night – Monday. Conditions are very dry and rain will be welcome.

My next chance to get out will be on Sunday. After that ? Sadly, my 93-year old mother is having great difficulties as her life nears its end. Considering the situation, it may be many weeks until I can get out for an all day outing.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on September 29, 2018, 10:48:43 AM
Sad news about your Mother, Robert - I know other members have also recently lost a parent and  it is never easy. Our thoughts are with you and your family.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on September 29, 2018, 11:35:27 AM
Robert, I'm very sorry to hear about your mother's failing health. My prayers for all members of the family in these very hard transition times. Kindly, Arturo
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on September 29, 2018, 01:18:54 PM
Maggi, Arturo

It has been a long haul.

Between my mother-in-law, father, and now my mother, my wife, brother, and I have been care giving for over a decade. We are exhausted! As my wife says, we feel like we could sleep for several years when it is all over.

Thank you for your kind thoughts, and understanding. As you say, we are not the only ones that go through such difficulties. In the end we too will get through this.

Thank you again for your kind thoughts and prayers.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 06, 2018, 06:10:47 PM
[attachimg=1]

We had our first significant rainfall of the season a few days ago (3 and 4 October 2018). There was not much precipitation at our Sacramento home, however the Sierra Nevada received much more precipitation. The storm was very mild, with very high snow levels. The temperatures at out Sacramento home:

4 October 2018
Sacramento
23 feet, 7 meters
High: 75 F, 23.9 C
Low: 62 F, 16.7 C
Precipitation: 0.06 inches, 1.5 mm

This photograph was taken in Eldorado National Forest a few days before the storm arrived.

[attachimg=2]

This is a nice view of the distance peaks south of the Crystal Range. The peaks are all of volcanic composition in this area.

>The distant peak to the far left is Elephants Back.
>Two peaks to the right of Elephants Back are some pointed peaks.
>The rounded peak to their right is Round Top Peak.

Placerville weather:

4 October 2018
Placerville
1460 feet, 445 meters
High: 64 F, 17.8 C
Low: 57 F, 13.9 C
Precipitation: 0.28 inches, 7.1 mm

[attachimg=3]

A nice scene of autumn color on Spiraea splendens in the Lyons Creek Basin a few days before the storm arrived.

Weather for Riverton:

4 October 2018
Riverton
3,625 feet, 1,105 meters
High: 63 F, 17.2 C
Low: 55 F, 12.8 C
Precipitation: 1.15 inches, 29.2 mm

As one can notice, there was much more precipitation in the mountains.

[attachimg=4]

I had a few hours out on 4 October 2018. It rained on and off all day. I was at least able to get the new data recorders set and in place despite the rain.

Weather for Peavine Ridge:

4 October 2018
Peavine Ridge
5,146 feet, 1,569 meters
High: 53 F, 11.7 C
Low: 48 F, 8.9 C
Precipitation: 1.25 inches, 31.8 mm

[attachimg=5]

This is another view near Gerle Creek. The cloud ceiling can be seen at the trees on top of the ridge.

Weather for Gerle Creek:

4 October 2018
Gerle Creek
5,525 feet, 1,684 meters
High: 66 F, 18.9 C, High for 3 October
Low: 47 F, 8.3 C
Precipitation: 0.72, mm, by 8:00 a.m.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 06, 2018, 06:16:21 PM
[attachimg=1]

This is a scene of the storm clouds over the Crystal Basin.

[attachimg=2]

It was rainy in the Lyons Creek Basin, 6,622 feet, 2,108 meters.

Lyons Creek Basin weather:

4 October 2018
Lyons Creek Basin
6,622 feet, 2,018 meters
High: 56 F, 13.3 C, High for 3 October
Low: 43 F, 6.1 C
Precipitation: 0.96 inches, 24.4 mm, as of 9:00 a.m.

[attachimg=3]

Sheep Sorrel, Rumex acetosella, is an invasive species. It most likely arrived in the early 1850-60’s with the introduction of domestic grazing animals. The species is very common in the higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada.

[attachimg=4]

Eriogonum marifolium is one of a number of native Buckwheat species in this area.

[attachimg=5]

Eriogonum incanum is also native in this area. The two species can often be seen growing side-by-side in this area. Occasionally, natural hybrids between the two species occur. The frequency of natural hybridization between the two species varies by region. I see many more hybrids in the Upper Bassi region of the Crystal Range. This is a very interesting phenomenon.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 06, 2018, 06:19:05 PM
[attachimg=1]

Wolf Lichen, Letharia vulpina, is very showy this time of year.

[attachimg=2]

There was a very short pause in the rain at Wrights Lake.

[attachimg=3]

Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. occidentale is seen frequently around Wrights Lake. This species can have striking crimson to orange-crimson autumn leave color. They were starting to turn on 4 October. With cold weather they will be brightly colored in just a few days.

[attachimg=4]

The cloud deck quickly lowered at Wrights Lake and the rain returned. I was hoping to see some new snow on the highest peaks. Not on this day!  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 10, 2018, 05:22:28 PM
[attachimg=1]

Empirical / Ecosystem modeling has become quite the hobby for me. It has considerable relevance in our garden.

My wife tells me that I keep detailed lists of almost everything, plants, lichens, insects and spiders, butterflies, animals, birds, weather, and more. This is true even for our Sacramento neighborhood. It is not hard for me to use my imagination to create an Empirical / Ecosystem model of our Sacramento neighborhood based on the lists. It is also not hard to imagine the discords in an urban – suburban ecosystem, however there are encouraging success stories.

This year my wife and I planted the very common annual, Tithonia rotundifolia, to attract wildlife to our garden. This simple addition, including many supporting plant species, created a satisfactory environment that attracted many of the species we were hoping to attract.

Grass Skippers as well as many other butterflies (and other insects) found a sanctuary in our garden. The Tithonia acted as a beacon attracting many butterflies to our garden (picture).

[attachimg=2]

Fiery Skippers, Hylephila phyleus, was one of several Grass Skipper species attracted to our garden (pictured). Woodland Skippers, Ochlodes sylvanoides, was another Grass Skipper attracted by the Tithonia.

[attachimg=3]

The great event and success for the season was the arrival of Gulf Fritillaries, Agraulis vanillae, to our garden. The range of this beautiful butterfly has been expanding northward along the coast of California. Now they have arrived in the southern portion of the Sacramento Valley and our Sacramento garden.

[attachimg=4]

The upper surface of its wing is just as beautiful as the lower surface. Hover Flies, Wasps, and a number of Bee species have also been attracted to our garden by the Tithonia. The season is not over yet. We will see whom else shows up.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Gerdk on October 10, 2018, 06:13:50 PM
Robert,
I don`t know what to admire more - the Tithonia or the butterflies!

Gerd
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 11, 2018, 04:35:48 AM
[attachimg=1]

Wednesday, 10 October 2018

A weak storm slid down into eastern California and western Nevada on the northwestern upper airflow.

[attachimg=2]

To the west, there were clear skies over the Central Valley of California, however over the higher ground of the Sierra Nevada there was instability with convective cloudiness.

[attachimg=3]

This view of the Crystal Range was taken at 1:30 in the afternoon. Within one-half hour the convective clouds built into dark skies with light rain. By 2:30 p.m. the storm had intensified. Small hail, 2-3 mm dia., fell with the intensifying rain.

[attachimg=4]

The gates on the check dam at Wright Lake were pulled last week and water began to flow again in the South Fork of Silver Creek.

[attachimg=5]

In this down stream view one can see that there is not much of a stream flow, on average 4 cm depth where the water is actually flowing. This is similar to the reading last week before the rain started. I did get a good measurement of the water pH, 6.0 to 6.5. I skipped the water temperature. This would have been interesting reading.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 11, 2018, 04:38:21 AM
[attachimg=1]

Water began flowing again in Lyons Creek, 2.5 cm depth where the water was flowing. I am not sure what accounts for the restored stream flow. It may have been the rain last week, or that the gates were pulled on Lyons Lake, maybe both. There was a considerable amount of rainfall last week in this area. The pH of the water was 6.0 to 6.5.

Some of the rainfall totals from last week:

Lyons Creek Basin: 1.71 inches, 43.4 mm
Peavine Ridge: 1.41 inches, 35.8 mm
Riverton: 1.23 inches, 31.2 mm
Placerville farm: 0.28 inches, 7.1 mm
Sacramento home: 0.06 inches, 1.5 mm
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 11, 2018, 04:40:33 AM
Robert,
I don`t know what to admire more - the Tithonia or the butterflies!

Gerd

Gerd,

I have been following your postings of autumn blooming Narcissus. They are very fascinating. I wish that I was up to speed on the topic and could offer intelligent questions on the subject. It will be a number of years before I see flowers on any of the small seedlings I have coming along of these interesting autumn blooming species. Thank you for sharing the photographs and the information.

Any good fortune or news regarding Viola pluviae?
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Gerdk on October 11, 2018, 09:27:46 AM
Gerd,
I have been following your postings of autumn blooming Narcissus. They are very fascinating. I wish that I was up to speed on the topic and could offer intelligent questions on the subject. It will be a number of years before I see flowers on any of the small seedlings I have coming along of these interesting autumn blooming species. Thank you for sharing the photographs and the information.

Any good fortune or news regarding Viola pluviae?

Thank you Robert! Concerning the violet I'll send a pm.

Gerd
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 13, 2018, 05:42:28 AM
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Friday, 12 October 2018

I had a few hours in the mountains today. The weather was pleasant, autumn-like.

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The skies were clear and it was breezy. At one of my favorite sites near Gerle Creek I have a number of data loggers.

Weather 2:00 p.m. 12 October:
High: 62 F, 16.7 C
Low: 46 F, 7.8 C
Wind: East 6G13 mph

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It is a shame I do not have time to look around. Many interesting plant species grow on this ridge.

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Autumn is slowly arriving. The California Black Oaks, Quercus kelloggii, are starting to turn color.

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Another scene with Quercus kelloggii framed with Pinus jeffreyi in the background and Arctostaphylos patula in the foreground.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 13, 2018, 05:46:16 AM
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Water is still flowing in the South Fork of the Rubicon River.

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It is nice to see water flowing again in Lyons Creek. Today I remembered to check the water temperature, 50.1 F, 10.1 C. Over at the South Fork of Silver Creek I recorded a similar water temperature, 49.9 F, 9.9 C. One of these days I will get a soil temperature, soil moisture content data recorder setup in this area. The data will most likely be very revealing.

Weather roundup for Lyons Creek, 12 October 2018:

High: 58 F, 14.4 C
Low: 38 F, 3.3 C
Relative Humidity: 38%
Dew Point: 27 F, -2.8 C
Wind: East 6G14 mph
There was 0.10 inches, 2.5 mm of precipitation from the storm on 10 October. The season total now stands at 1.81 inches, 46.0 mm.

Weather forecasting is fun.  ;D  I am still working on my micro/mesoscale forecasting skills. The Skew –T charts are extremely useful. Based on the 12Z Oakland and Reno radiosonde data it appears like it will be a cool evening in the Lyons Creek Basin. In addition, this evening the surface winds have decoupled from the 500 mb. upper airflow and are nearly calm. Based on the radiosonde data, my own crude estimates based on the temperature changes observed on the car thermometer and altitude readings from my GPS, the dry adiabatic lapse rate is indicative of a stable lower level atmosphere. There may be some mixing near the boundary layer of the NE 500 mb flow. I expect low temperatures in the Lyons Creek Basin to be in the 26 to 29 F range tonight. I expect similar high temperatures tomorrow in the Lyons Creek Basin, 58 to 61 F.

On the larger synoptic scale I see no rain in the next 7 days. I watch the 500 mb and surface charts from the northeastern Pacific closely. It appears that California will remain under a northern air flow, more or less, during this time period. The only questions are how strong the surface winds might be, and how cold the nights will be. Daytime high temperatures will be above average.

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Slowly many species are starting to show good autumn leaf color. Cornus sericea ssp. sericea is starting to turn red. At lower elevations the leaves of Cornus nuttallii are also turning nice crimson shades.

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A close up view of Cornus sericea ssp. serciea with it reddish autumn leaves.

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The Quaking Aspens, Populus tremuloides, are starting to look great. This specimen a bit unusual with orange-red leaves. Most often Aspens are seen with bright golden yellow autumn foliage.

With the help of God I will be able to get out again soon and record some of the autumn colors in the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 15, 2018, 05:03:37 AM
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13 October 2018

I had a few hours in the Sierra Nevada yesterday, 13 October.

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It was a beautiful day to be in the mountains, even if it was only for a short time.

The weather this October is very similar to October of last year. Early in the month we had some cool temperatures and a bit of rainfall. Other than that, temperatures have been well above average for this time of year and very similar to the warm dry conditions that prevailed last October.

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The autumn leaf colors have been very slow to develop this year. Pacific Dogwood, Cornus nuttallii, can have wonderful red autumn foliage. One can see that this tree is uncertain which direction to go (both red and green leaves). Many trees are still undecided if they want to go dormant.

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Ribes roezlii var. roezlii can have very nice autumn foliage. The red fruits are also attractive if the wildlife leaves any.

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Most California Black Oak, Quercus kelloggii, have leaves that turn yellow in the autumn. I always note trees that have red autumn leaves.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 15, 2018, 05:05:59 AM
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Except for the deer hunters, the high country is very quiet and peaceful this time of year. This is a nice scene of Wilson Meadow.

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The water is still flowing in Lyons Creek. I was very pleased to get the weather forecast correct for the Lyons Creek Basin, 13 October, High 62 F, 16.7 C and Low 27 F, -2.8 C.

The nighttime low temperatures have been very mild throughout the region this October. On 12 October of last year I recorded 19 F, -7.2 C in the Lyons Creek Basin. So far to date, 27 F, -2.8 C, is the lowest temperature I have recorded in the Basin. I am sure the temperature was below 27 F last night. I hope to check the data loggers tomorrow and find out. There may have been 0 C on at the Peavine Ridge site too.

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Many of the Aspen, Populus tremuloides, are looking great at this time.

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Another nice looking Aspen.

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The bark on Aspen is also very beautiful.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 15, 2018, 05:08:47 AM
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The structure of the rocks can be very interesting and beautiful. Much of the yellow lichens on this rock outcropping are a Rhizocarpon species. They are very common on rocks in this part of the Sierra Nevada. Sometimes large rock faces are colored yellow-green with the Rhizocarpon lichens. One of these days I will spot test the lichens to determine them to the species level.

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In this scene one can see the deciduous trees starting to turn color on the far slope.

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In the foreground are California Black Oaks, Quercus kelloggii, with a hint of color.

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On the far ridge, there is a stand of Quaking Aspen, Populus tremuloides that has turned bright golden yellow.

There is also one tiny convective cloud! The cloudy and stormy weather is down in Southern California. A bit of moisture trickled into our area. It was not much, as the cloud disappeared almost as quickly as it formed.

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The nascent inflorescences of Greenleaf Manzanita, Arctostaphylos patula, are so very beautiful.

At the time of this writing, we are experiencing a strong dry north wind event. Gust of over 20 mph were recorded in the Sacramento area this afternoon. Since then the wind speeds have increased considerably. The pressure gradient has increased. I checked the 850 mb winds and it appears we will continue to experience strong winds for the next 20 hours or so.

With this, I will sign off.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 16, 2018, 01:41:33 PM
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15 October 2018

I was a beautiful day in the Sierra Nevada yesterday. It was still a bit breezy at times, however the most intense wind gust abated before dawn. Autumn is finally arriving with nice autumn leaf colors and cool nights.

The water levels on both the South Fork of Silver Creek and Lyons Creek are beginning to fall again. I checked the check dam at Wrights Lake (pictured) and found that the drainpipe had been turned off. This partly explains the dropping water level on the South Fork of Silver Creek. The dry weather since the last storm also accounts for the drop in the stream flow too. Monitoring the moisture content in the soil in some key locations could be very revealing.

The water temperatures in both streams is falling quickly:

Lyons Creek
12 Oct. 50.1 F   10.1 C
15 Oct. 46.0 F    7.8 C
   -4.1 F      -2.3 C

South Fork of Silver Creek
12 Oct. 49.8 F   9.9 C
15 Oct. 46.5 F   8.1 C
   -3.3 F      -1.7 C

The mild weather will continue for the next 7 days or so. In the high country, on the western slope of the Crystal Range there will be clear skies with warm days and cool night. The afternoon breezes will lighten as the week progresses. Expect high temperatures in the Lyons Creek Basin to be 57 to 63 F and lows 25 to 22 F. The first few days in the forecast period will still be a bit breezy, however as the pressure gradient continues to fall, the afternoon breezes will be less gusty.

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I will leave with this close up view of a Rhizocarpon lichen. They are very common in this part of the Sierra Nevada.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 18, 2018, 02:33:28 PM
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17 October 2018

It was another beautiful day in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. There has been just enough cool weather for many of the trees to have brilliant autumn leaves. From this view in the canyon of the South Fork of the American River, the colorful deciduous trees can be seen on the opposite side of the canyon.

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Here is a closer view of the Big-leaf Maples, Acer macrophyllum, with their brilliant yellow autumn leaves.

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The Big-leaf Maples tend to inhabit semi-shady sites near the bottom of canyons and side canyons where there is a more reliable source of subterranean moisture.

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The coloring deciduous trees can be seen in the distance on Big Hill. This scene is from a higher elevation. The deciduous trees are most likely California Black Oaks, Quercus kelloggii. One can be seen in the foreground, left, starting to turn color. California Black Oaks enjoy drier terrain than Big-leaf Maple.

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This is another view of the Crystal Basin. From this view, the forest appears to be a continuous stand of coniferous trees. The California Black Oaks inhabit a distinct habitat niche, generally thermal belts where temperatures tend to be higher on cold nights when there is a great deal of radiant cooling.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on October 18, 2018, 02:36:27 PM
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At a higher elevation is Wilson Meadow. California Black Oaks are not found at this site.

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This is another view of Wilson Meadow. At this elevation Quaking Aspen, Populus tremuloides, can provide a great deal of spectacular autumn color. There are not any in the vicinity of Wilson Meadow. I did post some colorful Aspen photographs on a previous posting.

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Wilson Meadow has a very distinct history. It is not one of my focused study areas, so I do not gather a lot of detailed data from this site. Wilson Meadow is easily accessible; a well-traveled and popular road follows part of its margin. The meadow ecosystem is extremely fascinating, however I gather data from smaller more remote meadows at various elevations that do not have a great deal of human activity pressure.

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This view of the South Fork of Silver Creek gives the impression that there is a high volume of water flowing in the creek. This is not the case. This is just one of many standing pools of water. Along other portions of the creek the water is scarcely flowing.

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The winds have slowly abated during the last 24 to 36 hours in the high country. I currently make micro scale 4-day weather forecast for various study sites on the west slope. At the Placerville farm, I have 40 years of meteorological data and experience. At this site the forecasts are generally spot-on accurate. At my study sites on the western slope of the Crystal Range my accuracy diminishes. The forecasts are a fanatic learning tool as I learn the nuances of each micro-climate and observe how various plant and animal species have adjusted to each specific site.

On a longer time frame and synoptic scale, it appears a weather pattern change will be arriving in our area. It appears that a long wave tough pattern will develop at some point next week. A period of rainfall, and maybe some high elevation snow, would be very welcome.

Stay tuned……….

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 02, 2018, 01:44:18 PM
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The refraction of sunlight through high altitude ice crystals created this “rainbow” halo over our Sacramento home. The cirrus cloud deck at, + or  -, 400 mb was beautiful and a harbinger of change. It has been over 2 months since I have last been able to have an all day botanical outing. The prospects of an outing within the next 30 days have improved. In the mean time I will share some of my meteorological data.

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The last portion of October has been very dry in our part of California. This photograph of the Crystal Range was taken on 31 October 2018. The mountains are very dry!

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The autumn colors in the Sierra Nevada Mountains are still very nice.

Temperatures in our part of California were average for the month of October. The average temperature at our Sacramento home (23 ft) was 66.03 F, 18.91 C, 0.79 F (0.44 C) above the 10-year average. At the Placerville farm (1,460 ft) the average temperature was 60.28 F, 15.71 C, 0.76 F (0.42 C) below the 35-year average.

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The autumn colors will not last long at the higher elevations. The leaves are quickly dropping on this California Black Oak, Quercus kelloggii.

October was a very dry month. Except for some precipitation during the first week of October, there was no precipitation for the remaining portion of the month.

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As of 31 October 2018, Lessingia leptoclada is still blooming in portions of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

The weather highlight for the month of October was the weather event of October 10 and 11 on the western slope of the Crystal Range. I was in the mountains that day and was able to watch the convective clouds build and calculate the CCL (Convection Condensation Level, different from the LCL), based on the surface temperature and dew point. At 1:00 p.m., from visual observation, the afternoon the cumulus buildups showed no signs of an atmospheric cap. The clouds could have dissipated, however over the next hour conditions changed rapidly.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 02, 2018, 01:47:19 PM
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Some specimens of Salix scouleriana have excellent autumn leaf color. This Salix species grows in much drier environments than most of our other California native Salix species.

12 hours earlier a cold front moved through the backside of the northern Sierra Nevada Mountains. The trailing portion of the front most likely became stationary over the Crystal Range. The convective clouds I was observing quickly converged, as mesoscale cyclogenesis appeared to be occurring. Within less than an hour it was raining! I wish that I had weather stations set up surrounding this region to record barometric pressure and wind speed and direction. This would have been extremely helpful to confirm my hypothesis. As the rain stated to fall, within a few minutes small pea-sized hail began to fall. From the hail size I was able to calculate the updraft speed within the storm cell and make a crude guess of the CAPE value (Convective Available Potential Energy). Observing this storm was fun!

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The autumn leaves of Drymocallis glandulosa var. glandulosa can be very attractive.

Although precipitation amounts were light, the storm persisted into the following morning, 11 October. This was further evidence that my hypothesis of mesoscale cyclogenesis was based on sound field observations.

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The flow of Lyons Creek has become discontinuous again. Although there is still a fair amount of water in the channel, in places the creek is no longer flowing on the surface. It will not be long until freeze-up occurs. The water temperature was 39.4 F (4.1 C).

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The plants in the Lyons Creek Basin are dormant and ready for winter. Nighttime low temperatures have been ranging from 20 F to 30 F (-6.7 C to -1.1 C). The nighttime temperatures will continue to fall as winter approaches.

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Greenleaf Manzanita, Arctostaphylos patula, is also ready for winter. I enjoy the nascent inflorescences of Manzanita species.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 02, 2018, 01:49:39 PM
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This is another forest scene from the Lyons Creek Basin. This is a great time of year to be in the Sierra Nevada Mountain. Hunting season is over and it is extremely quiet.

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The dried fronds of Braken Fern, Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens, carpet the forest floor in places.

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In some locations the canyon sides are very beautiful.

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With good fortune, the mountains in this area will soon be covered with snow.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 04, 2018, 03:24:31 AM
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Dry warm weather continues to prevail in our part of Northern California. Temperatures have been running about 8 F (4.4 C) above average for this time of year, however the high temperatures are still well below record levels.

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Gerle Creek has a good flow of water. Most of the other small creeks and rivers in the Crystal Basin are running very low or are almost dry.

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This is another nice view of Gerle Creek near my fathers cabin. I spent much of my childhood running around the woods in this area.

At the Placerville farm today it was 74 F (23.3 C). Even in the Sierra Nevada temperatures were running in the 70’s F. In the Lyons Creek Basin (6,400 ft, 1,951 meters) the high today was 63 F (17.3 C); the low was 27 F (-2.8 C). This is far too warm for this time of year.

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Caregiving occupies much of my time right now. To keep my mind sharp I draw weather maps based on the water vapor satellite images. I started doing this when I was 12-years old (1967), minus the satellite images.

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I like to write in some of the pertinent surface observations before making a detailed mesoscale weather map of our region. This is basically a good part of the subjective weather forecasting method and it works well. My 4-day forecasts are generally very accurate, even for my observation sites in the Sierra Nevada. I make some guesses at days 5 to 7, but even the GFS (a computer run forecasting model) is too often wrong.

I never look at weather forecasts these days, including those made by the NWS (National Weather Service). My wife looks at the NWS forecasts and writes them down. We make a game of it to see who comes closer to the correct forecast, the NWS, my forecasts, or my wife (my wife wants rain, so that is her forecast). So far the NWS and I are having a tie. My wife is still waiting for rain and I am hoping the rain starts soon too. There is a hint on the latest GFS 500 mb maps of a change.

At some point things will change for me too and I will be out all day in the Sierra Nevada again.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 05, 2018, 04:09:18 PM
I have fairly good direct access to information and data concerning global climatology and global climate change (i.e. I can talk directly to climate scientists). In some fairly recent discussions, the topic of future precipitation trends in California was discussed. One theory is that future precipitation patterns will change. Northern California may receive more precipitation in the future, while Southern California may receive less. The topic of autumn rainfall trends was also discussed. It was suggested that the amount of autumn precipitation was declining, in particular the month of October. Below is a graph of October precipitation from 1985 to 2018 at our Placerville, California farm.

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Series 1 is the actual precipitation amounts for each October 1985 to 2018. In series 1 there is a trend toward increasing anomalous maximum precipitation events over the 33-year time period. In series 2, the data has been analyzed using boxcar averaging. In this series it appears that these is no definitive trend in the precipitation totals over the 33-year period. When the actual precipitation numbers are analyzed a 0.20-inch decline becomes apparent. This is an 11% decline over a 33-year period. This is a significant percentage.

Before coming to conclusions, data from many additional sites in California would need to be examined. In addition, archived data over a much longer period of time needs to be analyzed, however my data suggests that October rainfall is declining, especially over the 33-year period 1985 to 2018.

Fun!   ;D


Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 05, 2018, 05:25:21 PM
There is not much I can report on out in the field at this time.

My 4-day weather forecasts for the western slope of the Crystal Range from our Sacramento home to the Lyons Creek Basin may be entertaining. Today, I will post Sacramento and the Lyons Creek Basin forecast, tomorrow Placerville and Peavine Ridge.

Monday, 5 November 2018, 1600 UTC

Sacramento (home near Sacramento River), 23 feet
Monday, High: 79 F, Low: 50 F
Wind: NW 5-10
Periods of high clouds

Tuesday, High: 79 F, Low: 50 F
Wind: NW 8-12
Periods of high clouds

Wednesday, High: 81 F, Low: 52 F
Wind: NW 5-10
Periods of high clouds

Thursday, High: 80 F, Low 52 F
Winds: NW 8-12
Periods of high clouds

Lyons Creek Basin, 6,622 feet

Monday, High: 60 F, Low: 25 F
Winds: NE 4-7
Periods of high clouds

Tuesday, High: 60 F, Low 25 F
Winds: NW 8 -12
Periods of high clouds

Wednesday, High 62 F, Low 27 F
Winds: NE 4-7
Periods of high clouds

Thursday, High 61 F, Low 27 F
Winds: NW 8-12
Periods of high clouds

The 4-day period will be dominated by a northwestern upper air flow with periods of high level moisture advection. During day 3 and 4 the upper level high-pressure axis will slowly center over the state bringing slightly warmer temperatures. There will be periods of gusty northerly winds as the surface pressure gradient remains somewhat high and there are periods of 500 mb jet support.

About day 7, there is a hint of a weather change that may bring an increased chance of precipitation to our area.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 06, 2018, 02:21:37 PM
Today’s 4-day weather forecasts for Placerville (farm) and Peavine Ridge, California.

Updated Tuesday, 5 November 2018, 1400 UTC

Placerville (farm), 1,460 feet

Tuesday, High: 74 F, Low: 37 F
Wind: NW 8-12
Periods of high clouds

Wednesday, High: 75 F, Low: 37 F
Wind: NW 4-7
Periods of high clouds

Thursday, High: 76 F, Low 39 F
Winds: NW 8-12
Periods of high clouds

Friday, High: 75 F, Low: 39 F
Wind: SW 2-5
Periods of high clouds



Peavine Ridge, 5,124 feet

Tuesday, High: 72 F, Low 32 F
Winds: NW 8 -12
Periods of high clouds

Wednesday, High 73 F, Low 34 F
Winds: SW 5-10
Periods of high clouds

Thursday, High 73 F, Low 35 F
Winds: N 8-12
Periods of high clouds

Friday, High: 73 F, Low: 35 F
Winds: SW 8-12
Periods of high clouds
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 07, 2018, 01:53:42 PM
I have made a few adjustments to the 5 November, 1600 UTC forecasts for Sacramento and the Lyons Creek Basin. I have adjusted the high temperature range down a few degrees.

The 5 November 1400 UTC forecasts for Placerville and Peavine Ridge still looks good.

If I get feedback that the forecasts are of interest I will keep posting them as I can (maybe once a week or so). Ideally I update the forecasts twice a day, but once a day is most often what is realistic. I do have to work and do other things, although weather forecasting might be an interesting paying job for me. With hazardous weather I monitor the situation every hour. Yes, I sleep!   ;D  So needless to say, I am not checking the weather a night while I sleep. That would be something if I could!  ;D   :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 09, 2018, 05:34:25 PM
SHOCKING NEWS from Northern California:


The town of Paradise in the Northern California foothills has been completely destroyed by a wildfire. I am sure you can find details on the Internet. At this time the fire is still completely out of control. Currently loss of life, property, etc. is not known.

The strong northerly winds that increased the magnitude of the wildfire are starting to abate; however the atmosphere is still extremely dry. K index values in our area are in the - 45 to - 33 range suggesting an extremely dry atmosphere at the 850 mb to 700 mb levels. Atmospheric PW (precipitable water) values are extremely low.

The reprieve from strong dry northerly winds may be short lived. At this time it appears there could be a return of windy conditions on Sunday. At this time it appears that the core of the strong winds will be to the north and east of our area, however this could easily shift between now and Sunday. Sunday will be windy. At this time the question is how strong the winds will become. At this time it appears that they will not be as strong as they were yesterday.

In the mean time we need rain and snow. There is no good news on this front during the next 7 days. On Tuesday a weak wave will past through our area. It appears that there will be enough PVA (Positive Vorticity Advection) to create some cloudiness. This is about it.

I do see changes. The MJO (Madden Julian Oscillation) is on the move again. What this might mean to our region is uncertain, however it does suggest change of some sort. In addition, the ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) index has advanced to 0.4. Surface ocean temperatures in the east-central tropical Pacific are 1.0 C warmer than the long term average, however the atmospheric response that characterize El Nino have not become apparent. At this time there is an 80% chance that an El Nino will start late this year and continue into the spring. We will see what El Nino conditions bring.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on November 09, 2018, 08:52:45 PM
Terrible news- amongst news of other fires and more shooting in the USA.  Very sad times.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 10, 2018, 06:01:52 AM
The situation in the town of Paradise is very grim. Not much is left of the town today, 9 November. The central downtown portion of Paradise has been burned to the ground. The streets are clogged with burned out cars, like a war zone, as people attempted to escape the flames. Tens of thousands are without a home or work as the fire destroyed many businesses. Many are missing or dead. I have lived in Northern California for 63 years and I have never seen anything like this, except the fire that burned through parts of Santa Rosa last year.

As of this evening the fire is only 5% contained and is burning through the town of Magalia. Tomorrow the winds look to be light, which will help firefighters. Unfortunately, it appears that another round of strong winds will arrive sometime late Saturday. The server with the 500 mb maps is down (maybe everyone is wanting to look), so I can only guess at the trajectory of the next round of winds and cold air advection. Looking at the latest water vapor satellite image, it still looks like the brunt of this event will travel to our northeast into the Great Basin region of the U.S.A. Still the northeast pressure gradient looks to be strong. Winds will still be very strong and this will not help firefighting efforts.

[attachimg=1]

This is a scene of the Camp Fire smoke (burning Paradise) as seen from Peavine Ridge today, 9 November.

With all the recent and very destructive wildfires in Northern California, there has been much talk about the influence of global climate change on our environment. I tend to agree that climate change is impacting Northern California, however I also believe we are now paying a price for our past environmental indiscretions.

Many fail to remember the impact the California gold rush and early settlement had on our state’s environment (and the Silver boom in neighboring Nevada along the California border). During the gold rush (1849 into the 1900’s) huge tracts of oak and pine forest were cut for fuel and building timber. Sometimes tracts of forest were burned just to find potential gold veins. Human set wildfires often burned for months until they were extinguished by autumn rainfall. Thickets of highly flammable chaparral have now replaced many of the once forested tracts. The low elevation Ponderosa Pine forest are gone or much reduced. Thousands of acres of oak woodland were cut to become pastureland or cropland. Hydraulic mining stripped to soil from of thousands of acres of land. The scars from hydraulic mining are still very evident to this day. Often little or nothing grows on these sites.

Also, during this time period the California perennial bunch grass ecosystem was, more or less, completely destroyed and replaced by invasive annual grasses, such as Bromus (various species), Elymus caput-medusae, Medusa Head, Hordeum species, Avena species, etc. Unfortunately these species burn very easily and hot. Our native perennial bunch grasses stay somewhat green all year and do not burn as hot or easily.

For thousands of years after the last Ice Age, Native American people kept the land renewed and reduced of overgrowth with judicious use of fire. Since the genocide of the Native Californians this knowledge has been lost, or is not shared outside their community.

Past logging practices have highly impacted our forest. I am not apposed to logging, however many logging practices, past and present, are questionable. Some forestry practices, such as monoculture forestry, the widespread use of herbicides, etc. seems risky and destructive of a diverse balanced forest ecosystem. Years of fire suppression has led to the build up of fuel and dangerous overgrowth in our forest leading to catastrophic wildfires.

California’s past ecosystem patterns have been highly altered by past actions, especially during the gold rush, and the effects linger to this day. Many of our ecosystems have come to a new state of equilibrium, which in many cases is conducive of destructive wildfires. A great deal of wisdom and knowledge will be required to reestablish balance to the environment so destructive wildfires are less of a threat. Even more effort and compromise will be required to maintain an environment that is also inclusive of many more and diverse life forms.

[attachimg=2]

I was very quiet in the mountains today. This is a scene of Wilson Meadow waiting for the winter snowfall to arrive.

[attachimg=3]

Freeze up is starting to occur on Lyons Creek.

[attachimg=4]

The ice is still thin, 7mm thick. Temperatures are running about 23 F (-5 C) at night in the Lyons Creek Basin. Tonight I except temperatures to be in the upper teens F.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 14, 2018, 04:55:19 AM
Tuesday, 13 November 2018

A gloomy stratum of smoke persisted over our region today. The Camp Fire has left the towns of Paradise, and Magalia, California in ashes. 42 are known dead, and hundreds are still missing. Over 6,500 homes and business have burned to the ground. The fire destroyed much of the city infrastructure, water, power, sewer, and telephone. There are no longer any city services or public service. Banks, grocery stores, petro stations, hospitals, fire departments, police, and all the other services we think of being always available are gone or have been seriously disrupted. Those that have escaped the flames may have no home, auto, and job – nothing but the clothing they were wearing. Needless to say the Camp Fire is (it is still burning) the most deadly and destructive wildfire in California’s history.

Currently, weather conditions are stagnant. This leads to a tremendous amount of smoke in our area, but the relatively calm wind conditions are also helping firefighting efforts. I see very little change in the weather conditions over the next 7 days. Rain would be very helpful, however any change to rainy weather looks to be beyond 7-day horizon at this time.

In addition to the tremendous human and domestic animal suffering, the flames have touched a number of prime botanical locations. Several years ago I posted my trip to the Feather River Canyon near the hamlet of Pulga. This is where the fire erupted. Prime habitat for some unusual forms of Erythronium, Calochortus, and other species was burned over. Most likely these species have survived the flames and may even benefit in the aftermath. In the future, I was hoping to revisit favorite sites from my young adulthood, Whiskey Flat, Butte Creek Canyon, and Little Chico Creek Canyon. All these sites were places I visited frequently in my youth and explored botanically. I have to admit that it cuts deeply to contemplate that these scared places to my heart will be scarred for decades.

As the current governor of California recently stated, our wildfire “problem” will not be easy to solve and will likely get worse. Forest and brush thinning can certainly help reduce wildfire potential, however highly altered ecosystems and the consequences of past anthropogenic ecological indiscretions are much more difficult to address and in many instances nearly impossible to correct.

At this time those that lost their homes, livelihood and more need help.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 15, 2018, 02:30:23 PM
15 November 2018, 1300 UTC

[attachimg=1]

Thick smoke from the Camp Fire filled the air yesterday. This photograph was taken on the crest of Peavine Ridge at approximately 5,100 feet (1,554 meters). The cap / inversion layer had been fluctuating between, + or -, 975 mb and 950 mb, over the past few days keeping much of the Sacramento Valley in dense thick smoke. Yesterday the lower cap, sort of, broke down and the smoke moved up to the 825 mb level with thick smoke in many higher mountain regions. This showed up well on the 0200 UTC Sacramento GEOS satellite sounding as well as my manual temperature observations in the area. In Sacramento it was 62 F, while on Peavine Ridge it was 63 F. The smoke drifted into even higher elevations, aided by the “canyon effect” mountain winds.

[attachimg=2]

With consistently cold nights, the South Fork of Silver Creek is starting to freeze up. The ice is now 26 mm thick and the water temperature below the ice is 36.0 F (2.2 C).

[attachimg=3]

Temperatures in the Lyons Creek Basin have been running in the upper teens F to lower 20’s F (-7.8 C to -5.6 C) at night.

I keep checking the long range GFS forecast, hoping for a change to rainy weather. There is not a lot of run-to-run consistency out in the 6 to 7 day range. Maybe rain next Saturday? Nothing looks good so far. Rain and snow would certainly clear the air of smoke and help the firefighters.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 16, 2018, 04:42:53 AM
16 November 2018, 1600 UTC

Persistent dense, very unhealthy smoke prevailed all day in the Sacramento Valley. In the foothills east of the Sacramento Valley the smoke was less dense today. I see no change in the stagnant conditions over the next 6 days. There is a slight chance that a northeastern pressure gradient may develop on Sunday as a trough passes off to the east. It is possible that this could bring us some light northeasterly winds, especially in the Northern Sierra Nevada / Southern Cascade Ranges (not a good thing for firefighters). This weather event is contingent on high level convergence developing in the southeastern Oregon region bring surface high pressure, thus a good pressure gradient toward Northern California. At this time, it appears that there will not be much upper air support for this event. Sunday is still 3 days away and conditions could change.

Farther out, in the 7-day time frame, I finally see a chance for precipitation in our area! This is a long way out, however I will stick my neck out and forecast some much needed rain and maybe some high elevation snow in the Sierra Nevada. My reasoning is: The MJO has become active again, especially since about 1 November. This certainly changes the convergence-divergence dynamics in equatorial regions, which in turn effects the weather dynamics elsewhere. There are other global meteorological oscillations such as the Polar Oscillation, as well as the well-known ENSO, etc. How they impact our weather on a mesoscale (i.e. the western slope of the Crystal Range) is something I am investigating.

There is some hope I will have an outing sometime in the next 2 weeks or so. This is long overdue. Stay tuned.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: ian mcdonald on November 16, 2018, 02:48:13 PM
I wish you rain Robert.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 16, 2018, 08:10:17 PM
Ian,

Rain will be great, however the immediate weather concern is the forecasted wind event in the Northern Sierra Nevada Mountains (and Southern Cascade Range) on Saturday night – Sunday. Wind, especially strong wind, will hamper the Camp Fire firefighting efforts. At this point, the forecast could go, 50 -50, either direction. Currently, I am using nowcasting techniques (hourly, frequent monitoring) to see how this weather event evolves.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 17, 2018, 06:11:43 PM
Now it looks like the winds will increase in the Camp Fire area late Saturday into Sunday!  :(
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: fermi de Sousa on November 18, 2018, 04:23:50 AM
Hi Robert,
Such terrible news coming through about the horrendous loss of life.
So sorry to hear this - and we are about to enter our fire season, which leaves me with a feeling of dread.
Now the blame game is starting too, which will help no one!
Regards
fermi
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 18, 2018, 05:17:44 PM
Hi Robert,
Such terrible news coming through about the horrendous loss of life.
So sorry to hear this - and we are about to enter our fire season, which leaves me with a feeling of dread.
Now the blame game is starting too, which will help no one!
Regards
fermi

Hi Fermi,

Yes, the situation is horrendous. I have never seen anything like this before in Northern California.

I also agree that blaming is a waste of time. The solution is very complex. We need to roll up our sleeves and try the best to help all those effected by the fire. This will take years. We also need to work constructively toward ameliorating future wildfire dangers. This is highly complex and I fear that much energy will be wasted arguing over how to proceed, or the wildfire fear will be used as a smoke screen for massive commercial logging. Logging and brush clearing in itself would not have stopped the Camp Fire. Simplistic solutions might look good but will not work.

I certainly hope your wildfire season is not as destructive as this season in Northern California. I know that wildfires are a major concern in your area.

At this time we are having to deal with day after day dense smoke throughout much of Northern California. Not good for anything, including the plants in the garden.  :P

So far, widespread east and northeast winds have not developed. The exception is in the North Fork of the Feather River Canyon, exactly where the Camp Fire started. At Jarbo Gap (in general a windy location) the wind is currently 23 mph, gusting to 35. At another nearby RAWS station the wind is 14, gusting to 21. At all other nearby locations the winds are light. There is a good east to west pressure gradient, about 5 mb, however there is not strong 500 mb support. From what I can determine, it appears the possibilities of strong winds will increase through today (Sunday). Other dynamics are in action that will hopefully reduce the likelihood of strong winds. We are just going to have to see what happens over the next 24 to 36 hours.

Later this week it finally looks like we will get much needed rain!

I hope you fair well this summer season.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 19, 2018, 06:44:30 PM
For the most part, there were not widespread strong east to northeast winds yesterday in the northern Sierra Nevada Mountains and foothills.... except in the area of the Camp Fire. This was the last thing we needed!

As of the moment, no news on the Camp Fire, however the situation appears to be improving.

The good new is that the weather is finally starting to change. A cut-off low is digging into Southern California and we are coming under a southwestern air flow. Widespread rain and the first mountain snow looks to be arriving by late Wednesday into Thursday. This is great news!  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on November 19, 2018, 07:11:53 PM
Goodness knows how long it will take to repair all the damage  done by these awful fires.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 20, 2018, 07:55:10 PM
Firefighters were able to hold the fire lines during the localized wind event on Sunday. Today the weather continues its change toward a more rainy pattern. Currently, the smoke has cleared a great deal and the sun is out with mostly clear skies.

Maggi,

I have know idea how it will be for many of the folks that live(d) in Paradise, California. There is nothing left of the town, no schools, no business, etc. All the infrastructure is gone, power, water, sewer, telephone, petro. Many were lucky to survive with their lives. They have no auto, home, work, money, clothing, except what they were wearing. It will take years to rebuild. I have never seen anything like this before.  :'(
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on November 29, 2018, 04:38:46 PM
[attachimg=1]

My wife and I were on Peavine Ridge yesterday. The storm clouds in the canyon were beautiful. There was a considerable amount of convective cloudiness in the Sierra Nevada with heavy downpours of rain at time. The snow level was still quite high, about 6,500 feet.

Right now I have a huge work load with some deadlines that need to be met, however I will report more soon.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 04, 2018, 05:57:39 AM
[attachimg=1]

We finally had our first significant snowfall of the season in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Today I drove up to a few of my observation sites to have a look around.

The first traces of snow appeared at about 2,800 feet (853 meters). At my first stop at 3,625 feet (1,105 meters) I measured 6.5 cm of snow on the ground, with a liquid equivalent of 0.54 inches (13.7 mm) of precipitation. The temperature was 37 F (2.8 C), with low temperatures running 26 F to 22 F (-3.3 C to -5.6 C). Unless there is some warm air advection, the snow should hang around for a while. This would be great and much better than last season when there was very little snow until March.

[attachimg=2]

There was much more snow on the crest of Peavine Ridge, 5,146 feet (1,569 meters). Here I measured a snow depth of 26 cm. Here temperatures have been running 18 F to 13 F (-7.8 C to -10.6 C) the last few nights. Daytime high temperatures have been close to freezing. The temperatures and snow depths are more typical of 20 years ago for this elevation, especially if the snow hangs around and continues to accumulate.

[attachimg=3]

Currently there is a cut-off low moving slowly down the California coast. It appears that it will slowly move inland in Southern California. The dynamics for precipitation are fairly weak in our area. There is a good chance we will see nothing more than overcast skies over the next few days. The best chance of precipitation in our area currently appears to be on Wednesday. There is a bit of warm air advection, so if there is any light precipitation it will be rain at the lower elevations, and snow above maybe 5,500 feet, + or -.

The GFS forecast is for a stronger storm to move into the area Monday and Tuesday. With this storm there will be more warm air advection before colder air arrives. This is all, more or less, a best guess this far out. Conditions change rapidly during the winter months. Tomorrow the forecast could be for clear skies next Monday-Tuesday. Stay tuned…

Anyway, this is a good start to the precipitation and snow season. We are quickly moving back to average precipitation to date. If the current forecast for the ENSO holds we may have a warmer, more southern storm track (southern jet stream) later in the season. If this pans out we could end up with above average precipitation for the season, but with very high snow levels. Low snow levels and snow that lingers is highly beneficial in many ways. The added moisture lingering into the spring would help ameliorate our current wildfire dangers. Of coarse, I record and analysis the interaction of weather/climatic conditions with our native flora and ecosystems. Time will tell.

Stay tuned for the next report…
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 06, 2018, 05:49:17 AM
[attachimg=1]

I was back on Peavine Ridge today measuring the snow.

Over the last 40 to 50 years, snow levels have been rising in our part of California. During the 1970’s it would snow on rare occasions in Sacramento. Thinking about it, the last time it snowed in Sacramento may have been about 1975. At the farm in the Sierra Nevada foothills, it snows less often, the snow does not linger as in the past, and it rarely accumulates over an inch or so.

Despite the fact that it snowed this morning on the crest of Peavine Ridge, the snow depth declined to 20.5 cm. In addition, the liquid equivalent of the snow also declined to 1.20 inches. I have a baseline from last year’s measurements, so I will see how this season compares. The behavior of the winter snow pack influences soil hydrology, the vegetation, and even meso/micro scale weather events in the region.

The good news is that I am not detecting large amounts of pollution in the precipitation in the Sierra Nevada. Sacramento is a mess! The effects of nitrogen oxide compounds (basically auto exhaust) that precipitate out of the atmosphere in the rain can be seen everywhere. Candelaria and Xanthomendoza lichens (they like nitrogen rich environments) are extremely prolific in the Sacramento area. Overgrowth of vegetation on depleted soils is also evident. The excessive nitrogen compounds alter plant metabolism. Stressed trees lead to frequent outbreaks of aphids and other insect pests.

With the recent storms in our area, we are slowly moving toward average precipitation to date. Currently I see mixed signals for more precipitation over the next 7 to 8 days. The AO (Arctic Oscillation) is approaching neutral. Although the ENSO Index (El Niño Southern Oscillation) has advanced, there still does not seem to be a large atmospheric response to the increase in SSTs (Surface Sea Temperatures) at this time. Presently, it appears that two waves with precipitation will move through our area during the Monday – Tuesday time frame. I certainly hope so! We need the rain.


Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: ArnoldT on December 06, 2018, 02:54:32 PM
Robert:

Interesting connection.  Nitrogen from car exhaust contributing to increases nitrogen in rainfall increasing  growth of fuel for fires.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 07, 2018, 08:06:38 PM
Hi Arnold,

Nice to hear from you.  :)   8)

I have not found any relationship between the nitrogen oxide type components of the air pollution, the overgrowth of grasses, and wildfires in Northern California.

The air pollution problems in the city of Sacramento are glaringly obvious. On many days, a cap or inversion layer can be seen holding a dark grime of polluted air over the city. The symptoms of excessive atmospheric nitrogen oxide type pollutants can easily be observed throughout the area.

There are many variables that interact to create our current wildfire situation. Climatic change and invasive plant species (annual grasses, etc.) are two important variables, however there are additional issues that need to be address.

Here are a few interesting statistics:

In November 2018, the average temperature at the Placerville farm was 51.90 F (11.06 C), 1.58 F (0.88 C) above the 40-year average.

In November 2018, the average temperature at our Sacramento home was 55.10 F (12.8 C), 0.56 F (0.31 C) above the 10-year average.

In November 2018, the average temperature on Peavine Ridge was 46.12 F (7.84 C).

Currently precipitation is running 69% of average to date.

I am hoping that the atmosphere starts responding to the above average SSTs in the eastern equatorial Pacific. This will indicate the onset of El Niño conditions and hopefully above average precipitation in our part of Northern California. The down side of El Niño generated precipitation in our area is above average snow levels. A change back to a consistent snow pack that is thick, low and lingers is desperately needed to help ameliorate our long-standing drought and wildfire issues.

In the short term, a weakening storm system will approach Northern California in the late Sunday – Monday time frame. Currently it appears that we will receive some light precipitation from this storm, however the dynamics do not look promising. Our next chance of precipitation looks to be around 15 December. Much could change between now and 15 December. Currently the AO (Arctic Oscillation) Index is positive 1.5. This is generally not a good indication for much in the way of future precipitation for our part of California. Specific forecasting beyond day 4 is still very problematic. I am hoping for the best.

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 08, 2018, 06:04:25 AM
Friday, 7 December 2018

0600 UTC

[attachimg=1]

It was a pleasant afternoon on Peavine Ridge today. There were high clouds from a storm passing to our north, and it was a comfortable 48 F (8.9 C). The snow is melting, however there was still 17 cm on the ground with a liquid equivalent of 0.97 inches. Another storm will arrive late Sunday into Monday. At this time, it appears that it will be strong enough to produce some rainfall at the lower elevations and snow, perhaps as low as 5,000 feet. I am hoping that we will not lose the snow cover before the next substantial snow-producing storm arrives.

[attachimg=2]

To the south there was still a bit of wrap-around moisture from the cut-off low exiting Southern California. I calculated the LCL at 780 mb and judging from the cloud base this looked correct.

There was also a considerable amount of burning in the forest. This can be seen on the far ridge on the left side of the photograph. With the snow, light winds, and cool temperatures it was a perfect time to burn off excessive fuel in the forest.

[attachimg=3]

I am planning for the next season at this time. For a start, I have a running list of questions that I would like to answer. The relationship and dynamics between our native perennial bunch grasses (and other native perennial species), climate change, and the encroachment of non-native species is of great concern to me. The theory in my head is that to help reduce the proliferation of catastrophic wildfires we need to maintain and enhance our native perennial ecosystems that carpet the forest floor, especially our native bunch grasses.

This is a typical scene on the lower portions of Peavine Ridge. In the foreground are clumps of a native bunch grass, Stipa lemmonii var. lemmonii. Mixed with the Needle Grass are small carpets of Bear Clover, Chamabatia foliolosa, and less amounts of Galium bolanderi. It is not a very diverse mixture of species, however they are well established on the site and more or less free of invasive species.

[attachimg=4]

The great thing about our native bunch grasses is that they stay green during all the seasons. Concerning fire, their flash point is much higher, making them much less susceptible to burning fast and easily.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 08, 2018, 06:06:44 AM
[attachimg=1]

There is no shortage of invasive grass species at this site. The dominant species in this stand (pictured) is Cynosurus echinatus. Unfortunately, there are many other invasive species in the vicinity and even in this stand. On the top of the list are nasty and aggressive invasive grasses such as Goat Grass, Aegilops triuncialis, Bromus diandrus, B. hordeaceus, B. tectorum, Medusa Head, Elymus caput-medusae, and Poa bulbosa ssp. vivipara. The flash point on these invasive species is very low. Once ignited, fire spreads very quickly and easily through stands of these invasive grass species.

[attachimg=2]

The invasive species issue is not limited to grasses. This stand, at the same site, contains the matted dried remains of Yellow Star-thistle, Centaurea solstitialis, another nasty invasive species. It too can burn easily once it becomes dry.

[attachimg=3]

I understand the principle and reasoning behind mechanical brush clearing. This site is adjacent to dense stands of all of the previously mentioned invasive species. Invasive species will germinate readily in the disturbed exposed mineral soil at this site. I will monitor the situation and see what I can learn from the situation. Perhaps my apprehension concerning the spread of invasive species and the fire dangers that accompany them is unfounded.

[attachimg=4]

In addition, I have to admit that I am concerned about the loss of species diversity. Some native shrubs, such as Indian Manzanita, Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. mewukka, will stump sprout after being cut or burned to the ground. There are many more species that many never return, especially if sites like this are over run with invasive species.

I even have great concern about the cultivated pines growing throughout the forest. From my perspective the monoculture appears to be very genetically uniform. If so, there could be a risk of an undesirable genetic bottleneck. If the pines share the same, or very similar, maternal parent the genetic risk becomes even greater. What happens when the pines reach reproductive maturity? Do we want highly genetically uniform pollen to dominant the entire forest? I do not think that it is desirable to eliminate all the detrimental genes from a land race. With climate change, what is detrimental now might provide survivability in a new climatic environment.

As you can see, I ask many questions. For me, this is part of what makes outings enjoyable and interesting for me.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 12, 2018, 06:17:12 AM
Wednesday, 12 December 2018
0500 UTC

[attachimg=1]

I was up on Peavine Ridge again, yesterday, 10 December. As one can see from the photograph the snow is quickly melting. At another location where I measure precipitation and snow depth, there was still 15.5 cm of snow on the ground. Unfortunately, there will be warm and sunny weather for the next two days. The snow is likely to be gone by Thursday. Changes in the patterns of the winter snow pack (and/or the lack of it) are an extremely important variable in the mountain ecology.

[attachimg=2]

A weak storm system was moving through the area, producing a few sprinkles and brief light showers. I measured no precipitation in any of my gauges.

In the next 7 days I do not see much in the way of precipitation for our area. It looks like both Friday and Monday there will be a possibility of some rain and mountain snow. The dynamics at this time do not look very promising for strong vigorous stormy weather.

Through the processes of teleconnction, changes in the atmospheric circulation around the globe can impact our local weather. SSTs in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific are above the El Niño threshold. At this time, the atmosphere is lagging in its response. There are a number of atmospheric indicators that can be monitored, which indicate that we are moving into an El Niño phase. There has not been much change, yet.

There are also other atmospheric patterns that can be monitored. At this time, I see nothing that will move us out of our current generally dryish pattern.

[attachimg=3]

Off to the north, the dynamics of the storm were a bit stronger, with a few rain showers.

[attachimg=4]

In this photograph, clearing skies can be seen on the horizon as the front slid through our region. Also on the far horizon, the top of a cap or inversion can be seen over California’s Central Valley. This is a very common feature of our weather during all seasons. During the winter months the cap can often hold dense fog in the valley, which at times can last for days. In the past, this was a common event during the winter, however patterns have change and persistent valley fog occurs less frequently.

[attachimg=5]

At this time, there is still a fair amount of snow at elevations above 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 12, 2018, 06:19:47 AM
[attachimg=1]

On the lower slopes of Peavine Ridge the snow has melted.

Since the 1860’s there has been an acceleration of anthropogenic induced change on Peavine Ridge that has impacted the ecology and flora. Many of the ingredients for a rich and diverse flora still exist on Peavine Ridge. There has been a great degree of fragmentation of this flora during the past 150, plus years. The introduction and spread of invasive plant species has aggravated the situation. Another variable has been climate change.

Bear Clover, Chamaebatia foliolosa, is a very common understory species on the ridge. The Cleveland Fire, 1992, burned much of the central portion of the ridge. In a few locations, mature forest stands survived the burn. The fire burned much of the understory vegetation at these sites without harming the tall mature conifers. At several of these sites, Bear Clover now carpets the forest floor with a diverse variety of other native species. Very few invasive plant species can be found at these sites. In addition, this vegetation pattern, for a number of reasons, is highly resistant to aggressive wildfires. The diversity, and co-existence, of other native species under these situations is impressive. Nature has her patterns to keep destructive wildfires in check. It seems like it would be wise to try to incorporate these principles into our land management processes.

[attachimg=2]

Hosackia crassifolia var. crassifolia is a fairly common species on Peavine Ridge. The dead stems of this perennial species can be seen throughout the lower and central portions of the ridge.

[attachimg=3]

Iris hartwegii ssp. hartwegii can also be quite common throughout the lower and midsections of the ridge. Plants from the higher elevations endure a lasting snow pack during the winter (or at least they did).

[attachimg=4]

Eriophyllum lanatum var. graniflorum is a beautiful species, especially when in bloom. At times, entire mountainsides can be seen covered with their bright yellow flowers.

[attachimg=5]

I will leave this discussion with a photograph of Phacelia imbricata ssp. imbricata. Both annual and perennial species of Phacelia can be found on Peavine Ridge.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 13, 2018, 04:08:27 AM
13 December 2018
0400 UTC

It appears that we will get a quick shot of rain on Friday afternoon and then a little stronger storm on Monday. In between there appears that there could be some very warm days for this time of year. A good example will be tomorrow. I checked the 850 mb temperatures for tomorrow and they indeed look on the warm side of things. The 500 mb flow also supports the warm temperatures. I'll check the 15TH tomorrow morning. Heights fell a bit today, however it looks as if this will reverse itself tomorrow.

I was up on Peavine Ridge again today. I have been working out a "best guess" skew-t for the site. So far, this project is generating logical and reasonable readings. It will be nice to have a "best guess" vertical profile of the atmosphere usable and ready to go for the summer monsoon season.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 14, 2018, 06:08:32 AM
Friday, 14 December 2018
0500 UTC

[attachimg=1]

There has been a marked climatic shift in our portion of Northern California over the past 50 years. After a slowing of the warming trend during the 1990’s, the average annual temperatures, again, began to slowly increase during the 2000’s. For the last 6 years there has been a very marked and rapid increase in our average annual temperatures. June 2014 to July 2015, with an average annual temperature of 62.18 F (16.77 C), was our warmest year since I began keeping records in 1967.

This trend expresses itself in other data. The above graph depicts the number of days at the Placerville farm with low temperatures < or = to 32 F (0 C) each year from 1988-89 to 2017-18. There is a clear trend toward fewer days with temperatures 32 F (0 C) or less each year. So far this winter we have recorded only 5 days with temperatures 32 F (0 C) or less. To date this autumn, the coldest recorded temperature has been 30 F (-1.1 C). This is definitely a highly anomalous event. In the past, temperatures in the mid-20’s F (-3 to -4 C) have been frequent occurrences during late November and early December.

Currently, the snow pack at the 5,000-foot level (1,524 meters) is 16 cm with a liquid equivalent of 1.50 inches. Although this is an improvement over last year (no snow cover at all), this is still much below average.

Over the past 50 years, there has been a marked trend toward warmer storms with higher snow levels in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. One theory I have encountered among climate scientists is that global climate change (warming) is affecting high mountainous regions at a faster rate than lower elevation sites within the same region. This would be something comparable to what we are currently observing in the polar regions of the planet. I recently found an article on the rapid shifts in vegetation in the arctic (when I find it again I will post the link). I have a keen interest in this topic as I have been gathering data in the Sierra Nevada to quantify the changes in ecosystems/vegetation I have been observing of the years. Despite some slowdowns late in this season, I have made good progress at specific sites in detailed mapping of “marker” species. With stormy weather, I will now shift some of my attention to the lower elevations in the Sierra Nevada Foothills. All of this information may be of keen interest to gardeners.

Today was a very interesting weather day here in Northern California. The 1400 UTC Sacramento GOES sounding showed a strong cap (inversion layer) over the Sacramento Valley. The 850 mb temperatures were running 5 C warmer than the valley floor. As the day progressed the cap slowly eased. By the end of the day our Sacramento home recorded a high temperature of 60 F (15.6 C). On Peavine Ridge, 5,146 feet (1,569 meters) the high temperature was also 60 F (15.6 C). Weather phenomena such as this are not uncommon in our area. On this morning, the weather was clear for the most part. If it had been foggy and stayed foggy in the Sacramento Valley, the high temperatures in Sacramento would have been much lower.

Tomorrow will be a busy day.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 14, 2018, 01:54:32 PM
Ah!  :)

I found the link to "Shrubs Takeover One Sign of Arctic Change".

https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/shrub-takeover-one-sign-arctic-change (https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/shrub-takeover-one-sign-arctic-change)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 15, 2018, 04:30:41 AM
13 December 2018
0400 UTC

It appears that we will get a quick shot of rain on Friday afternoon and then a little stronger storm on Monday. In between there appears that there could be some very warm days for this time of year.


Saturday, 15 December 2018
0400 UTC

The "Friday" front just passed through our area. It appears that parts of Sacramento got a trace of precipitation, Placerville none, as the moisture (what moisture there was  :P ) was shunted off to the north. After looking at the latest satellite image of the "Monday" storm, well I am not impressed as I see the front shred as it encounters negative vorticity advection, the front extends away from the parent low, and becomes negatively titled. I am sure that the NWS knows much better that I the fate of the next storm as it passes through our area, however the way I see it now we will be fortunate to get any precipitation from this storm. I certainly hope that I am wrong. We are dropping farther below average precipitation to date.

> ah  :) This morning (1400 UTC) I looked again at the satellite image of the next storm. It is coming together well and it looks like we are finally going to get a goodly amount of precipitation. Right now it appears that snow levels will be a bit high, maybe 5,500 feet. Right now I will take any precipitation that we can get.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 16, 2018, 05:41:24 AM
[attachimg=1]

I was up on Peavine Ridge both today and yesterday. This photograph was taken on 14 December from the crest of Peavine Ridge. Subtropical moisture was streaming into the area, so it was quite warm, 54 F (12.2 C) for the days high temperature. The moisture from this front was shunted to the north. I did not record any precipitation in any of the gauges, including the Placerville farm. Despite sunny days and warm daytime temperatures the meager snow pack is holding up surprisingly well.

[attachimg=2]

Much farther down on the ridge, I photographed this patch of Bear Clover, Chamaebatia foliolosa, growing under the high shade of a mature coniferous forest canopy. This forest stand escaped intact when the Cleveland Fire (1992) burned the central portion of the ridge.

In areas where the forest ecosystem has not been highly altered, this species is often seen carpeting the forest floor in the Transition Life Zones of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. This species is highly resistant to fire and grows dense enough to out compete invasive annual grasses (which have a very low flash point, i.e. they ignite and burn very quickly and easily when dry). Under ideal conditions (very rare these days), a diverse array of native species can share the same habitat.

[attachimg=3]

Berberis aquifolium is another low creeping species found on Peavine Ridge. This species is even more resistant to fire than Bear Clover. Encouraging the recolonization of this species, as well as many other native species, would certainly help ameliorate our growing wildfire threat. In addition, once established our native species would maintain and propagate themselves with minimal human intervention.

[attachimg=4]

Deer Brush, Ceanothus integerrimus var. macrothyrsus, is a very common species on Peavine Ridge, especially at lower elevation sites. The species is basically deciduous, however the species always seems to retain a few leaves throughout the winter. The dormant seeds can last for years in the soil and germinate in great profusion after a fire. I observed this after both the King Fire (El dorado County) and the Rim Fire (near Yosemite National Park).

[attachimg=5]

Eriodictyon californicum is generally seen growing at lower elevations, predominately in the Sierra Nevada Foothills. There are many thermal belts on Peavine Ridge where species such as this can thrive.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 16, 2018, 05:44:23 AM
[attachimg=1]

Buckbrush, Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus, is another species at home in the foothill belt of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. As with Yerba Santa, Eriodictyon californicum, this species finds sites within the thermal belts to its liking.

[attachimg=2]

Today, 15 December, the leading edge of overcast from the next storm system started to arrive.

[attachimg=3]

Canyon Live Oak, Quercus chrysolepis, can be found growing on the crest of Peavine Ridge at the 5,000-foot level (1,524 meters). This evergreen species is surprisingly cold hardy. Occasionally I encounter this species at even higher elevations, however always in relatively warm sites. As the name implies, this species is very common in the river canyons of the Sierra Nevada.

[attachimg=4]

This is a close up of the foliage (Quercus chrysolepis). On the crest of Peavine Ridge this species is often seen growing in Andesite rubble where it is very exposed, hot, sunny, and dry during the summer.

[attachimg=5]

Indian Manzanita, Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. mewukka, can be found growing throughout the Peavine Ridge area. Its gray-green foliage is very beautiful. If one looks closely, the recurved bracts on the inflorescence can be seen. This is one of several characteristics that help identify this species.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 16, 2018, 05:46:17 AM
[attachimg=1]

Ceanothus cordulatus is found growing at the higher elevations on Peavine Ridge. The species has wicked thorns! Despite this characteristic the blue-green foliage is very attractive. Presently, I do not grow it in our garden, however this situation will change.

[attachimg=2]

Green Leaf Manzanita, Arctostaphylos patula, is another species that is only found at higher elevations on Peavine Ridge. The nascent inflorescences are very attractive as they wait for spring to arrive.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 18, 2018, 05:18:50 AM
[attachimg=1]

I was back up on Peavine Ridge again today. There was 8 cm of new snow on the ground. This was a very pleasant surprise. I was expecting the snow level to be about 500 feet (152 meters) higher. Currently there is 20 cm of snow on the ground with a liquid equivalent of 1.92 inches of precipitation. I would be encouraged by the lingering snow, however my last analysis for the next 7 days indicates there could be much above average temperatures during the Wednesday – Thursday time frame (I have not updated this yet today, as of this writing – things can change quickly this time of year). If this does indeed occur, most of the snow will most likely be gone by Friday. This is sounding too much like a repeat of last year when there was not much snow until March.

Lately, I have been working on creating my own proxy skew-t charts for the area, based partly on the Sacramento GEOS Soundings. This is nothing new or novel. Meteorologists can do such things when there is a blackout of the soundings within the region of their concern. An air parcel in the Sacramento region generally has enough similarities to this part of the Sierra Nevada (especially above 850 mb), that with some adjustments I can come up with something that will work good enough for me. There are also other GEOS soundings locations that I can use under other circumstances.

[attachimg=2]

This was a good day to use the base of the cloud deck to work out the ML-LCL (Mean Layer Lifting Condensation Level). Clearly, the LCL on Peavine Ridge was well above the Sacramento GEOS reading of 954 mb. There was also an upper level cloud deck moving in to the area that could have been near the 500 mb level as indicated on the Sacramento 2200 UTC GEOS sounding. I will be able to confirm and double check this using an archived  SPC Mesoscale Analysis.

[attachimg=3]

With some orographic lift and a tiny-tiny amount of instability (CAPE 101 J/kg), the clouds began to build to the southwest. This dissipated about as quickly as it started as the upper cloud deck moved in and shut down the solar heating. Yea, I worked out a hodograph of wind shear and vectors on this one (both from my observations and SPC archived data). This is about as nerdy as one can get.  ;D

Yes, Yes, I will get back to the plants as soon as I can, however this is what I have enjoyed doing since I was 11-years old. I guess there are other reasons for all my record keeping. I am using all of this information to better understand how changing climatic conditions are influencing the ecosystems in this region and the plants that live in them. This too is nothing new or novel and has most likely already been done, but then I like doing this for my own pleasure. If something comes out of this to help folks create and grow a more enjoyable garden, so-much-the-better.

Here is another fun thing to check out. Find a global time-lapse animation of the OLR (Outgoing Longwave Radiation – IR) on the Internet (you might have to view the right archived material as conditions change constantly – no surprises here!). It is fascinating to see how convective cloudiness (moisture) in the equatorial central Pacific Ocean can work its way northeastward and eventually ends up in Scotland. And no, I am not planning a vacation to Scotland packed with a bathing suit, sunglasses and sunscreen.  ;D

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 19, 2018, 10:39:38 PM
There may be some interesting weather shaping up for us here in Northern California.

This morning there was low overcast and fog at our Sacramento home. Currently, the low overcast has burned off with high cloudiness above. The 20 UTC Sacramento GEOS sounding indicated 850 mb temperatures running 10 C (50 F). This is right on track for today. Surface winds are light at the 5,000-foot level, so surface temperatures are certainly 5 F or more above the 10 C mark at this time (above average).

I arrived home late last night, and only updated my 7-day weather analysis an hour or so ago. Hum.  :-\   The latest GFS projections revealed some interesting changes out around day 7. If the forecast holds (forecast 7-days out can change dramatically in 12 to 24 hours) we could get some of the coldest weather of the season, to date. What is interesting about the projections is that some moisture may get drawn in with the cold air advection. IF the forecast holds, AND / IF (lots of ifs), depending on where the moisture is located we could get very low snow levels. It also could be clear, cold and dry if the moisture is off the California coast, is too far east of our area, or never arrives.

Other developments that I will be watching:

The MJO has slowed it eastward progression. As it moves eastward from the eastern Indian Ocean (current location) into the Maritime Continent and further eastward, the consensus was (it may have changed) that this would prompt an atmospheric response toward the anticipated El Niño.

In addition, when I have time I plan on spending some time examining the Channel 3 IR satellite images. There has been a tremendous amount of wildfire damage in California over the past few years. This and the salvage timber operations that follow leave the terrain barren. This will show up on the satellite images, as well as the contrasting landscape where the burned timber has been left standing. Follow up outings to confirm the satellite information and to access the differences will be necessary. I am particularly interested in the King Fire (local) and the Mendocino Complex Fire burn areas (Snow Mountain). The fire damage has been so extensive in these areas there will certainly be meso-alpha scale meteorological changes. How this and other variables will impact these sites could be quite interesting.

There will be plenty to keep me busy this coming season.

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 21, 2018, 06:33:17 PM
Sacramento
21 December 2018
1800 UTC

A weak storm system passed through our area last night. Rainfall amounts were light. Our Sacramento gauge measured 0.05 inches, and our Placerville gauge measured a similar amount.

During the Monday into Tuesday time frame a storm with a bit more vigor and cold air advection will pass through our area. I checked the GFS RAP 500 mb / Absolute Vorticity (shear, curvature, and coriolis) prog. which is very reliable in this time frame.

In addition, I also checked the GFS 250 mb prog in relationship to the IR OLR over the equatorial central Pacific. The forecast is that the moist advection from this region will be cut-off. The MJO is active and has presumed its eastward movement. It will be interesting to see how this all pans out over the next 4 to 14 days.

As for the 7 day GFS forecast, well… It has changed. This is a very common occurrence this time of year (see previous posting). Meteorological science has made huge leaps of progress, however forecasts in the 6 to 8 day range can still be very difficult, especially during the winter. When I go on outings in the Sierra Nevada and elsewhere, I have my iPad browser programed to access high-resolution satellite images, radar, High Resolution Rapid Refresh, etc. Even with all this information at my finger tip (providing I am in internet range) the region has its own unique weather patterns and is still very poorly covered with important incoming data. For me this is FUN – as I enjoy the challenge and am still an advocate of the value of manual observations. I guess that I am old-fashion.

Now to go out and do more garden clean-up.  :)

Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 28, 2018, 09:11:58 PM
Sacramento
28 December 2018
2000 UTC

[attachimg=1]

Tomorrow I will be making my last trip to Peavine Ridge for the 2018 season. Last Sunday, 23 December, I arrived at Peavine Ridge very early in the morning while it was still dark. It was a nice time to arrive as the Great Horned Owls, Bubo virginianus, where calling.

The snow pack on the ridge was dwindling quickly, 6 cm on the ground with a liquid equivalent of 0.61 inches. We are quickly falling well below average in our precipitation to date, 6.83 inches at the farm, 58% average to date. In addition, the symptoms of climatic change are apparent in the data. Although the temperatures at the farm will only be slighting above the 30-year mean, the lack of cold weather is very apparent. As an example, there have only been 8 nights with low temperatures 32 F (0 C) or less, to date. This is well below the 30-year average to date. Another example is the low temperature extremes. To date, the lowest low temperature recorded at the farm has been 28 F (-2.2 C). The 30-year mean is 22.5 F (-5.3 C), with a stand deviation of 4.09 F (2.27 C). 28 F is clearly an anomalously high figure.

[attachimg=2]

As the time arrived to depart for Sacramento the sky began to lighten despite the overcast. As of today, it would be nice to have consistently cooler temperatures (it is very cool as of this writing), much more precipitation and snow cover. Over the last week or so the numerical forecast models have been a bit inconsistent. As of today, the GFS and NAM are at least in agreement for dry weather for the next 6 days of so. I would like to see better run-to-run consistency, however this can be difficult to achieve this time of year. In my situation, I can use my personal subjective analysis, to blend with the numerical models in my decision tree. Even with this methodology I do not see much prospect of precipitation over the next 6 days. It appears that the current regime of below average temperatures and strong dry northerly winds will persist for a few more days before temperature start to rise and the winds lighten.

I’ll save more discussion on these topics until the 2019 season starts. I hope to eventually tie this all together into something relevant to gardeners anywhere on the globe.
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Maggi Young on December 29, 2018, 12:34:43 PM
Thank you, Robert, for a terrific year of  posts, helping us to better understand  the topography, flora and climate  of   Northern California.  A huge amount of work for you, on our behalf, for which we are grateful. It's another great resource on this website.
 M
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 30, 2018, 04:40:44 PM
Sacramento
30 December 2018
1500 UTC

Hi Maggi,

Thank you for the encouraging comments. Until my current situation changes, I am doing the best I can to make the best of what is put before me. Currently, my ability to conduct botanical outings is limited. Weather and climate are interesting and certainly affect our gardens, wherever we may garden. Change is a constant. From my perspective, being aware of the climatic changes taking place around us help us adapt as gardeners - whatever comes our way.

Here in our part of Northern California, drought and limited water resources are the future, now (as well as new extremes in excessive heat, lack of chilling hours, a consistently dwindling snow pack in the Sierra Nevada and many other weather related issues). Old gardening practices need to give way to something new if we wish to succeed as gardeners in our part of the world. Somewhat recently, Cape Town, South Africa, was the first major metropolitan area to exhaust (more or less) its water supply during drought conditions. There is evidence that climate change is beginning to accelerate. This will affect gardeners everywhere in some respect. Extremes in drought, flooding, heat or cold, catastrophic storms and wildfires, etc. will most likely become normal rather than an anomaly. If nothing else, I hope that my postings help gardeners contemplate and access the changes that are taking place in their neighborhood and adapt successfully.

[attachimg=1]

I did, indeed, make it to Peavine Ridge the other morning, 29 December. Currently I have a very busy schedule, so to make things work I left Sacramento at 4:00 a.m. It was a bit chilly and I needed to work in the dark at several locations. I was at least prepared for the cold and the dark.

There was only a trace of snow on the ground on the crest of Peavine Ridge. The ground was frozen fairly stiff, temperature 24 F (-4.4 C). The remaining small patches of snow will not persist, as warmer and continued dry weather will be arriving over the next week.

Dawn arrived as I was preparing to drive back to Sacramento. The clouds were beautifully tinted pink.

As I write here in Sacramento, dawn has arrived. The roofs of the houses in our neighborhood are frosted white, our first frost of the season in our part of Sacramento.

P.S.

Maggi,

It is time for me to make a financial contribution to forum, which I will be doing soon. I agree 100%, this forum is a fantastic resource.  :)
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: hamparstum on December 30, 2018, 11:11:04 PM
Robert, I just want to thank you for all your contributions all along! Some of your Penstemons are in bloom just now. More are developing into lovely perennials and hopefully later this season they might bloom for the first time. The same goes for your Lewisias, another genus that has captivated my interest. Each genus provides infinite source of challenge and maintains high my dedication. Both are part of this just only one planet we all share. Yes climatic change is definitely here! Fortunately a consistently growing number of people that are aware of it. Although I belong to the subset of people that are convinced that it is caused by mankind ( thus could be addressed by it), still in the transition of past situations to the present one we have to adjust and adapt. Life as shown by plants is a continuum of adaptation...
Arturo
Title: Re: 2018 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on December 31, 2018, 05:11:27 PM
Arturo,

It is very pleasing to hear that so many plants are doing well for you. I know that I need to contact a few forumist and let them know how things are progressing. It gladdens the heart to see something new germinating or blooming for the first time that was a kind gift from someone.

Climatic change will be a recurring theme in this diary. Much of my current activities in the Sierra Nevada centers around the mesoscale impacts of climate change on the environment and flora. There are a number of theories being thrown around in the Climatology community at may apply in our area. I am interesting in discovering if they are relevant and how they might play out on our local scale.

Negative anthropogenic impacts (of any sort) can be a sensitive subject. Pointing the finger seems counterproductive. I hope to avoid this sort of discussion. My attitude is to report what I observe, think about things that might truly work, and if something is not working, to find solutions so it does. I have no input as to our local policies. This is okay. In my world, it is more important to put my best efforts forward (the work of the world needs to be done), then it is some else's responsibility to ignore my efforts of do something else.

I hope that you have a new camera.  :)
Title: 2019 - Robert's botantical adventures in Northern California
Post by: Robert on January 04, 2019, 02:26:51 PM
SEE 2019  :)

http://www.srgc.net/forum/index.php?topic=16856.0 (http://www.srgc.net/forum/index.php?topic=16856.0)
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